Application of analgesia and sedation under BIS monitoring combined with hydraulic coupling intracranial pressure monitoring in severe craniocerebral injury / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical value of analgesia and sedation under bispectral index (BIS) monitoring combined with hydraulic coupled intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in severe craniocerebral injury (sTBI).@*METHODS@#(1) A prospective self-controlled parallel control study was conducted. A total of 32 patients with sTBI after craniotomy admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First People's Hospital of Huzhou from December 2020 to July 2021 were selected as the research objects. ICP was monitored by Codman monitoring system and hydraulically coupled monitoring system, and the difference and correlation between them were compared. (2) A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. A total of 108 sTBI patients admitted to the ICU of the First People's Hospital of Huzhou from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected patients were divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method. All patients were given routine treatment after brain surgery. On this basis, the ICP values of the patients in group A (35 cases) were monitored by Codman monitoring system, the ICP values of the patients in group B (40 cases) were monitored by hydraulic coupling monitoring system, and the ICP values of the patients in group C (33 cases) were monitored combined with hydraulic coupling monitoring system, and the analgesia and sedation were guided by BIS. The ICP after treatment, cerebrospinal fluid drainage time, ICP monitoring time, ICU stay time, complications and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 6 months after surgery were compared among the 3 groups. In addition, patients in group B and group C were further grouped according to the waveforms. If P1 = P2 wave or P2 and P3 wave were low, they were classified as compensatory group. If the round wave or P2 > P1 wave was defined as decompensated group, the GOS scores of the two groups at 6 months after operation were compared.@*RESULTS@#(1) There was no significant difference in ICP values measured by Codman monitoring system and hydraulic coupling monitoring system in the same patient (mmHg: 11.94±1.76 vs. 11.88±1.90, t = 0.150, P = 0.882; 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa). Blan-altman analysis showed that the 95% consistency limit (95%LoA) of ICP values measured by the two methods was -4.55 to 4.68 mmHg, and all points fell within 95%LoA, indicating that the two methods had a good correlation. (2) There were no significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid drainage time, ICP monitoring time, ICU stay time, and incidence of complications such as intracranial infection, intracranial rebleeding, traumatic hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and accidental extubation among the 3 groups of sTBI patients (P > 0.05 or P > 0.017). The ICP value of group C after treatment was significantly lower than that of group A and group B (mmHg: 20.94±2.37 vs. 25.86±3.15, 26.40±3.09, all P < 0.05), the incidence of pulmonary infection (9.1% vs. 45.7%, 42.5%), seizure (3.0% vs. 31.4%, 30.0%), reoperation (3.0% vs. 31.4%, 40.0%), and poor prognosis 6 months after operation (33.3% vs. 65.7%, 65.0%) were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (all P < 0.017). According to the hydraulic coupling waveform, GOS scores of 35 patients in the compensated group were significantly higher than those of 38 patients in the decompensated group 6 months after operation (4.03±1.18 vs. 2.39±1.50, t = 5.153, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The hydraulic coupled intracranial pressure monitoring system has good accuracy and consistency in measuring ICP value, and it can better display ICP waveform changes than the traditional ICP monitoring method, and has better prediction value for prognosis evaluation, which can replace Codman monitoring to accurately guide clinical work. In addition, analgesia and sedation under BIS monitoring combined with hydraulic coupled ICP monitoring can effectively reduce ICP, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the prognosis, which has high clinical application value.

Research progress on minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose detection methods / 生物医学工程学杂志

Blood glucose monitoring has become the weakest point in the overall management of diabetes in China. Long-term monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients has become an important means of controlling the development of diabetes and its complications, so that technological innovations in blood glucose testing methods have far-reaching implications for accurate blood glucose testing. This article discusses the basic principles of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing assays, including urine glucose assays, tear assays, methods of extravasation of tissue fluid, and optical detection methods, etc., focuses on the advantages of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing methods and the latest relevant results, and summarizes the current problems of various testing methods and prospects for future development trends.

Design of flexible wearable sensing systems / 生物医学工程学杂志

The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The non-invasive wearable sensing system can continuously and real-time monitor important physiological signs of the human body and evaluate health status. In addition, it can provide efficient and convenient information feedback, thereby reducing the health risks caused by chronic diseases in the elderly. A wearable system for detecting physiological and behavioral signals was developed in this study. We explored the design of flexible wearable sensing technology and its application in sensing systems. The wearable system included smart hats, smart clothes, smart gloves, and smart insoles, achieving long-term continuous monitoring of physiological and motion signals. The performance of the system was verified, and the new sensing system was compared with commercial equipment. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed system presented a comparable performance with the existing system. In summary, the proposed flexible sensor system provides an accurate, detachable, expandable, user-friendly and comfortable solution for physiological and motion signal monitoring. It is expected to be used in remote healthcare monitoring and provide personalized information monitoring, disease prediction, and diagnosis for doctors/patients.

