Effect of electroacupuncture on laparoscope postoperative shivering in patients undergoing general anesthesia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on laparoscope postoperative shivering in patients undergoing general anesthesia and explore its effect mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 80 patients with elective laparoscopic resection of intestinal tumor under general anesthesia were randomly divided into an EA group and a tramadol group, 40 cases in each group. Thirty min prior to the end of the operation, in the EA group, EA was exerted at Neimadian and Zusanli (ST 36), with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 1 mA in intensity, and lasting 30 min. In the tramadol group, tramadol hydrochloride injection was dropped intravenously, 1 mg/kg. The conditions of shivering, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and agitation were observed in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed before treatment (T0), at the moment of extubation (T1), in 3 min of extubation (T2) and 1 h after operation (T3). Using ELISA, at T0 and T3, the expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in plasma were detected separately. Choking and agitation were recorded during extubation.@*RESULTS@#① In the EA group, the incidence of shivering, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and agitation in the PACU was lower than that in the tramadol group (P<0.05). ②Compared with T0, HR, SBP and DBP were increased at T1 and T2 in the tramadol group (P<0.05). HR, SBP and DBP in the EA group were lower than the tramadol group at T1 and T2 (P<0.05). ③Compared with T0, the expression levels of IL-6 and 5-HT in plasma were increased at T3 in the tramadol group (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 and 5-HT in the EA group were lower than the tramadol group at T3 (P<0.05). ④The incidence of choking and agitation during exudation in the EA group was lower than that in the tramadol group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture can reduce the incidence of laparoscopic postoperative shivering under general anesthesia. The potential mechanism mays related to the modulation of the expression levels of IL-6 and 5-HT caused by surgical trauma.

Quimioterapia intraperitoneal en aerosol presurizado (PIPAC) / Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)

RESUMEN La técnica PIPAC se presenta como una variante de tratamiento para los pacientes con carcinomato sis peritoneal que no son candidatos a una resección. Se describen de manera detallada los pasos y el procedimiento quirúrgico para la administración de quimioterapia intraperitoneal presurizada con dispositivo PIPAC.

ABSTRACT Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a therapeutic option for patients with unresectable peritoneal carcinomatosis. The steps and the surgical technique of the PIPAC technique are thoroughly described.

A Single Center Experience for a Feasibility of Totally Laparoscopic Living Donor Right Hepatectomy

PURPOSE: Donor safety is the most important problem of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Although laparoscopic liver resection has gained popularity with increased surgical experience and the development of laparoscopes and specialized instruments, a totally laparoscopic living donor right hepatectomy (LDRH) technique has not been investigated for efficacy and feasibility. We describe the experiences and outcomes associated with LDRH in adult-to-adult LDLT in order to assess the safety of the totally laparoscopic technique in donors. METHODS: Between May 2016 and July 2017, we performed hepatectomies in 22 living donors using a totally laparoscopic approach. Among them, 20 donors underwent LDRH. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records to ascertain donor safety and the reproducibility of LDRH; intra-operative and post-operative results including complications were demonstrated after performing LDRH. RESULTS: The median donor age was 29 years old and the median body mass index was 22.6 kg/m2. The actual graft weight was 710 g and graft weight/body weight (GRWR) was 1.125. No donors required blood transfusion, conversion to open surgery, or reoperation. The postoperative mortality was nil and postoperative complications were identified in two donors. One had fluid collection in the supra-pubic incision site for graft retrieval and the second had a minor bile leakage from the cutting edge of the right hepatic duct stump. All the liver function tests returned to normal ranges within one month. CONCLUSION: LDRH is a feasible operation owing to low blood loss and few complications. However, LDRH can be initially attempted after attaining sufficient experience in laparoscopic hepatectomy and LDLT techniques.

