Реферат
The paper explores the evolution of "bone-approaching" acupuncture, its effect target and mechanism. The concrete operation procedure of "bone-approaching" method is recorded originally in Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor) as short needling and Shu needling (referring to the category of the five needling technique). The periosteum is the most effective stimulation target of "bone-approaching" acupuncture for analgesia, regaining consciousness and regulating spirit. The "bone-approaching" acupuncture is not only prominently effective on bone bi syndrome, but also has the unique effect on painful, encephalogenic and emotional diseases. The paper summarizes and improves "bone-approaching" acupuncture, i.e. "touching bone surface" with needle tip by slow insertion, "touching bone surface" without pain by swift insertion and "touching bone" with needle body by oblique insertion. It contributes to the inheritance, development and supplementation to the bone needling techniques in Huangdi Neijing and is significant for broadening the clinical application range of acupuncture.
Тема - темы
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Periosteum , Analgesia , Pain Management , Consciousness , PainРеферат
Funções executivas (FE) referem-se ao conjunto de habilidades que, de forma integrada, coordenam o comportamento e a cognição. Assim, o comprometimento no desenvolvimento das FE está ligado a vários desfechos negativos ao longo da vida. Portanto, a avaliação dessas habilidades na infância é essencial para identificar e prevenir prejuízos na vida adulta. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar evidências de validade do Teste Informatizado para Avaliação das Funções Executivas (Tafe) pelo critério de idade e pelo padrão de correlação entre medidas do TAFE e outras medidas de FE. Para isso, foi utilizada uma amostra de 51 crianças, entre 4 e 10 anos de idade, matriculadas em uma escola privada na cidade de Goiânia (GO), da pré-escola ao 4º ano do ensino fundamental. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados, além do Tafe, as tarefas de Bloco de Corsi, Teste de Trilhas A e B, Teste de Trilhas Pré-Escolares, Teste de Stroop Pré-Escolares e Subteste Dígitos da Escala Wechsler de Inteligência. Foram conduzidas análises estatísticas Kruskal Wallis para verificar a evidência de validade por relação com idade e análises de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman para avaliar as evidências de validade convergente. O instrumento investigado mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar entre as diferentes faixas etárias, assim, sensível ao desenvolvimento das FE. Os resultados obtidos no Tafe correlacionaram-se aos obtidos em outros testes que também avaliaram FE, mostrando claros padrões de convergência. Logo, as análises dos resultados fornecem evidências de validade ao Tafe, derivadas a partir de diferentes estratégias de investigação.(AU)
Executive functions (EF) refer to the set of skills that, in an integrated way, coordinate behavior and cognition. Thus, the commitment in developing EF is linked to several negative outcomes throughout life. Therefore, the assessment of these abilities in childhood is essential to identify and prevent possible harm in adult life. This study aimed to investigate evidences of validity of the Computerized Test for Evaluation of Executive Functions (TAFE) by the age criterion and by the pattern of correlation between TAFE measures and other EF measures. To this end, a sample of 51 children, between 4 and 10 years old, enrolled in a private school in the municipality of Goiânia (GO), from preschool to the 4th year of elementary school, was used. As instruments, in addition to TAFE, the tasks of Corsi Block, Trails Test A and B, Preschool Trails Test, Preschool Stroop Test and the Digits Subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used. Kruskal Wallis statistical analyzes were conducted to verify the evidence of validity by age criteria and Spearman's nonparametric correlation analysis to assess evidence of convergent validation. The instrument investigated was effective to discriminate between different age groups, thus being sensitive to the development of EF. The results obtained in TAFE were correlated with those obtained in other tests that also assess FE, showing patterns of convergence. Therefore, the analysis of the results provides validation evidence to TAFE, derived from different investigation methods.(AU)
Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) se refieren al conjunto de habilidades que coordinan la conducta y la cognición. Así, el deterioro en el desarrollo de FE está relacionado con varios resultados negativos durante la vida. Por tanto, la valoración de estas habilidades en la infancia es fundamental para identificar y prevenir posibles daños en la vida adulta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la evidencia de validez de la Prueba Computarizada para Evaluación de Funciones Ejecutivas (Tafe) por el criterio de edad y convergencia entre las medidas Tafe y otras medidas de FE. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 51 niños, de entre 4 y 10 años de edad, matriculados en un colegio privado de Goiânia (Goiás, Brasil) desde la preescolar hasta 4.º de primaria. Como instrumentos, además del Tafe, se utilizaron las tareas de Bloque de Corsi, el Test de los senderos A y B, el Test de los Senderos Preescolares, el Test de Stroop Preescolar y la Subprueba de Dígitos de la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de Kruskal Wallis para verificar la validez por criterios de edad y análisis de correlación no-paramétrica de Spearman para evaluar la evidencia de validez convergente. Tafe demostró ser efectivo para discriminar entre diferentes grupos de edad, así es sensible al desarrollo de FE. Los resultados en Tafe se correlacionaron con los obtenidos en otras pruebas de FE, lo que muestra claros patrones de convergencia. Por tanto, el análisis aporta evidencias de validez para Tafe, derivadas de diferentes estrategias de investigación.