Development of intelligent monitoring system based on Internet of Things and wearable technology and exploration of its clinical application mode / 生物医学工程学杂志

Wearable monitoring, which has the advantages of continuous monitoring for a long time with low physiological and psychological load, represents a future development direction of monitoring technology. Based on wearable physiological monitoring technology, combined with Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence technology, this paper has developed an intelligent monitoring system, including wearable hardware, ward Internet of Things platform, continuous physiological data analysis algorithm and software. We explored the clinical value of continuous physiological data using this system through a lot of clinical practices. And four value points were given, namely, real-time monitoring, disease assessment, prediction and early warning, and rehabilitation training. Depending on the real clinical environment, we explored the mode of applying wearable technology in general ward monitoring, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and integrated monitoring inside and outside the hospital. The research results show that this monitoring system can be effectively used for monitoring of patients in hospital, evaluation and training of patients' cardiopulmonary function, and management of patients outside hospital.

Wearable devices: Perspectives on assessing and monitoring human physiological status / 生物医学工程学杂志

This review article aims to explore the major challenges that the healthcare system is currently facing and propose a new paradigm shift that harnesses the potential of wearable devices and novel theoretical frameworks on health and disease. Lifestyle-induced diseases currently account for a significant portion of all healthcare spending, with this proportion projected to increase with population aging. Wearable devices have emerged as a key technology for implementing large-scale healthcare systems focused on disease prevention and management. Advancements in miniaturized sensors, system integration, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, 5G, and other technologies have enabled wearable devices to perform high-quality measurements comparable to medical devices. Through various physical, chemical, and biological sensors, wearable devices can continuously monitor physiological status information in a non-invasive or minimally invasive way, including electrocardiography, electroencephalography, respiration, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood glucose, activity, and more. Furthermore, by combining concepts and methods from complex systems and nonlinear dynamics, we developed a novel theory of continuous dynamic physiological signal analysis-dynamical complexity. The results of dynamic signal analyses can provide crucial information for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Wearable devices can also serve as an important bridge connecting doctors and patients by tracking, storing, and sharing patient data with medical institutions, enabling remote or real-time health assessments of patients, and providing a basis for precision medicine and personalized treatment. Wearable devices have a promising future in the healthcare field and will be an important driving force for the transformation of the healthcare system, while also improving the health experience for individuals.

Monitoring physiological and biochemical indices in the systematic training of sprinters / Monitoramento de índices fisiológicos e bioquímicos no treino sistemático de velocistas / Monitoreo de los índices fisiológicos y bioquímicos en el entrenamiento sistemático de velocistas