Long-term efficacy of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the long-term outcome of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer.@*METHODS@#Clinicopathological data of 29 patients with mid-low rectal cancer undergoing laparoscope-assisted taTME at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from May 2010 to December 2015 were collected for the retrospective case-series study. All the operations were performed with transabdominal and transanal procedure simultaneously or sequentially. Perioperative presentations, pathological examinations, and oncologic outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Long-term recurrence, metastasis and survival were assessed during follow-up. Outpatient clinic and telephone survey were used for follow-up. The follow-up time ended in December 2018. The overall survival (OS) rate and disease-free survival (DFS) rate were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.@*RESULTS@#The average intra-operative blood loss was (75.9±9.5) ml (range,20 to 200). The average operating time was (223.6±4.1) minutes (range, 165 to 280). The average number of harvested lymph node was 22.3±2.0. The average length of pathological specimen was (13.1±0.6) cm. The average distal resection margin was (2.9±0.2) cm. 89.7% (26/29) of specimens was complete and 10.3% (3/29) near complete. Two cases (6.9%) had positive cutting circumferential margin. Median follow-up was 56 (range, 22 to 91) months. Local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate, 3-year OS rate, 3-year DFS rate, 5-year OS rate, 5-year DFS rate were 10.3% (3/29), 20.7%(6/29), 96.6%, 83.2%, 87.6% and 79.6%, respectively. No incisional hernia or adhesive intestinal obstruction was found.@*CONCLUSION@#Long-term outcomes of mid-low rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscope-assisted taTME are satisfactory.

Postoperative short-term complications of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and their management: a single center report / 中华胃肠外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and analyze the postoperative short-term complications of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy.@*METHODS@#A prospectively established database on taTME patients at Peking University Cancer Hospital was screened with the following conditions: data retrieval from June 2016 to August 2018, pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma, receiving preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy. The transabdominal procedure and the transanal procedure were performed simultaneously in the taTME operation. Occurrence of complications during perioperative period (within postoperative 3 months) in these patients, especially anastomosis-related complications and their management were analyzed. The relevant complications were recorded according to the Clavien-Dindo (CD) grading criteria. The severity of anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis was evaluated according to criteria developed by the International Rectal Cancer Research Group.@*RESULTS@#A total of 29 patients were enrolled in this study. In the 29 patients, 25 (86.2%) were male and 4 (13.8%) were female, the median age was 60 (range, 30 to 72) years, the median body mass index was 25.8 (range, 19.8 to 36.4) kg/m, the median distance from the tumor to anal verge was 4 (range, 2 to 8) cm. All the patients completed laparoscope-assisted taTME operations successfully without conversion to laparotomy, intra-operative severe complication or death. The median operation time was 300 (range, 198 to 405) minutes, and the median intra-operative blood loss was 100 (range, 50 to 200) ml. All the TME specimens were complete according to the Nagtegaal standard. All the patients underwent prophylactic ileostomy. Hartmann procedure was performed in one case due to poor blood supply in the proximal bowel without the possibility of anastomosis. Anal sphincter preservation rate was 96.6% (28/29). The median postoperative exhaust time was 2 (range, 1 to 10) days, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 9 (range, 7 to 24) days. Fifteen patients (51.7%) had postoperative complications, among which serious complication (CD grade IIIb and above) accounted for 6.9% (2/29). No perioperative death was observed. Five patients (17.2%) presented anastomosis-related complications, including 2 cases of grade C anastomotic leakage due to anastomotic rupture, who underwent abdominal perineal resection 1 month after operation; 2 cases of grade B anastomotic leakage, who improved after conservative treatment; 1 case of grade A anastomotic stenosis, who improved with anal expansion 1 month after operation. The incidence of postoperative infection was 24.1% (7/29), including 6 cases of pelvic infection and 1 case of trocar site infection, all of which were CD grade II. One case had incomplete intestinal obstruction (CD grade II); 1 case had gastroplegia; 1 case had abdominal trocar hernia. All the patients were followed up for a median of 12.0 (range, 3.9 to 29.9) months. Seven cases did not undergo ileal stoma closure. The anal sphincter preservation rate was 75.9% (22/29).@*CONCLUSION@#Pelvic infection and anastomosis-related complications are common after laparoscope-assisted taTME surgery for rectal cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, which require active management and appropriate treatment.

Three-dimensional Medical Electronic Laparoscope System / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper presents a three-dimensional electronic laparoscopy system, including three-dimensional laparoscope pipe and medical video system. The three-dimensional laparoscope pipe adopts a dual-optical structure, which can collect three-dimensional information of the surgical region. By selecting a reasonable initial structure, the MTF curve of the objective lens is close to the diffraction limit, and the distortion is less than 25%. The medical video system also achieved high-definition image with 1 080 P, 30 Hz by GPU. At the mean time, the three-dimensional electronic laparoscope has achieved quantitative production and has been tested in a number of animals, which has broad application prospects and significant clinical application value.