(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Cognition , Pliability , Inhibition, Psychological , Memory, Short-Term , Perception , Aptitude Tests , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Primary Health Care , Problem Solving , Psychological Phenomena , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Mental Recall , Recreation , Retention, Psychology , Attention , Schools , Auditory Perception , Social Adjustment , Social Support , Speech Perception , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Technology , Therapeutics , Thinking , Wechsler Scales , Behavior , Behavioral Sciences , Neurosciences , Adaptation, Psychological , Child , Child Care , Child, Preschool , Environmental Monitoring , Organizations , Child Health , Cognitive Dissonance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Consciousness , Intuition , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Self Efficacy , Creativity , Recognition, Psychology , Personal Autonomy , Access to Information , Comprehension , Growth and Development , Discrimination, Psychological , Education , Emotions , Planning , Cerebrum , Resilience, Psychological , Executive Function , Stroop Test , Mindfulness , Spatial Memory , Self-Control , Metacognition , Wechsler Memory Scale , Memory and Learning Tests , Self-Management , Mentalization , Frustration , Systematic Review , Emotional Regulation , Multidimensional Scaling Analysis , Self-Testing , Functional Status , Social Interaction , Cognitive Training , Processing Speed , Psychological Growth , Higher Nervous Activity , Human Activities , Imagination , Language Development , Language Development Disorders , Learning , Mental Processes , Motor Activity , Neuropsychological Tests , NeuropsychologyРеферат
O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a construção metodológica desenvolvida em uma pesquisa de mestrado, na qual sustentamos a escrita de cenas como método de pesquisa da escuta clínica. As cenas do trabalho em questão foram recolhidas ao longo do tempo, no contorno da experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária de atenção à infância e adolescência em situação de vulnerabilidade social, situado em uma comunidade periférica. Apresentamos, neste texto, as interrogações que se elaboraram em torno da escolha pelo trabalho com cenas, e compartilhamos o resgate histórico dessas como um método de escrever a clínica, bem como a retomada de sua análise a partir da tradição psicanalítica. Amparadas nesta teoria e em leituras e contribuições do filósofo francês Jacques Derrida, embasamos a noção de que a cena se constitui como um lugar de produção, ao engendrar a configuração particular de elementos significantes nos processos de subjetivação e de construção social. A cena não é, então, compreendida aqui como uma representação do que acontece na clínica, mas como um modo de produzir a escuta e os seus processos de investigação.(AU)
This article aims to present the methodological construction developed in a master's research, in which the writing of scenes as a method of clinical listening research was endorsed. The scenes from the study in question were collected over time, from the experience gained in a project conducted within a university extension program on care in childhood and adolescence in social vulnerability, in a peripheral community. In this study, we present some questions that were elaborated surrounding the choices of working with scenes; and we share the historical rescue of this work as a method of writing on clinic practices and resuming their analysis from the psychoanalytic tradition. Based on the psychoanalytic theory and on the readings and contributions of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, we corroborate the notion that the scene is constituted as a place of production, engendering the particular configuration of significant elements in the processes of subjectivation and social construction. Here, the scene is not a representation of clinical practice but one mode of producing listening and its research processes.(AU)
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la construcción metodológica desarrollada en una investigación de maestría, en la que sostenemos la escritura de escenas como método de investigación de la escucha clínica. Las escenas del trabajo en cuestión se recogieron a lo largo del tiempo desde la experiencia en un proyecto de extensión universitario de atención a la niñez y adolescencia en situación de vulnerabilidad social aplicado en una comunidad periférica. En este texto, presentamos los interrogantes que se elaboraron en torno a la elección por el trabajo con escenas y compartimos el rescate histórico de las mismas como un método de escribir la clínica y la reanudación del análisis a partir de la tradición psicoanalítica. Amparadas en el psicoanálisis y en lecturas y contribuciones del filósofo francés Jacques Derrida, nos basaremos en la noción de que la escena se constituye como un lugar de producción, engendrando la configuración particular de elementos significantes en los procesos de subjetivación y de construcción social. La escena no es aquí una representación de lo que pasa en la clínica, sino un modo de producir escucha y sus procesos de investigación.(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Psychoanalysis , Child , Child Welfare , Equipment and Supplies , Methodology as a Subject , Meals , Social Vulnerability , Parapsychology , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Paternity , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Poverty , Psychological Phenomena , Psychological Theory , Psychology , Psychology, Clinical , Reality Therapy , Scapegoating , Schools , Sibling Relations , Social Class , Social Isolation , Social Justice , Social Responsibility , Social Support , Social Work , Speech , Superego , Unconscious, Psychology , Behavior , Poverty Areas , Solid Waste Use , Child, Abandoned , Child Abuse , Child Advocacy , Child Care , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities , Residence Characteristics , Hygiene , Child Health , Liability, Legal , Adolescent , Parenting , Clinical Clerkship , Comprehensive Health Care , Consciousness , Life , Crime , Crisis Intervention , Affect , Culture , Narration , Diapers, Infant , Research Subjects , Aggression , Human Rights Abuses , Dreams , Education , Ego , Employment , Job Market , Ethics , Child Nutrition , Bullying , Social Marginalization , Child, Foster , Social Privilege , Freedom , Freudian Theory , Economic Status , Respect , Clinical Decision Rules , Social Inclusion , Housing Instability , Low Socioeconomic Status , History , Human Rights , Id , Functional Laterality , Love , Memory , Memory, Short-Term , Morale , NamesРеферат
Este artigo propõe o estudo sobre o conceito de outro como semelhante e como objeto. Partindo de textos que interpelam a alteridade na psicanálise e remetendo aos temas do complexo semelhante, da satisfação, da perda, do luto, da negativa, da repetição; avalia o conceito de outro articulando textos de diversos autores. A partir da psicanálise freudiana, estuda o das Ding e a negação, discriminando com estes termos um objeto estruturante na origem do psiquismo. Aborda textos técnicos da psicanálise para delimitar o tema da repetição. Também a recordação e a repetição são vinculadas ao objeto e estudadas na perspectiva da filosofia moderna. São retomados temas do diálogo platônicos para definir o lugar do erótico e da amizade. No fim do presente artigo, propomos o termo clássico grego Oikos com valor equivalente ao da Coisa freudiana e como esta aparece em escritos psicanalíticos.(AU)