ABSTRACT Introduction This paper studies physiological and biochemical indicators in the systematic training of sprinters. This paper analyzes the data measured during the athletes' training process and studies the detailed data of their physical functions. Objective This study aimed to find a link between exercise data and biochemical indicator data in sprinter athletes. By analyzing the data from this article, the researchers were able to find the optimal training program for the athletes. Methods High-intensity aerobic training tests were performed with statistical analysis of various physiological and biochemical indicators. Results Hemoglobin data were shown to be highly sensitive to intensity. The researchers found that long-term high-load training in athletes can lead to physical fatigue. This fatigue production is positively correlated with the intensity of the training load. Conclusion There is a strong positive correlation between biochemical and physiological indicators on performance levels in sprinter athletes. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução Este artigo estuda o monitoramento de indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos no treino sistemático de velocistas. Este documento analisa os dados medidos durante o processo de treino das atletas e estuda os dados detalhados de suas funções físicas. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar uma ligação entre os dados de exercício e os dados de indicadores bioquímicos nas atletas velocistas. Ao analisar as informações deste artigo, os pesquisadores conseguiram encontrar um programa de treino ideal para as atletas. Métodos Foram empegadas experiências de treino aeróbico de alta intensidade, com análise estatística de vários indicadores fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Resultados Os dados de hemoglobina mostraram-se altamente sensíveis à intensidade. Os pesquisadores descobriram que o treino a longo prazo de alta carga em atletas pode acarretar numa fadiga física. Essa produção de fadiga está positivamente correlacionada com a intensidade da carga de treino. Conclusão Há uma forte correlação positiva entre indicadores bioquímicos e fisiológicos nos níveis de desempenho em atletas velocistas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción Este trabajo estudia el seguimiento de los indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos en el entrenamiento sistemático de los velocistas. Este artículo analiza los datos medidos durante el proceso de entrenamiento de los atletas y estudia los datos detallados de sus funciones físicas. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar una relación entre los datos del ejercicio y los datos de los indicadores bioquímicos en los atletas velocistas. Al analizar las informaciones de este artículo, los investigadores pudieron encontrar un programa de entrenamiento óptimo para los atletas. Métodos Se realizaron pruebas de entrenamiento aeróbico de alta intensidad con análisis estadístico de varios indicadores fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Resultados Los datos de la hemoglobina se mostraron muy sensibles a la intensidad. Los investigadores descubrieron que el entrenamiento de alta carga a largo plazo en los atletas puede conducir a la fatiga física. Esta producción de fatiga está positivamente correlacionada con la intensidad de la carga de entrenamiento. Conclusión Existe una fuerte correlación positiva entre los indicadores bioquímicos y fisiológicos en los niveles de rendimiento de los atletas velocistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Alterações em exames citopatológicos realizados em Unidade Básica de Saúde: um estudo analítico transversal / Alterations in cytopathological tests performed in a Basic Health Unit: a cross-cutting analytical study

Objetivo: Com o presente estudo, buscou-se verificar a quantidade de exames de colpocitologia oncótica coletados em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) escolhida, determinar quantas e quais são as alterações encontradas nesses exames e quais foram as condutas e acompanhamentos realizados em pacientes com exames alterados. Métodos: Foram analisados 446 exames de colpocitologia oncótica realizados em uma UBS do centro-oeste do Paraná. As pacientes com exame alterado foram selecionadas e foi feita uma análise desses prontuários a fim de verificar a conduta e o acompanhamento dessas pacientes. Resultados: Foram encontrados 32 exames com alterações, sendo três de uma mesma paciente. Dessas 30 pacientes, a grande maioria correspondia a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), possivelmente não neoplásicas, e 28 pacientes retornaram para receber uma conduta inicial, sendo principalmente o encaminhamento para a coleta de novo preventivo em seis meses ao serviço de oncologia clínica. Conclusão: O presente estudo concluiu que a hipótese principal foi verdadeira, a qual foi descrita como prevalência significativa de lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau, embora não seja a mais frequente, e descontinuidade por parte das pacientes que obtiveram esse resultado. Além disso, notou-se grande encaminhamento à atenção terciária, o que não é indicado pelo Ministério da Saúde.(AU)

Objective: With the present study, we sought to verify the amount of cytopathological tests collected in the chosen basic health unit, to determine how many and what are the alterations found in these tests and what were the conducts and follow-ups performed in patients with altered exams. Methods: We analyzed 446 preventive tests performed in a basic health unit in the Midwest of Paraná, and patients with altered examination were selected and an analysis of these medical records was made in order to verify the conduct and follow-up of the patients. Results: Thirty-two tests with alterations were performed, 3 of which were the same patient. Of these 30 patients, the vast majority corresponded to atypical cells of squamous meaning ­ possibly non-neoplastic (ASC-US), and 28 patients returned to receive an initial approach, mainly being referred to the collection of preventive new in 6 months and to the clinical oncology service. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the main hypothesis was true, which was described as a significant prevalence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), although not the most frequent, and discontinuity on the part of the patients who obtained this result. In addition, there was a large referral to tertiary care, which is not indicated by the Ministry of Health.(AU)

Modos ventilatorios usados en pacientes críticos con covid-19 en la región de Lombardía, Italia / Ventilation modes used in critical patient with COVID-19 in the region of Lombardy, Italy