Laparoendoscopic Single Site Surgery for the Treatment of Huge Ovarian Cysts Using an Angiocatheter Needle

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) surgery using an angiocatheter needle in patients with huge ovarian cysts (diameter ≥15 cm). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with huge ovarian cysts underwent LESS surgery using an angiocatheter needle between March 2011 and August 2016. An intra-umbilical vertical incision (1.5–2.0 cm) was made in the midline. After the cyst wall was punctured using an angiocatheter needle, the fluid contents were aspirated with a connected vacuum aspirator. After placing a Glove port in the umbilical incision, LESS surgery was performed using a rigid 0-degree, 5-mm laparoscope and conventional, rigid, straight laparoscopic instruments. Knife-in-bag morcellation was instituted for specimen collection. RESULTS: The median maximal diameter of ovarian cysts was 18 cm (range, 15–30 cm), the median operation time was 150 minutes (range, 80–520 minutes), and the median volume of blood loss was 100 mL (range, 20–800 mL). Three patients (9.7%) were diagnosed with malignant ovarian cancer using intraoperative frozen examination, and 1 patient was converted to laparotomy due to advanced disease. Thirty patients underwent LESS, and there was no need for an additional laparoscopic port. CONCLUSION: LESS surgery using an angiocatheter needle, with leaving only a small postoperative scar, was deemed feasible for the management of huge ovarian cysts.

Development Review of Novel Laparoscope Technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

The proportion of laparoscopic surgeries is continuously increasing in general surgeries. Along with the development and application, new image sensor and digital image processing technology accelerated the emergence of novel laparoscope in recent years. Stereoscopic laparoscope (3D) appearing make the space orientation more accurate. new imaging methods and new structure design satisfy more clinical requirements; combination with optical technology (NBI technique, PDD technique, ICG technique) make intraoperative diagnosis possible.

Solo Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy versus Conventional Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Retrospective, Single Center Study

PURPOSE: Single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) attempts to advance laparoscopic appendectomy with the aim of quicker recovery, less pain, a smaller scar, and better patient satisfaction, and it might offer better outcomes than conventional laparoscopic appendectomy. However, conventional SILA (C-SILA) is not widely practiced. C-SILA is associated with several ergonomic challenges when compared with standard multiport laparoscopy owing to the handling of straight instruments in parallel with a camera. The aim of this retrospective study was to review and compare the outcomes of SILA performed by residents in solo approach and a conventional non-solo approach in order to determine whether S-SILA can be performed effectively by residents. METHODS: Between March 2016 and February 2018, at SNUBH, 87 patients underwent SILA performed by residents, and of these patients, 36 underwent S-SILA and 51 underwent C-SILA. RESULTS: Patient characteristics and severities of appendicitis were different between the S-SILA and C-SILA groups. Although cases were more complicated in the S-SILA group, the surgical outcomes were similar between the S-SILA and C-SILA groups. These findings suggest that S-SILA can be a reasonable alternative to C-SILA for surgeons who can competently perform SILA. CONCLUSION: The surgical outcomes were similar between S-SILA and C-SILA. Moreover, S-SILA could reduce the number of required personnel, resulting in a reduction in healthcare cost. S-SILA can be considered a reasonable alternative to C-SILA for surgeons who can competently perform SILA.

Experiences of thoracic esophagectomy with laparoscopic gastric pull up in thoracic esophageal cancer patient in single center

PURPOSE: The standard treatment of esophageal cancer is the Ivor-Lewis operation, which consists of an abdominal phase involving gastric tube formation, and a chest phase involving esophagectomy and anastomosis. We aimed to report our experience of performing thoracic esophagectomy with the laparoscopic gastric pull up (LGPU) technique and its surgical outcomes.METHODS: Clinicopathologic data and short-term surgical outcomes of 14 patients who underwent LGPU for thoracic esophageal cancer from August 2008 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 62.3 years and mean body mass index was 21.7 kg/m2. Eleven patients had medical comorbidities. Patients' mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2. Mean operation time was 428.5 minutes, with the mean abdominal operation time being 138.9 minutes. There was no open conversion case. Three patients had pneumonia, three patients had surgical site infection, and one patient had subcutaneous emphysema within 30 days after surgery. One patient had minor anastomosis site leakage. There was one 30-day mortality case. One patient with postoperative aspiration pneumonia developed acute respiratory distress disease, and died due to sepsis. Mean postoperative intensive care unit stay was 3.5 days, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 20.6 days. Nasogastric tubes were removed on average at 3.4 days, and mean oral intake time was 3.4 days.CONCLUSION: If the gastrointestinal surgeon has extensive experience in laparoscopic procedures, LGPU will be a safe and feasible technique for thoracic esophagectomy in patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer.