This article studies the concept of other as similar and object. It is based on texts that question the alterity in psychoanalysis and refers to the themes of otherness complex, loss, grief, negative, repetition, and evaluates the concept of other, using articles of diverse authors. Based on Freudian psychoanalysis, it studies the Thing and the denial and discriminates a structuring object in the origin of psychism. It approaches technical texts of psychoanalysis to delimitate the theme of repetition. The recordation and repetition are also linked to the object and studied from the perspective of modern philosophy. Themes of the platonic dialogues are resumed to define the place of the erotic and the friendship. In the end of the article, we propose the greek classic term Oikos, with equal value to the Freudian Thing, as this one appears in psychoanalytic writings.(AU)
Este artículo estudia el concepto Otro como semejante y como objeto. A partir de textos que interpelan la alteridad en psicoanálisis y que se refieren a temas del complejo semejante, de la satisfacción, de la pérdida, del duelo, de la negación, de la repetición, se evalúa el concepto de Otro articulando textos de diferentes autores. Basado en el psicoanálisis freudiano, se aborda Ding y la negación, discriminando con estos términos un objeto estructurante en el origen de lo psíquico. Se abordan textos técnicos del psicoanálisis para delimitar el tema de la repetición; el recuerdo y la repetición son vinculadas al objeto y estudiadas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía moderna; y se retoman temas de los diálogos platónicos para definir el lugar de lo erótico y la amistad. Al culminar este artículo se propone leer el término griego clásico Oikos con un valor equivalente al de la Cosa freudiana como aparece en los escritos psicoanalíticos.(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Philosophy , Psychoanalysis , Psychology , Humans , Object Attachment , Perception , Pleasure-Pain Principle , Projection , Psychopathology , Psychosexual Development , Rationalization , Rejection, Psychology , Repression, Psychology , Repression-Sensitization , Safety , Social Behavior , Social Responsibility , Sublimation, Psychological , Superego , Thinking , Truth Disclosure , Unconscious, Psychology , Beauty , Volition , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Technical Cooperation , Symbolism , Attitude , Singularities , Homeopathic Cure , Mortality , Adolescent , Staff Development , Communication , Conflict, Psychological , Conscience , Consciousness , Privacy , Knowledge , Metaphor , Life , Empiricism , Address , Affect , Neurolinguistic Programming , Textbook , Virtues , Personal Autonomy , Moral Development , Research Subjects , Depressive Disorder , History, Ancient , Dreams , Drive , Education , Ego , Erotica , Academies and Institutes , Scientific Domains , User Embracement , Ethics , Extraversion, Psychological , Fantasy , Theory of Mind , Hope , Self-Control , Moral Status , Symbolic Interactionism , Freudian Theory , Psychological Distress , Food Social Space , Greece , Hate , Id , Identification, Psychological , Imagination , Individuality , Inhibition, Psychological , Interpersonal Relations , Judgment , Jungian Theory , Language , Libido , Love , Memory , MythologyРеферат
Major advances have been made over the past few decades in identifying and managing disorders of consciousness (DOC) in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI), bringing the transformation from a conceptualized definition to a complex clinical scenario worthy of scientific exploration. Given the continuously-evolving framework of precision medicine that integrates valuable behavioral assessment tools, sophisticated neuroimaging, and electrophysiological techniques, a considerably higher diagnostic accuracy rate of DOC may now be reached. During the treatment of patients with DOC, a variety of intervention methods are available, including amantadine and transcranial direct current stimulation, which have both provided class II evidence, zolpidem, which is also of high quality, and non-invasive stimulation, which appears to be more encouraging than pharmacological therapy. However, heterogeneity is profoundly ingrained in study designs, and only rare schemes have been recommended by authoritative institutions. There is still a lack of an effective clinical protocol for managing patients with DOC following ABI. To advance future clinical studies on DOC, we present a comprehensive review of the progress in clinical identification and management as well as some challenges in the pathophysiology of DOC. We propose a preliminary clinical decision protocol, which could serve as an ideal reference tool for many medical institutions.
Тема - темы
Humans , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Brain Injuries/complications , Consciousness , NeuroimagingРеферат
Objetivo: caracterizar a prática clínica e identificar as barreiras relacionadas à mobilização precoce em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo observacional analítico e prospectivo que incluiu pacientes em ventilação mecânica por mais de 24 horas. Foram coletados diariamente dados clínicos, critérios de segurança, barreiras e atividades realizadas nos atendimentos de fisioterapia. Posteriormente a amostra foi dividida de acordo com a realização de sedestação à beira do leito. Utilizou-se teste T para comparação entre grupos e para associação teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer quando necessário. Resultados: participaram 54 indivíduos com média de idade 51,33±14,85 anos e SAPSIII médio de 63,47±13,37 pontos. A mobilização foi realizada em 1356 sessões, em sua maioria atividades passivas. Nenhuma atividade fora do leito foi realizada com pacientes em ventilação mecânica. As principais barreiras foram sedação, nível de consciência e procedimentos médicos. A não sedestação à beira do leito foi associada à ausência de critérios de segurança, que impediram a mobilização, e ocorrência de óbito. Conclusão: A mobilização foi realizada na maioria das sessões, porém poucas atividades foram realizadas fora do leito. Durante o período de ventilação mecânica nenhuma atividade foi realizada fora do leito. As barreiras mais citadas foram sedação, nível de consciência e procedimentos médicos.
