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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;76(8): 507-511, Aug. 2018. graf
Статья в английский | LILACS | ID: biblio-950575

Реферат

ABSTRACT Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a syndrome that was unknown until the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is a cause of orthostatic headache, which remains underdiagnosed and, rarely, can result in several complications including dural venous sinus thrombosis, subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Some of these complications are potentially life-threatening and should be recognized promptly, mainly by imaging studies. We reviewed the MRI of nine patients with SIH and describe the complications observed in three of these patients. Two of them had subdural hematoma and one had a dural venous sinus thrombosis detected by computed tomography and MRI. We concluded that MRI findings are of great importance in the diagnosis of SIH and its complications, which often influence the clinical-surgical treatment of the patient.


RESUMO Hipotensão Intracraniana Espontânea (HIE) é uma síndrome desconhecida até o advento das imagens de Ressonância Magnética (RM). É uma causa de cefaleia ortostática que permanece subdiagnosticada e raramente resulta em complicações, como trombose de seios venosos durais, hematoma subdural e hemorragia subaracnoidea. Algumas dessas complicações são potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida e devem ser prontamente reconhecidas pelos estudos de imagem. Nós revisamos as RM de 9 pacientes com HIE e descrevemos as complicações observadas em 3 casos. Dois deles tiveram hematoma subdural e um teve trombose de seio venoso dural detectados por tomografia computadorizada e RM. Concluímos que achados de RM são de grande importância no diagnóstico de HIE e suas complicações, frequentemente influenciando o tratamento clínico-cirúrgico do paciente.


Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Intracranial Hypotension/complications , Intracranial Hypotension/diagnostic imaging , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/etiology , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/etiology , Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/diagnostic imaging , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods , Headache/etiology
2.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(3): 275-279, 2018.
Статья в английский | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362889

Реферат

Pneumoventricle and liquoric fistula are possible complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the main cause of morbimortality related to trauma in Brazil. Liquoric fistulae are more common after direct trauma with skull base fractures. However, pneumoventricle is rare and occurs due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in the presence of a poorly compliant ventricle system, resulting in the influx of air to its interior. The pathophysiology of tension pneumoventricle remains uncertain. However, the traumatic cause is certain andmultiple bone fractures of the face and liquoric fistula may contribute to the process. If symptomatic, the tension pneumoventricle can cause rapid clinical deterioration. The authors aim to report a rare case of post-TBI tension pneumoventricle with complete resolution and without signs of recurrence of the liquoric fistula after surgical treatment.


Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Adult , Pneumocephalus/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Pneumocephalus/surgery , Pneumocephalus/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology
3.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 77(4): 449-455, dic. 2017. graf
Статья в испанский | LILACS | ID: biblio-902802

Реферат

RESUMEN Las fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) corresponden a una comunicación anómala entre el espacio subaracnoideo y la cavidad nasal. El origen de las fístulas laterales del seno esfenoidal se encuentra en un defecto congénito de la base del cráneo, con una incompleta o prematura fusión de los componentes óseos implicados en el complejo proceso de osificación del esfenoides. Ello origina un canal sin cobertura ósea, solo cubierto por tejido conectivo, denominado canal craneofaríngeo lateral o de Sternberg. Este es un punto débil donde pueden aparecer encefaloceles y/o fístulas, su ubicación lateral en el seno constituyen una zona de difícil abordaje quirúrgico. La reparación quirúrgica de fístulas de LCR ha progresado drásticamente con el desarrollo de ópticas endoscópicas y la mejora en el conocimiento de la anatomía de la base de cráneo. Los endoscopios permiten una visualización directa, localización del defecto y por ende una reparación precisa que traduce menos recidivas y menor morbilidad asociada a accesos transcraneales realizados previamente. El propósito de este artículo es presentar el caso de paciente con fístula del receso lateral del seno esfenoidal, su reparación endoscópica y discusión del origen de la persistencia del canal de Sternberg como causa del defecto.


ABSTRACT Fístulas liquid cerebrospinal (CSF) correspond to an abnormal communication between the subarachnoid space and the nasal cavity. The origin of lateral fístulas of the sphenoid sinus is a congenital defect of the skull base, with an incomplete or premature fusion of bone components involved in the complex process of ossification of sphenoid. This originates a channel without bone coverage, only covered by connective tissue, called channel craneofaringeo or Sternberg channel. This is a weak point where may appear encephaloceles and/or fístula, the lateral location in sinus is a difficult surgical approach. Surgical repair of fístulas of CSF has progressed dramatically with the development of endoscopic optics and the improvement in the knowledge of the anatomy of the skull base. Endoscopes enable a direct visualization, location of the defect and thus accurate reparation and less morbidity associated with transcraneales accesses made previously. The purpose of this article is to present the case of patient with fístula of the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus, endoscopic repair and discussion of the origin of the persistence of the channel of Sternberg as a cause of the defect.


Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sphenoid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Sinus/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/surgery
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;74(1): 55-61, Jan. 2016. tab, graf
Статья в английский | LILACS | ID: lil-772607

Реферат

ABSTRACT Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by the triad of gait apraxia, dementia and urinary incontinence associated with ventriculomegaly and normal pressure of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment is accomplished through the implantation of a ventricular shunt (VPS), however some complications are still frequent, like overdrainage due to siphon effect. This study analyses the performance of a valve with anti-siphon device (SPHERA®) in the treatment of patients with NPH and compares it with another group of patients with NPH who underwent the same procedure without anti-siphon mechanism (PS Medical® valve). 30 patients were consecutively enrolled in two groups with 15 patients each and followed clinically and radiologically for 1 year. Patients submitted to VPS with SPHERA® valve had the same clinical improvement as patients submitted to VPS with PS Medical®. However, complications and symptomatology due to overdrainage were significantly lower in SPHERA® group, suggesting it as a safe tool to treat NPH.