Comparison of patient-controlled epidural analgesia with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) is known to provide good postoperative analgesia in many types of surgery including laparoscopic surgery. However, no study has compared PCEA with patient-controlled intravascular analgesia (PCIA) in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LARP). In this study, the efficacy and side effects of PCEA and PCIA after LARP were compared. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing LARP were randomly divided into two groups: 1) a PCEA group, treated with 0.2% ropivacaine 3 ml and 0.1 mg morphine in the bolus; and 2) a PCIA group, treated with oxycodone 1 mg and nefopam 1 mg in the bolus. After the operation, a blinded observer assessed estimated blood loss (EBL), added a dose of rocuronium, performed transfusion, and added analgesics. The numeric rating scale (NRS), infused PCA dose, and side effects were assessed at 1, 6, 24, and 48 h. RESULTS: EBL, added rocuronium, and added analgesics in the PCEA group were less than those in the PCIA group. There were no significant differences in side-effects after the operation between the two groups. Patients were more satisfied with PCEA than with PCIA. The NRS and accumulated PCA count were lower in PCEA group. CONCLUSIONS: Combined thoracic epidural anesthesia could induce less blood loss during operations. PCEA showed better postoperative analgesia and greater patient satisfaction than PCIA. Thus, PCEA may be a more useful analgesic method than PICA after LARP.

Comparison of short- and long-term outcomes between laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate systematically the short- and long-term outcomes between laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (LA-taTME) and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME) in the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literatures comparing LA-taTME with L-TME published from January 2014 to January 2018 were systematically selected through searching PubMed, Ovid, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases. Literature screening and methodology quality evaluation were carried out by two surgeons independently. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) was evaluated by the modified Jadad rating scale, in which 1 to 3 and 4 to 7 were considered as low and high quality,respectively(total scores: 7). Non-randomized controlled trial (NRCT) was assessed by the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS), in which 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9 were defined as low, moderate, and high quality, respectively (total score: 9). Ratio of incomplete mesorectum, positive rate of circumferential resection margin (CRM), number of harvested lymph node, distance of distal resection margin, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, morbidity of postoperative complication, conversion rate, hospital stay, recurrence, 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) were compared and analyzed by using Stata/SE12.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen studies including 1 RCT and 13 NRCTs were enrolled finally. Among them, the RCT with a score of 6 was considered to be of high quality; all NRCTs (2 with 6 stars, 5 with 7 stars, and another 6 with 8 stars) were indicative of moderate to high quality; 450 patients underwent LA-taTME and 498 patients underwent L-TME. No significant differences were observed in terms of age, gender, tumor location and TNM stage between two approaches (all P>0.05). Compared to L-TME, LA-taTME had lower ratio of incomplete mesorectum (RR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.31 to 0.93, P=0.026), lower positive rate of CRM (RR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.86, P=0.012), lower conversion rate(RR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.26 to 0.86, P=0.014), lower morbidity of postoperative complication (RR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.67 to 0.99, P=0.036) and less intraoperative blood loss (SMD=-0.38, 95%CI:-0.68 to -0.08, P=0.013). While the differences between two groups had no statistical significance in terms of operative duration, number of harvested lymph node, distance of distal resection margin, hospital stay, overall recurrence, 2-year DFS and 2-year OS (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The short- and long-term outcomes of LA-taTME and L-TME for the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer are comparable, while LA-taTME can reduce the ratio of incomplete mesorectum, positive rate of CRM, conversion rate, and morbidity of postoperative complication, and intraoperative blood loss.</p>