Purpose: characterize the clinical practice and identify barriers related to early mobilization in an Intensive Care Unit. Method: analytical and prospective observational study that included patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. Clinical data, safety criteria, barriers and activities performed in physical therapy consultations were collected on a daily basis. Subsequently, the sample was divided according to the performance of the patient sitting at the bedside. The T-test was used for comparison between groups and the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used when necessary. Results: a total of 54 individuals participated, with a mean age of 51.33±14.85 years and mean SAPSIII of 63.47±13.37 points. Mobilization was performed in 1356 sessions, mostly passive activities. No out-of-bed activities were performed with patients on mechanical ventilation. The main barriers were sedation, level of consciousness, and medical procedures. Failure to sit at the bedside was associated with the absence of safety criteria, which prevented mobilization, and the occurrence of death. Conclusion: Mobilization was performed in most sessions, but few activities were performed outside the bed. During the period of mechanical ventilation, no activity was performed outside the bed. The barriers most frequently mentioned were sedation, level of consciousness, and medical procedures.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Early Ambulation , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial , Physical Therapy Modalities , Consciousness , Death , Mobility Limitation , Deep Sedation , Physical Therapists , MethodsРеферат
Neuroscientists have emphasized visceral influences on consciousness and attention, but the potential neurophysiological pathways remain under exploration. Here, we found two neurophysiological pathways of heart-brain interaction based on the relationship between oxygen-transport by red blood cells (RBCs) and consciousness/attention. To this end, we collected a dataset based on the routine physical examination, the breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm, and an attention network test (ANT) in 140 immigrants under the hypoxic Tibetan environment. We combined electroencephalography and multilevel mediation analysis to investigate the relationship between RBC properties and consciousness/attention. The results showed that RBC function, via two independent neurophysiological pathways, not only triggered interoceptive re-representations in the insula and awareness connected to orienting attention but also induced an immune response corresponding to consciousness and executive control. Importantly, consciousness played a fundamental role in executive function which might be associated with the level of perceived stress. These results indicated the important role of oxygen-transport in heart-brain interactions, in which the related stress response affected consciousness and executive control. The findings provide new insights into the neurophysiological schema of heart-brain interactions.
Тема - темы
Humans , Awareness , Brain , Consciousness , Oxygen , Visual PerceptionРеферат
RESUMO. C. G. Jung e William James compartilhavam uma série de interesses de pesquisa. Por ocasião da Conferência realizada na Universidade de Clark, no ano de 1909, os dois autores tiveram a oportunidade de se encontrar e conversar. Os debates abordaram temas que não estavam na pauta da conferência, especialmente pesquisas psíquicas, também chamadas modernamente de experiências anomalísticas ou relacionadas à 'psi'. Desde seu período como estudante de medicina, Jung se interessou pelos fenômenos anômalos da consciência, tendo pesquisado os principais autores associados ao espiritualismo dos séculos XVIII e XIX. William James foi pesquisador reconhecido dos chamados fenômenos psíquicos, tendo participado de sociedades como a Society for Psychical Research e a American Society for Psychical Research. Através de seus estudos, James e Jung buscavam contribuir para a psicologia dinâmica, também chamada de psicologia profunda. O objetivo deste artigo foi ampliar os diálogos estabelecidos na universidade de Clark, resgatando informações importantes acerca da teoria dos dois autores.
RESUMEN. C. G. Jung y William James compartían una serie de intereses de investigación. En la conferencia celebrada en la Universidad de Clark, en 1909, los dos autores tuvieron la oportunidad de encontrarse y conversar. Los debates se centraron en temas que no estaban en la agenda de la conferencia, especialmente en la investigación psíquica, también llamada en la actualidad experiencia anomalística o relacionada con la psi. Jung de su tiempo como estudiante de medicina se interesó por fenómenos anómalos de conciencia, después de habiendo investigado los autores principales asociados con el espiritualismo de los siglos XVIII y XIX. William James era conocido investigador de los llamados fenómenos psíquicos, y participó en las sociedades como la Society for Psychical Research y la American Society for Psychical Research. James y Jung a través de sus estudios trataron de contribuir a la psicología dinámica, también llamada psicología profunda. El propósito de este artículo es ampliar el diálogo establecido en la Universidad de Clark, rescatando la información importante acerca de la teoría de los dos autores.
ABSTRACT. C.G. Jung and William James shared several research interests. At the conference held at Clark University in 1909, the two authors could meet and talk. The debates were especially on topics regarding psychical research, contemporarily also called anomalistic or psi-related experiences, which were not considered on the conference schedule. Since his period as a medical student, Jung has been interested in anomalous phenomena of consciousness, having researched the prominent authors associated with the spiritualism of the 18th and 19th centuries. William James was a recognized researcher of the so-called psychic phenomena, participating in societies such as Society for Psychical Research and the American Society for Psychical Research. Through their studies, James and Jung aspired to contribute to dynamic psychology, also called depth psychology. This article aimed to broaden the dialogues established at Clark University, rescuing important information about the theory of the two authors.
Тема - темы
Psychoanalysis , Research Personnel/psychology , Congresses as Topic , Parapsychology , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology , Religion and Psychology , Spiritualism/psychology , Universities/history , ConsciousnessРеферат
Autoconsciência refere-se à capacidade do indivíduo de se tornar o objeto de sua própria consciência. Considerada uma forma de consciência de alta ordem, ela pode desempenhar diferentes papéis em diferentes modelos teóricos na área de Dotação e Talento (D&T). Com a finalidade de realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a relação entre autoconsciência e D&T, foram recuperados 14 artigos nas bases de dados ERIC, PubMed, SAGE Publications e Academic OneFile, a partir do Portal de Periódicos Capes, com os descritores gifted, self-awareness e self-consciousness. Os artigos foram analisados descritiva e qualitativamente, considerando a faixa etária dos participantes dos estudos, a operacionalização de D&T, a relação entre autoconsciência e D&T e as possíveis aplicações práticas. Os resultados salientam a importância da autoconsciência para a D&T, seja para catalisar o desenvolvimento dos talentos ou para identificar melhor este grupo. Estratégias de ensino que considerem as características intrapessoais dos talentosos são indicadas. (AU)