RESUMO A hidrocefalia de pressão normal (HPN) é caracterizada pela tríade de sintomas de apraxia de marcha, demência e incontinência urinária. O tratamento padrão é realizado através de implantação de derivação ventricular, porém várias complicações são frequentes, como a hiperdrenagem secundária ao efeito sifão. Este estudo avaliou o resultado da válvula SPHERA® no tratamento desses pacientes em comparação com um grupo controle (PS Medical®). 30 pacientes foram consecutivamente alocados em dois grupos de 15 e seguidos por 1 ano. Pacientes com a válvula SPHERA® tiveram o mesmo grau de melhora clínica em comparação ao grupo controle, no entanto as complicações diagnósticadas e sintomatologia secundária à hiperdrenagem foi significativamente inferior no grupo da válvula SPHERA® group, sugerindo-a como uma ferramenta segura e aplicável.


Тема - темы
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/prevention & control , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/surgery , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/instrumentation , Case-Control Studies , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology , Equipment Design , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/complications , Reoperation/statistics & numerical data , Slit Ventricle Syndrome/etiology , Treatment Outcome , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;73(7): 611-615, 07/2015. graf
Статья в английский | LILACS | ID: lil-752376

Реферат

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach with a pedicled nasoseptal flap for pituitary adenoma and skull base reconstruction, especially with respect to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula.Method Ninety-one consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent the endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach by the single team including the otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. Postoperative complications related to the flap were analyzed.Results Intra- and postoperative CSF fistulae were observed in 36 (40%) and 4 (4.4%) patients, respectively. Among the 4 patients, lumbar drainage and bed rest healed the CSF fistula in 3 patients and reoperation for revision was necessary in one patient. Other flap-related complications included nasal bleeding in 3 patients (3.3%).Conclusion The endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach is most suitable for a two-surgeon technique and a pedicled nasoseptal flap is a reliable technique for preventing postoperative CSF fistula in pituitary surgery.


Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o acesso endoscópico transeptal/transnasal combinado com a criação do flap naso-septal pediculado para reconstrução da base do crânio em cirurgias de resseção de adenoma de hipófise, especialmente nos casos que ocorrem fístula líquido cefalorraquidiano (FLC).Método Noventa e um pacientes consecutivos portadores de adenoma de hipófise foram retrospectivamente revisados. Complicações pós-operatórias relacionadas ao flap foram analisadas.Resultados Fístulas líquido cefalorraquidiano intra e pós-operatórias foram observadas em 36 (40%) e 4 (4,4%) dos pacientes, respectivamente. Entre os 4 pacientes, drenagem lombar e repouso absoluto foram suficientes para o fechamento da fístula e intervenção cirúrgica foi necessária em apenas um paciente. Outra complicação relacionada ao flap foi o sangramento em 3 (3,3%) dos pacientes.Conclusão O acesso endoscópico transeptal/transnasal combinado é melhor aplicado quando realizado por dois cirurgiões e o flap naso-septal é uma técnica eficaz para prevenção de fístula pós-operatória em cirurgias de hipófise.


Тема - темы
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adenoma/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/prevention & control , Fistula/prevention & control , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Skull Base/surgery , Surgical Flaps/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology , Fistula/etiology , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Nasal Septum/surgery , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 75(1): 49-54, abr. 2015. ilus
Статья в испанский | LILACS | ID: lil-745619

Реферат

Las fístulas de líquido cefalorraquídeo (FLCR) nasales se producen por la comunicación entre el espacio subaracnoídeo y el tracto aerodigestivo. Pueden ser adquiridas (secundarias a trauma o iatrogenia) o espontáneas. Éstas últimas pueden ser de origen congénito, tumoral o idiopáticas. El canal lateral craneofaríngeo o de Sternberg se produce por la falta de fusión de los puntos de osificación del seno esfenoidal durante el período embrionario. Esta región, ubicada posterolateral a la pared inferior del seno esfenoidal, queda cubierta solamente por tejido conectivo, siendo la zona de menor resistencia de la base de cráneo. La persistencia de este canal puede causar FLCR, especialmente cuando se asocia a elevación de la presión intracraneana y extensa neumatización. La cirugía endoscópica nasal es la técnica de elección para la resolución de estos casos. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de la técnica quirúrgica endoscópica nasal para la resolución quirúrgica de encefaloceles secundarios a persistencia del canal de Sternberg, en base a dos casos clínicos que fueron sometidos a cirugía endoscópica nasal.


Nasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks are caused by a nasal communication between the subarachnoid space and the aerodigestive tract. They may be acquired (secondary to trauma or iatrogenic) or spontaneous. The latter can be congenital, tumoral or idiopathic. The lateral craniopharyngeal canal or Sternberg canal is caused by the lack of fusion of the points of ossification of the sphenoid sinus during the embryonic period. This region, located posterolateral to the bottom wall of the sphenoid sinus, is covered only by connective tissue, being the area of least resistance of the skull base. The persistence of this canal can cause cerebrospinal fluid leaks, especially when associated with elevated intracranial pressure and extensive pneumatization. Nasal endoscopic surgery is the technique of choice for solving these cases. This article is a review of the endoscopic surgical technique of encephaloceles secondary to persistence of Sternberg canal, based on two clinical cases.


Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Encephalocele/surgery , Encephalocele/etiology , Endoscopy , Sphenoid Sinus/abnormalities , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/surgery , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/etiology
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