Feasibility and application value of autonomic nerve-preserving D3 radical resection for right-sided colon cancer under laparoscope / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and application value of the preservation of vegetative nervous functions in radical resection for right-sided colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 55 cases with right-sided colon cancer undergoing laparoscopic D3+ complete mesocolic excision (CME) radical resection from January 2016 to July 2017 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. Exclusion criteria included emergency surgery for various reasons, intestinal obstruction or perforation, distant metastasis or locally advanced cancer, previous history of abdominal surgery and preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Twenty-nine cases underwent lymphadenectomy with intrathecal dissection of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and part of superior mesenteric plexus was resected (nerve partial resection group, NPR group). Twenty-six cases received lymphadenectomy with the clearance of lymphatic adipose tissue on the right side of SMA by sharp or obtuse method outside the sheath; the sheath of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) was entered at the junction of SMA and SMV; the SMV was naked in the sheath; the third station lymph node dissection was completed with preservation of superior mesenteric plexus (nerve preserved group, NP group). Intra-operative and postoperative complications were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline data were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time in NP group was significantly shorter than that in NPR group [(164.0±19.8) minutes vs. (176.0±19.7) minutes, t=2.249, P=0.029]. No significant differences in operative blood loss, operative vessel damage, postoperative time to flatus, postoperative hospital stay and abdominal pain were observed between two groups(all P>0.05). The number of harvested lymph node in two groups was 28.5±7.8 and 27.6±6.5 respectively without significant difference(P>0.05). As compared to NPR group, NP group had lower incidence of chylous leakage[3.8%(1/26) vs. 37.9%(11/29), χ²=9.337, P=0.002] and postoperative diarrhea [15.4%(4/26) vs. 41.4%(12/29), χ²=4.491, P=0.034].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Autonomic nerve-preserving D3+ CME radical resection for right-sided colon cancer is safe and feasible, and can prevent the postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by nerve injury and decrease the risk of chylous leakage.</p>

Insuflación con aguja de Veress en punto de Palmer, hasta presión intraabdominal de 25 mmHg. Técnica para mejorar la seguridad del acceso laparoscópico ginecológico / Veress needle inflation at Palmer's point, up to intra-abdominal pressure of 25 mmHg. Technique to improve the safety of gynecological laparoscopic access

RESUMEN Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es observar los beneficios de la entrada laparoscópica con trocar para la óptica, tras la insuflación previa con aguja de Veress en punto de Palmer, hasta conseguir una presión intraabdominal de 25 mmHg. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo de 115 cirugías laparoscópicas realizadas con la técnica anteriormente descrita, por el mismo equipo quirúrgico; de julio de 2014 a marzo de 2018, en el Departamento de Ginecología del Hospital General Santa María del Puerto. Resultados: El tiempo medio de las maniobras de acceso fue de 175 segundos. En el 84.3 % de las ocasiones, el acceso a la cavidad abdominal se consiguió en el primer intento. Sólo en dos ocasiones (1.7%), fue necesario cambiar la técnica de acceso. No se objetivó ninguna complicación o efecto adverso en el 96.5% de las cirugías. En dos pacientes (1.7%) se produjo un enfisema subcutáneo, en una ocasión un enfisema epiploico (0.9%) y en una paciente (0.9%), se objetivó una ligera intolerancia anestésica durante la realización del neumoperitoneo. No se registró durante el estudio ninguna complicación mayor asociada a las maniobras de acceso. Conclusiones: La entrada con presiones altas intraabdominales tras insuflación con aguja de Veress en punto de Palmer, es una técnica segura y reproducible para evitar complicaciones mayores, durante las maniobras de acceso a cavidad abdominal. Además, esta técnica no produce efectos adversos anestésicos relevantes secundarios a las altas presiones en pacientes sanas, debido al escaso tiempo durante el que se mantienen las mismas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of the study is to observe the benefits of laparoscopic trocar entry for optics, after previous insufflation with Veress needle at Palmer's point, until an intra-abdominal pressure of 25 mmHg is achieved. Material and method: Prospective study of 115 laparoscopic surgeries performed with the previously described technique, by the same surgical team; from July 2014 to March 2018, in the Department of Gynecology of the Hospital General Santa María del Puerto. Results: The average time of access maneuvers was 175 seconds. In 84.3% of the cases, access to the abdominal cavity was achieved on the first attempt. Only on two occasions (1.7%), it was necessary to change the access technique. No complication or adverse effect was found in 96.5% of the surgeries. Subcutaneous emphysema (1.7%) occurred in two patients, epiploic emphysema (0.9%) and in one patient (0.9%), a slight anesthetic intolerance was observed during the pneumoperitoneum. No major complications associated with the access maneuvers were recorded during the study. Conclusions: The entry with high intra-abdominal pressures after insufflation with Veress needle at Palmer's point, is a safe and reproducible technique to avoid major complications, during maneuvers of access to the abdominal cavity. In addition, this technique does not produce relevant adverse anesthetic effects secondary to high pressures in healthy patients, due to the short time during which they remain.

Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in the treatment plan of gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical value of the diagnostic laparoscopy in choosing treatment strategies for patients with gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical and pathological data collected from 2 023 patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery in the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from 2009 to 2014. All the patients were diagnosed as gastric cancer by endoscopic biopsy and staged by imaging examination before surgery. During the diagnostic laparoscopy procedure, a small periumbilical incision was made and a pneumoperitoneum with COunder 10-15 mmHg was established through a port. A 10 mm trocar was put in, and the camera was inserted. Two 5 mm trocars were put in two ports which located in midclavicular line two fingers under the left and right costal margin and then the instruments were inserted. A thorough inspection included ascites, the abdominal cavity, liver, diaphragm, spleen, greater omentum, colon, small intestine, mesentery, adnexa (female) and pelvic floor. If the tumor located at the posterior part of the stomach, the gastrocolic ligament was opened in order to look for carcinomatosis in the omental bursa. The accuracy rate of diagnostic laparoscopy in diagnosing adjacent organ invasion and intra-abdominal metastasis was calculated, and the rate of adjusting treatment plans after diagnostic laparoscopy was also calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 52.7%(1 067/2 023) of patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. The accuracy rate of diagnostic laparoscopy in evaluating adjacent organ invasion and intra-abdominal metastasis were 98.3%(1 049/1 067) and 98.1%(1 047/1 067) respectively. Besides, 14 patients with stage T4b and 32 with intra-abdominal metastasis, which were missed by imaging examination, were diagnosed by diagnostic laparoscopy. The treatment plans of 9.3% (99/1 067) of patients were changed after diagnostic laparoscopy, and 65 (6.1%) cases of non-therapeutic laparotomy were avoided. However, 18 cases of adjacent organ invasion and 20 cases of intra-abdominal metastasis were still missed by diagnostic laparoscopy, and 12 cases received non-therapeutic laparotomy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diagnostic laparoscopy has considerable value in assessing adjacent organ invasion and intra-abdominal metastasis and has great clinical significance in making precise treatment plans.</p>

New-style laparoscope and endoscope cooperative gallbladder-preserving surgery for polyps

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new style of Laparoscope and Endoscope Cooperative gallbladderpreserving Surgery [LECS], an improved method of minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving polypectomy

Study Design: An experimental study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China, from January 2009 to July 2013

Methodology: Clinical data of patients subjected to LECS and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [LC] was analysed. The inclusion criteria were normal size clear gallbladder bile with total volume [FV] of the gallbladder = 15 - 25 ml, the Residual Volume [RV] = 5 ml, and the Emptying Figure [EF] > 75%, with polyps diagnosed definitively by B-type ultrasonic imaging or CT desirous of preserving gallbladder. Exclusion criteria were a history of midsection surgery, serious diseases of any organ, hepatic injury, or coagulation disturbance. Mean hospital stay and complications were also noted. Independent sample t-test, the frequency comparison used chi-square test [N > 5], and Fisher's exact test [N < 5] were used for statistical test

Results: The mean hospital stay after LECS was 3.50 +/- 0.31 days, and 3.50 +/- 0.31 days for the LC group. The mean age in LC and LECS group was 50 +/- 25.4 and 44 +/- 12.1 years, respectively. Complications after operation in the LECS were indigestion and diarrhea; LC group had indigestion [9.33%], diarrhea [10.67%], and gastroesophageal reflux [6.6.7%]. In the 3 months follow-up after discharging from the hospital, no patient had recurrence of any gallbladder disease; at 1 year follow-up, 1 patient [1.28%] developed cholesterol crystals; at 3-year follow-up, 3 cases [3.84%] were found to have recurring polyps [2 tilde 4 pieces], and 2 [2.56%] patients developed cholesterol crystals