Self-awareness refers to the individual's ability to become the object of his own conscience. Considered a form of highorder awareness, it can play different roles in different theoretical models in the Gifted and Talent (D&T) area. In order to perform a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between self-awareness and D&T, 14 articles were recovered in the databases ERIC, PubMed, SAGE Publications and Academic OneFile from the Portal de Periódicos Capes, using the descriptors gifted, self-awareness and self-consciousness. The articles were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, considering the age of the study participants, the operationalization of D&T, the relationship between selfawareness and D&T and the possible practical applications. The results emphasize the importance of self-awareness to the D&T, is to catalyze the development of the talents or to better identify this group. Teaching strategies that consider the intrapersonal characteristics of gifted are indicated. (AU)
Autoconciencia se refiere a la capacidad del individuo para convertirse en el objeto de su propia conciencia. Considerada como una forma de conciencia de orden superior, a autoconciencia puede desempeñar diferentes funciones en diferentes modelos teóricos en el área de superdotación y Talento (D&T). Para efectuar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la relación entre la autoconciencia y D&T, 14 artículos fueron recuperados en las bases de datos ERIC, PubMed, Sage Publications y Academic OneFile a partir del Portal de Periódicos Capes, utilizando los descriptores gifted, self-awareness y self-consciousness. Los artículos fueron analizados de forma descriptiva y cualitativa, teniendo en cuenta la edad de los participantes de los estudios, la operacionalización de D&T, la relación entre la autoconciencia y D&T y las posibles aplicaciones prácticas. Los resultados enfatizan la importancia de la autoconciencia a D&T, o para catalizar el desarrollo de los talentos o para identificar mejor a este grupo. Se indican estrategias didácticas que tengan en cuenta las características intrapersonales de los talentosos. (AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Aptitude , Self Concept , Consciousness , Psychology, Educational , Scholarly Communication , Mental ProcessesРеферат
O presente estudo busca ampliar o conhecimento sobre formulações contemporâneas acerca do desenvolvimento da consciência em bebês no primeiro ano de vida e suas relações com o desenvolvimento global subsequente. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental do tipo Estudo do Estado da Arte com levantamento nacional e internacional. Os procedimentos e resultados foram organizados em eixos de análise. Os resultados demonstraram um conjunto de formulações sobre o tema os quais, de forma geral, convergiram para a compreensão do bebê humano enquanto consciente desde o nascimento, mesmo que em nível mínimo. Pesquisadores defendem que bebês exibem um 'sentido implícito' de que são seres ativos e diferenciados de outros, expressando rudimentos de consciência. Argumentou-se que nos recém-nascidos a vida psíquica em nível rudimentar está associada ao funcionamento das estruturas subcorticais, que possibilitam a construção de processos cognitivos e afetivos cada vez mais coerentes. Ressaltaram-se diferentes níveis de consciêcia no primeiro ano de vida, especialmente por volta dos dois, seis, nove e doze meses. Esta pesquisa pode colaborar para avanços na compreensão do psiquismo de bebês nos meses iniciais do primeiro ano de vida. (AU)
The present study aims to expand the knowledge about contemporary formulations about the development of consciousness in babies in the first year of life and its relationship with the subsequent global development. A documentary research of the Study of the State of the Art type was performed with national and international survey. The procedures and results were organized into axes of analysis. The results demonstrated an arrange of formulations about the theme which in general converged to the comprehension of the human baby as conscious since birth even if just at a minimal level. Researchers argue that babies exhibit an 'implicit sense' that they are active beings and differentiated from others, expressing rudiments of conscience. It was argued that in newborns psychic life at a rudimentary level is associated with the functioning of subcortical structures, enabling them to build cognitive and affective processes that are increasingly coherent. Different consciousness levels in the first year of life were highlighted, especially around two, six, nine and twelve months. This research can contribute to advances in the understanding of the psyche of babies in the first months of the first year of life. (AU)
El presente estudio busca expandir el conocimiento acerca de las formulaciones contemporáneas sobre el desarrollo de la conciencia en los bebés en el primer año de vida y su relación con el desarrollo global posterior. Se realizó una investigación documental del tipo Estudio del Estado del Arte con estudiosnacionales e internacionales. Los procedimientos y resultados se organizaron en ejes de análisis. Los resultados demostraron una serie de formulaciones acerca del tema que, en general, convergían en la comprensión del bebé humano como consciente desde su nacimiento, aunque sólo en un nivel mínimo. Los pesquisadores argumentan que los bebés exhiben un "sentido implícito" de que son seres activos y distintos de los demás, expresando rudimentos de conciencia. Se argumentó que en los recién nacidos la vida psíquica en un nivel rudimentario se asocia con el funcionamiento de las estructuras subcorticales, les permitiendo construir procesos cognitivos y afectivos cada vez más coherentes. Se destacaron distintos niveles de conciencia del bebé en el primer año de vida, especialmente alrededor de los dos, seis, nueve y doce meses. Esta investigación puede contribuir para avances en la comprensión de la psique de los bebés en los primeros meses del primer año de vida. (AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Child Development , Conscience , ConsciousnessРеферат
Introdução: A fibromialgia é uma síndrome crônica, com etiologia desconhecida, frequente em mulheres e com sintomas que afetam a qualidade de vida. Tem se discutido que essa condição afete inclusive a musculatura do assoalho pélvico. Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento a respeito do períneo, a presença de sintomas de perdas urinárias e o nível de satisfação sexual em mulheres fibromiálgicas. Métodos: Participaram dessa abordagem 7 fibromiálgicas atendidas semanalmente pela fisioterapia. Para avaliação inicial, utilizamos um Questionário de Consciência Perineal e o Índice de Satisfação Sexual Feminina (FSFI). Durante os dois meses de intervenção, foram realizadas 2 palestras educativas e 8 encontros para a realização de exercícios perineais. Depois da intervenção, o FSFI foi aplicado novamente e os dados foram analisados por estatística simples. Resultados: As participantes demonstraram conhecer a localização das estruturas do sistema urinário, porém 4 das mulheres (57,1%) relataram não saber contrair a musculatura do assoalho pélvico. Todas relataram urgência miccional, raras perdas urinárias ao esforço e insatisfação sexual, antes da intervenção melhorando na reavaliação. Conclusão: As participantes pouco conhecem sobre a musculatura do assoalho pélvico, sua contração adequada e a atuação da fisioterapia nessa condição. A satisfação sexual encontrou-se prejudicada inicialmente apresentando melhora após as intervenções. (AU)
Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome, with unknown etiology, common in women and with symptoms that affect quality of life. It has been argued that this condition affects even the pelvic floor musculature. Objective: To verify the knowledge about the perineum, the presence of symptoms of urinary loss and the level of sexual satisfaction in fibromyalgia women. Methods: Seven fibromyalgia patients attended weekly by physical therapy participated in this approach. For initial assessment, we used Perineal Awareness Questionnaire and Female Sexual Satisfaction Index (FSFI). During two months of intervention, 2 educational lectures and 8 meetings were held to perform perineal exercises. After intervention, FSFI was applied again, and the data were analyzed using simple statistics. Results: The participants demonstrated to know the location of the structures of the urinary system, however 4 of the women (57.1%) reported not knowing how to contract the pelvic floor muscles. All of them reported urinary urgency, rare urinary losses on exertion and sexual dissatisfaction, before the intervention, improving the reassessment. Conclusion: The participants know little about the musculature of the pelvic floor, its adequate contraction, and the role of physical therapy in this condition. Sexual satisfaction was initially impaired, showing improvement after the interventions. (AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Fibromyalgia , Physical Therapy Modalities , Orgasm , Quality of Life , Urinary Tract , Pelvic Floor , ConsciousnessРеферат
Resumen El objetivo de este manuscrito es reflexionar sobre la enfermedad, la eutanasia y el aborto desde la bioética, considerando las implicaciones legales en Colombia y la visión al respecto de profesionales dedicados a las ciencias de la salud en diferentes lugares del mundo. Las enfermedades crónicas son causa importante de limitación funcional, sufrimiento y mortalidad; algunas patologías comprometen tanto el estado de conciencia en las personas que afectan la capacidad de decidir, por lo cual, es importante buscar alternativas para garantizar la autonomía de los pacientes. La eutanasia es aceptada solo en algunos países, pero cuenta con dificultades para el acceso, debido a trámites burocráticos o falta de reglamentación. Finalmente, el aborto es un procedimiento altamente cuestionado por colectivos sociales y religiosos, lo cual ha llevado a la estigmatización de las mujeres que desean acceder a él.
Abstract This manuscript aims to reflect on the disease, euthanasia, and abortion from bioethics, reviewing the legal implications in Colombia and comparing with the vision of health sciences professionals in different parts of the world. Chronic diseases are a major cause of functional limitation, suffering, and mortality. Some pathologies compromise the state of consciousness in people, which affects the ability to decide, so it is important to look for alternatives to guarantee the autonomy of patients. Euthanasia is accepted in only a few countries, but it has difficulties with access due to red tape or lack of regulation. Finally, abortion is judged by religious and social groups, which has led to the stigmatization of women who wish to access it.
Тема - темы
Humans , Bioethics , Euthanasia , Disease , Personal Autonomy , Abortion , Pathology , Social Control, Formal , Societies , Chronic Disease , Consciousness , Health SciencesРеферат
La mirada histórica retrospectiva del dolor nos posiciona frente a su coexistencia con la humanidad. Cada cultura tuvo su peculiar manera de afrontarlo, darle significado y tomar sus medidas de alivio. La ciencia, desde su lugar, ha desarrollado conceptos explicando razones y orígenes de su presencia. Las ciencias médicas en su anhelo de aliviar las dolencias de las personas, elaboraron escalas de evaluación del dolor. En las terapias intensivas, donde el estado de conciencia del paciente varía acorde a la necesidad que se produce a fin de resolver su patología o el motivo de ingreso a este servicio, resulta necesario valorar su estado neurológico para poder así determinar con precisión la escala de evaluación del dolor que aporte el resultado más oportuna según el momento preciso. Debido a los cuidados que lleva a cabo el profesional de enfermería con los internados, es quien permanece mayor tiempo con ellos; pudiendo cultivar una relación interpersonal más profunda, y debido a lo cual, no sólo colaborar en el alivio del dolor, sino también, si fuera necesario, ayudar a que encuentre el sentido a éste, en palabras de Travelbee. Para poder implementar dicha idea, el objetivo del presente protocolo, se define el siguiente objetivo: «Tomar acuerdo e implementar el uso adecuado y continuo de las escalas del dolor, en el paciente de terapia intensiva de adultos, de acuerdo a su grado de conciencia, a fin de reducir el dolor durante su estadía de internación[AU]
The retrospective historical view of pain positions us in front of its coexistence with humanity. Each culture had its own way of dealing with it, giving it meaning, and taking its relief measures. Science, from its place, has developed concepts explaining reasons and origins of its presence. The medical sciences in their desire to alleviate people's ailments, developed pain assessment scales. In intensive therapies, where the patient's state of consciousness varies according to the need that occurs in order to resolve their pathology or the reason for admission to this service, it is necessary to assess their neurological status in order to accurately determine the scale of pain assessment that provides the most timely result according to the precise moment. Due to the care carried out by the nursing professional with the internees, it is he who stays with them the longest; being able to cultivate a deeper interpersonal relationship, and due to which, not only collaborate in the relief of pain, but also, if necessary, help it find meaning to it, in the words of Travelbee. In order to implement this idea, the objective of this protocol, the following objective is defined: "Agree and implement the adequate and continuous use of pain scales, in the adult intensive care patient[AU]
A visão histórica retrospectiva da dor nos posiciona diante de sua convivência com a humanidade. Cada cultura tinha sua própria maneira de lidar com isso, dando-lhe sentido e tomando suas medidas de alívio. A ciência, a partir de seu lugar, desenvolveu conceitos que explicam as razões e as origens de sua presença. As ciências médicas, em seu desejo de aliviar as doenças das pessoas, desenvolveram escalas de avaliação da dor. Nas terapias intensivas, onde o estado de consciência do paciente varia de acordo com a necessidade que ocorre para a resolução de sua patologia ou o motivo da admissão neste serviço, é necessário avaliar seu estado neurológico para determinar com precisão a escala de avaliação da dor que fornece o resultado mais oportuno de acordo com o momento preciso. Devido aos cuidados realizados pelo profissional de enfermagem com os internos, é ele quem fica com eles por mais tempo; ser capaz de cultivar um relacionamento interpessoal mais profundo, e por isso, não só colaborar no alívio da dor, mas também, se necessário, ajudá-la a encontrar sentido para ela, nas palavras de Travelbee. Para concretizar essa ideia, objetivo deste protocolo, é definido o seguinte objetivo: "Acordar e implementar o uso adequado e contínuo de escalas de dor, no paciente adulto em terapia intensiva, de acordo com seu grau de consciência, a fim de reduzir dor durante a sua internação[AU]