Conclusion: Minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving polypectomy which used a CHIAO cholecystoscopy compared with a laparoscope is safe, feasible, and can effectively reduce the vestiges and recrudescence of polyps in gallbladder preserving surgery

Efficacy meta-analysis of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision and conventional laparoscopic excision for rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the short-term efficacy of laparoscope-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (LA-taTME) and conventional laparoscopic TME (LTME) for rectal cancer by meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical studies that compared clinical outcomes of LA-taTME and LTME were searched from form PubMed, Embase, Ovid, CNKI and Wanfang database before January 2016. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and assessed the quality of the included studies by using the MINORS standard which involves 12 items. The score is 0-2 for each item and the maximum score is 24, and the ideal global score should be above16. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis and outcome measures included operation time, hospital stay, number of harvested lymph node, rate of conversion, positive rate of circumferential resection margin and the rate of incomplete mesorectum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven studies were included in the analysis, and the score of all the studies was more than 16 points. A total of 479 patients (208 in LA-taTME, 271 in LTME) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, tumor location and clinical stage between two groups (all P>0.05). Results of meta-analysis showed that LA-taTME had lower rate of incomplete mesorectum (OR=0.29, 95% CI:0.10 to 0.84, P=0.02), lower rate of complications (OR=0.59, 95% CI:0.35 to 0.97, P=0.04) and shorter hospital stay (MD=-1.66, 95% CI:-3.22 to -0.11, P=0.04) than those of LTME, with significant differences. In terms of operation time (MD=-14.49, 95% CI:-37.87 to 8.90, P=0.22), number of harvested lymph node (MD=-0.45, 95% CI:-1.98 to 1.08, P=0.56), the rate of conversion (OR=0.31, 95% CI:0.08 to 1.24, P=0.10) and positive rate of circumferential resection margin (OR=0.43, 95% CI:0.17 to 1.04, P=0.06), there were no significant differences between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared to LTME, LA-taTME has similar short-term efficacy for rectal cancer, but it can reduce the rate of complications and rate of incomplete mesorectum.</p>

Microbiological evaluation of the steam sterilization of assembled laparoscopic instruments / Avaliação microbiológica da esterilização a vapor do instrumental laparoscópico montado / Evaluación microbiológica de la esterilización a vapor de instrumental laparoscópico montado

ABSTRACT Objective: assess the safety of steam sterilization of assembled laparoscopic instruments with challenge contamination. Method: a laboratory experimental study, using as test samples trocars and laparoscopic graspers. Geobacillus stearothermophillus ATCC-7953 was used, with a microbial population of 106UFC/Filter paper substrate, removed from the biological indicator. Three of them were introduced into each instrument at the time of assembly, and sterilized at pressurized saturated steam, 134oC for 5 minutes. After sterilization, the instrument was disassembled and each filter paper substrate was inoculated in soybean casein culture and incubated at 56oC for 21 days. In case of absence of growth, they were subjected to heat shock of 80oC, for 20 minutes and re-incubated for 72 hours. Sample size: 185 graspers and 185 trocars, with 95% power. We paired the experiments with comparative negative control groups (5 graspers and 5 trocars with challenge contamination, sterilized disassembled) and positive control (30 filter paper supports, unsterilized), subject to the same incubation procedures. Results: there was no microbial growth in experimental and negative control. The results of the positive control were satisfactory. Conclusion: this study provided strong scientific evidence to support the safety of steam sterilizing of the assembled laparoscopic instrument.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a segurança da esterilização a vapor, do instrumental laparoscópico montado com desafio da contaminação. Método: estudo experimental laboratorial, cujo corpo de prova foram trocarte e pinça laparoscópica. Utilizou-se esporos Geobacillus stearothermophillus ATCC-7953, com população microbiana de 106UFC/suporte de papel filtro, removidos do indicador biológico. Três deles foram introduzidos no interior de cada instrumento, no momento da montagem, sendo esterilizados a vapor saturado sob pressão, 134oC por 5 minutos. Depois da esterilização, o instrumental foi desmontado, e cada suporte de papel filtro foi inoculado em meio de cultura de caseína soja, incubado a 56oC por 21 dias. Não havendo crescimento, foram submetidos a um choque térmico de 80oC, por 20 minutos e reincubados por 72 horas. Tamanho da amostra, 185 pinças e 185 trocartes, com poder de 95%. Os experimentos foram acompanhados dos grupos controle negativo comparativo (5 pinças e 5 trocartes com contaminação desafio, esterilizados desmontados) e positivo (30 suportes de papel filtro, não esterilizados), submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos de incubação. Resultados: não houve nenhum crescimento microbiano nos grupos experimental e controle negativo. Os resultados do controle positivo foram satisfatórios. Conclusão: este estudo forneceu fortes evidências científicas para sustentar a segurança da prática de esterilização a vapor do instrumental laparoscópico montado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad de la esterilización a través de vapor, de instrumental laparoscópico previamente montado con desafío de contaminación. Método: estudio experimental en laboratorio, cuyo cuerpo de prueba fueron trócarte y pinza laparoscópica. Se utilizó esporas Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC-7953, con población microbiana de 106UFC/soporte de papel filtro, removidos del indicador biológico. Tres de ellos fueron introducidos en el interior de cada instrumento, en el momento del montaje, los que fueron esterilizados a vapor saturado bajo presión, 134oC por 5 minutos. Después de la esterilización, el instrumental fue desmontado y cada soporte de papel filtro fue inoculado en medio de una cultura de caseína y soya, incubado a 56oC por 21 días. No habiendo crecimiento, fueron sometidos a un choque térmico de 80oC, por 20 minutos y nuevamente incubados por 72 horas. La muestra estuvo constituida por 185 pinzas y 185 trócartes, con poder de 95%. Los experimentos fueron acompañados en los grupos: control negativo comparativo (5 pinzas y 5 trócartes con contaminación desafío, esterilizados desmontados) y positivo (30 soportes de papel filtro, no esterilizados), sometidos a los mismos procedimientos de incubación. Resultados: no se encontró crecimiento microbiano en los grupos experimental y control negativo. Los resultados del control positivo fueron satisfactorios. Conclusión: este estudio suministra fuertes evidencias científicas para sustentar que la práctica, de esterilización a vapor del instrumental laparoscópico montado, es segura.

Laparoendoscopic single-site versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for ovarian mature cystic teratoma

OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) versus conventional laparoscopic surgery in women with ovarian mature cystic teratoma. METHODS: A retrospective review of 303 women who underwent LESS (n=139) or conventional laparoscopic surgery (n=164) due to ovarian mature cystic teratoma was performed. Intra- and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no intergroup difference in age, body weight, height, body mass index, comorbidities, tumor size, bilaterality of tumor, or the type of surgery. However, more patients in the LESS group had a history of previous abdominal surgery (19.4% vs. 6.7%, P=0.001). Surgical outcomes including operating time (89 vs. 87.8 minutes, P=0.734), estimated blood loss (69.4 vs. 68.4 mL, P=0.842), transfusion requirement (2.2% vs. 0.6%, P=0.336), perioperative hemoglobin level change (1.3 vs. 1.2 g/dL, P=0.593), postoperative hospital stay (2.0 vs. 2.1 days, P=0.119), and complication rate (1.4% vs. 1.8%, P=0.999) did not differ between LESS and conventional groups. Postoperative pain scores measured using a visual analogue scale were significantly lower in the LESS group at 8 hours (P=0.021), 16 hours (P=0.034), and 32 hours (P=0.004) after surgery, and 32 of 139 patients (23%) in the LESS group and 78 of 164 patients (47.6%) in the conventional group required at least one additional analgesic (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: LESS was feasible and showed comparable surgical outcomes with conventional laparoscopic surgery for women with ovarian mature cystic teratoma. LESS was associated with less postoperative pain and required less analgesia.

Laparoscopic Partial Fundoplication in Case of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patient with Absent Esophageal Motility

The surgical indications for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with esophageal motility disorders have been debated. We report a case of antireflux surgery performed in a patient with absent esophageal motility as categorized by the Chicago classification (2011). A 54-year-old man underwent laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication due to apparent GERD and desire to discontinue all medications. After surgery, his subjective symptoms improved. Furthermore, objective findings including manometry and 24-hour pH-metry also improved. In our experience, antireflux surgery can improve GERD symptoms patients, even with absent esophageal motility.