Тема - темы
Humans , Adult , Pain/classification , Pain Measurement , Conscience , Consciousness , Critical Care , Culture , Interpersonal Relations , EmpathyРеферат
A hipnose é conceituada como um estado modificado da consciência, mais próximo da vigília do que do sono. Configura-se como um ótimo método terapêutico auxiliar com diversos benefícios na odontologia, visto que é possível tratar o paciente no consultório empregando essa técnica junto ao tratamento em diversas especialidades odontológicas, além de que permite a dispensa do uso de medicamentos algumas vezes. Deste modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia sobre a hipnose terapêutica em tratamentos odontológicos. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado com alunos devidamente matriculados no 1º, 5º e 10º períodos dos cursos de Odontologia do Centro Universitário de João Pessoa - UNIPÊ, no Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, e no Curso de Odontologia da Faculdade Integrada de Patos - FIP. A amostra da pesquisa foi igual ao universo, sendo constituída de 257 estudantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UNIPÊ e na FIP sendo utilizado um questionário contendo questões objetivas relacionadas ao conhecimento sobre hipnose e sua aplicação. Com isso, constatou-se que os estudantes eram em sua maioria do gênero feminino (70%) com idade entre 18 e 21 anos (45,1%), não possuíam graduação (76%), não tinham conhecimento sobre as técnicas de hipnose (59%) e nem conheciam a resolução das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (CFO nº82/2008). No entanto, a maioria dos entrevistados acreditava na técnica (75%), apresentavam vontade de fazer um curso sobre hipnose (77%) e acreditavam que o odontólogo possuía capacidade para realizar tal técnica (67%). Quando perguntados sobre as aplicações da hipnose na clínica odontológica houve o predomínio do controle de medo, trauma, ansiedade e tensão (17,9%). Em relação aos principais traumas no consultório observou-se que a maioria não tinha traumas (43,7%), seguido de barulho do motorzinho (12,1%). Concluiu-se que o fato de uma grande parcela dos estudantes de odontologia não possuir conhecimento acerca da hipnose, pode refletir na necessidade de inserção do conteúdo de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares nos cursos de graduação nessas instituições, além de que existem poucos estudos na literatura com essa temática ressaltando a importância do presente estudo... (AU)
Hypnosis is conceptualized as a modified state of consciousness, closer to waking than to sleep. It is configured as a great auxiliary therapeutic method with several benefits in dentistry, since it is possible to treat the patient in the office using this technique along with treatment in various dental specialties, in addition to allowing the dispensation of the use of medications sometimes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the knowledge of dentistry students about therapeutic hypnosis in dental treatments. It was an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out with students duly enrolled in the 1st, 5th and 10th periods of Dentistry courses at Centro Universitário de João Pessoa - UNIPÊ, in the Dentistry Course at Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, and in the Dentistry Course at Faculdade Integrada de Patos - FIP. The research sample was the same as the universe, consisting of 257 students. Data collection was carried out at the Federal University of Paraíba, UNIPÊ and at FIP, using a questionnaire containing objective questions related to knowledge about hypnosis and its application. Thus, it was found that the students were mostly female (70%) aged between 18 and 21 years old (45.1%), had no graduation (76%), had no knowledge about hypnosis techniques (59%) and did not even know the resolution of Integrative and Complementary Practices (CFO nº82 / 2008). However, most of the interviewees believed in the technique (75%), they wanted to take a course on hypnosis (77%) and believed that the dentist had the capacity to perform this technique (67%). When asked about the applications of hypnosis in the dental clinic, there was a predominance of fear, trauma, anxiety and tension control (17.9%). Regarding the main traumas in the office, it was observed that the majority had no traumas (43.7%), followed by the noise of the small engine (12.1%). It was concluded that the fact that a large portion of dentistry students do not have knowledge about hypnosis, may reflect the need to insert the content of Integrative and Complementary Practices in undergraduate courses in these institutions, in addition to the fact that few studies were literature with this theme emphasizing the importance of the present study... (AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Specialties, Dental , Complementary Therapies , Consciousness , Dental Clinics , Dentistry , Hypnosis, Dental , AnxietyРеферат
Este trabajo consiste en comparar el concepto de sujeto propuesto por Jacques Lacan al psicoanálisis con la concepción de subjetividad que puede deducirse de la obra de Jean-Paul Sartre que da lugar a su propuesta de un psicoanálisis existencial
This work consists of comparing the concept of subject proposed by Jacques Lacan to psychoanalysis with the conception of subjectivity that can be deduced from the work of Jean-Paul Sartre that gives rise to his proposal of an existential psychoanalysis
Тема - темы
Humans , Psychoanalytic Theory , Existentialism , Psychoanalysis , ConsciousnessРеферат
Introducción: Los linfomas no Hodgkin tienen su origen generalmente en el sistema linfoide, existe una gran diversidad de ellos, que hace difícil su clasificación y diagnóstico anatomopatológico definitivo. También hay localizaciones extranodales, como en el cerebro, lo que la hace aún más interesante. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con linfoma marginal cerebral, de diagnóstico muy infrecuente. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 67 años de edad con antecedentes patológicos personales de hipertensión arterial y epilepsia, que comenzó a sentirse rígida, con movimientos involuntarios generalizados en el cuerpo, hasta perder la conciencia. Al recuperarse se encontraba somnolienta y con cefalea de moderada intensidad. Se diagnostica un linfoma no Hodgkin tipo MALT cerebral; se realiza tratamiento con el que se revierten los síntomas y se controla la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Es necesario un diagnóstico histopatológico oportuno y certero, con la utilización de los estudios inmunohistoquímicos. Esto permite aplicar un tratamiento precoz y el control de la enfermedad(AU)
Introduction: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas generally have their origin in the lymphoid system, there is a great diversity of them, which makes their classification and definitive pathological diagnosis difficult. There are also extranodal locations, such as in the brain, which makes it even more interesting. Objective: To present a patient with marginal cerebral lymphoma, of a very infrequent diagnosis. Clinical case: A 67-year-old female patient with a personal pathological history of arterial hypertension and epilepsy, who began to feel rigid, with involuntary movements that generalized to the whole body, until she lost consciousness, when she recovered she was drowsy and with headache of moderate intensity. Brain MALT non-Hodgkin lymphoma is diagnosed, treatment is performed to reverse symptoms, and the disease is controlled. Conclusions: A timely and accurate histopathological diagnosis is necessary, with the use of immunohistochemical studies. This allows for early treatment and disease control(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Aged , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnostic imaging , Epilepsy , Cerebrum/surgery , ConsciousnessРеферат
Critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units require special care and the early diagnosis of the possible outcome of this coma is clinically important. Electroencephalographic signals are collected daily in critically ill patients and can be used to aid in the early diagnosis of neurological pathologies in such patients. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively describe the coherence values measured by the EEG signal of Brazilian individuals. The first group with comatose patients (N = 75), favorable (to live) or unfavorable (dying) outcomes, and various etiology. The second group was made by neurologically normal people, named the control group (N = 100). In addition, a number of statistical comparisons were made in order to verify the difference in coherence behavior according to the levels of consciousness. The coherence index of the comatose group is smaller than the control group. Besides, different hospitalization results, living or dying, as well as different etiologies, may be associated with particular values of cerebral coherence. It was observed that the etiology of coma does not influence the measured values of coherence in terms of diagnosis due to brain death, which may become a biomarker of this outcome. Another important consideration was that neurologically healthy patients did not present high values of cerebral coherence at all electrodes, as seen in the temporal region of the brain.
Тема - темы
Consciousness , ElectroencephalographyРеферат
Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation syndrome (ROHHADS) is a rare multi-system disease, and delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to catastrophic cardiopulmonary complications. As far as we know, no patient with ROHHADS has been reported in China, and this article reports a child with ROHHADS to improve the awareness of this disease among clinicians. A girl, aged 3 years, had the clinical manifestations of rapid weight gain, fever, disturbance of consciousness, and convulsion. The physical examination showed a body weight of 20 kg, somnolence, irregular breathing, and stiff neck. She had increased blood levels of prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone and hyponatremia. The lumbar puncture showed an increased intracranial pressure. The brain MRI and magnetic resonance venography showed symmetrical lesions in the periventricular region and venous thrombosis in the right transverse sinus and the superior sagittal sinus. The sleep monitoring showed hypopnea. The girl was finally diagnosed with ROHHADS and intracranial venous thrombosis. She recovered after symptomatic treatment including decreasing intracranial pressure, anticoagulation, and respiratory support. The possibility of ROHHADS should be considered for patients with unexplained obesity, fever, and hypoventilation, with or without central nervous system symptoms. Early diagnosis and standardized follow-up can improve the prognosis of children with ROHHADS.
Тема - темы
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , China , Consciousness , Hypothalamic Diseases , Hypoventilation , ObesityРеферат
It is widely acknowledged that holistic processing is a key characteristic of face perception. Although holistic processing implies the automatic integration of face parts, it is unclear whether such processing requires the awareness of face parts. Here, we investigated the interactions between visible face parts and face parts rendered invisible using continuous flash suppression (CFS). In the first experiment with the upper half-face visible and the lower half-face invisible, the results showed that perceived face identity was influenced by the invisible lower half-face, suggesting that integration occurs between the visible and invisible face parts, a variant of the "composite face effect". In the second experiment, we investigated the influence of visible face parts on the processing of invisible face parts, as measured by the time it took for the invisible parts to break out from CFS. The results showed a visible-to-invisible facilitation effect, that the aligned invisible face parts broke through CFS faster than when the visible and invisible face parts were misaligned. Visible eyes had a stronger influence on the invisible nose/mouth than the other way around. Such facilitation of processing from visible to invisible parts was also found when Chinese characters were used as stimuli. These results show that information integration occurs across the consciousness boundary.
Тема - темы
Awareness , Consciousness , Eye , Face , Facial Recognition , Photic StimulationРеферат
BACKGROUND@#Reviving patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOCs) has always been focused and challenging in medical research. Owing to the limited effectiveness of available medicine, recent research has increasingly turned towards neuromodulatory therapies, involving the stimulation of neural circuits. We summarised the progression of research regarding neuromodulatory therapies in the field of DOCs, compared the differences among different studies, in an attempt to explore optimal stimulation patterns and parameters, and analyzed the major limitations of the relevant studies to facilitate future research.@*METHODS@#We performed a search in the PubMed database, using the concepts of DOCs and neuromodulation. Inclusion criteria were: articles in English, published after 2002, and reporting clinical trials of neuromodulatory therapies in human patients with DOCs.@*RESULTS@#Overall, 187 published articles met the search criteria, and 60 articles met the inclusion criteria. There are differences among these studies regarding the clinical efficacies of neurostimulation techniques for patients with DOCs, and large-sample studies are still lacking.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Neuromodulatory techniques were used as trial therapies for DOCs wherein their curative effects were controversial. The difficulties in detecting residual consciousness, the confounding effect between the natural course of the disease and therapeutic effect, and the heterogeneity across patients are the major limitations. Large-sample, well-designed studies, and innovations for both treatment and assessment are anticipated in future research.