RESUMEN Introducción: la covid-19 es una enfermedad donde la ventilación mecánica artificial cobra vital importancia. Se estima que el 50 % de los casos graves o críticos que requieren manejo en unidades de cuidados intensivos fallecen. Objetivos: se evaluó el impacto de los modos ventilatorios usados en pacientes con covid-19 en Lombardía, Italia, en la oxigenación, la hemodinámica y la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico longitudinal retrospectivo en 86 pacientes críticos con covid-19, en el Hospital Mayor de Crema, en Lombardía, Italia, desde el 1 de abril al 20 de mayo de 2020. Se realizaron análisis no paramétrico y de la varianza. Resultados: Hubo una supervivencia del 76,7 %. El modo utilizado tuvo igual comportamiento en occisos (BiPAP-3, PCV-4, VCRP-4, APRV-5, VCV-4) y en vivos (BiPAP-10, PCV-17, VCRP-14, APRV-15, VCV-10); test de x2 = 0,59; test de análisis de la varianza media índice PO2/FIO2 (PCV = 132), (BiPAP = 132) (VCV = 115) p = 0,924. La presión de final de espiración positiva (BiPAP-12, PCV-13, VCRP-13, APRV-13, VCV-14) con p = 0,205. PCO2 (BiPAP-55, PCV-52, VCRP-57, APRV-59, VCV-57) con p = 0,512. La tensión arterial media (BiPAP-84, PCV-83, VCRP-84, APRV-82, VCV-83) con p = 0,988. Modelos de cálculo de la presión de final de espiración positiva, según modo ventilatorio: BiPAP: PEEP = -0,0331 (índice PO2/FiO2) +18,215; PCV: PEEP = -0,0047 (índice PO2/FiO2) +13,717; VCRP: PEEP = -0,0204 (índice PO2/FiO2) +15,678; APRV: PEEP = -0,0092 (índice PO2/FiO2) +14,889. Conclusiones: la evolución del paciente crítico con covid-19 está determinada en gran medida por la ventilación mecánica invasiva; sin embargo, no existió suficiente evidencia para recomendar una u otra modalidad ventilatoria. El éxito está en conocer con exactitud las características del respirador, su modalidad y el paciente en cuestión. (AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease in which mechanical ventilation acquires vital importance. It is estimated that 50 % of the serious and critical patients requiring management in intensive care units die. Objectives: to assess the impact of the ventilation modes used in patients with COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy, on oxygenation, hemodynamics and mortality. Materials and methods: a retrospective, longitudinal, analytic study was carried out in 86 critical patients with COVID-19 who entered the Main Hospital of Crema, in Lombardy, Italy, from April 1st to May 20, 2020. Results: the survival was 76.7 %. The used mode showed the same behavior in deceased patients (BiPAP-3, PCV-4, VCRP-4, APRV-5, VCV-4) and in alive patients (BiPAP-10, PCV-17, VCRP-14, APRV-15, VCV-10). X2 = 0.59. ANOVA test index PO2/FIO2 (PCV = 132), (BiPAP = 132) (VCV=115) p = 0.924. PEEP (BiPAP-12, PCV-13, VCRP-13, APRV-13, VCV-14) p = 0.205. PCO2 (BiPAP-55, PCV-52, VCRP-57, APRV-59, VCV-57) p = 0.512. Average blood pressure (BiPAP-84, PCV-83, VCRP-84, APRV-82, VCV-83) p = 0.988. PEEP models according to ventilation mode: BiPAP: PEEP = -0.0331 (PO2/FiO2 index) +18.215. PCV: PEEP = -0.0047 (PO2/FiO2 index) + 13.717; VCRP: PEEP = -0.0204 (PO2/FiO2 index) + 15.678; APRV: PEEP = -0.0092 (PO2/FiO2 index) +14.889. Conclusion: the evolution of the critical patient with COVID-19 is determined mostly by the invasive mechanical ventilation; but we did not find evidence enough to recommend one or the other ventilation mode. The success stands in knowing accurately the characteristics of the ventilator, the ventilation modes and the patient (AU).

Comparison of high-level athlete training between chinese and american universities based on the internet of things / Comparação do treinamento de atletas de alto nível entre universidades chinesas e americanas com baseado na internet das coisas / Comparación de la formación de atletas de alto nivel en colegios y universidades chinos y estadounidenses basada en la tecnología de internet de las cosas

ABSTRACT In order to improve the training quality of high-level athletes in Chinese and American universities, an athlete's sports information transmission model is designed based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The communication protocol between Ayla module and the main motion control board, Ayla module and client APP or cloud platform, and APP and cloud platform in the system is designed in detail. For the Ayla module, the most important hardware part of the system, the internal composition and software design are described. In the mobile phone client part that is closely related to the user, the MVC architecture is adopted, the singleton and agent design patterns are utilized, and the functional design of each part is elaborated, including APP interface animation, data transmission format, network communication, and database storage. The research results show that the system of this study can handle most of the athlete training information, and the prediction accuracy exceeds the traditional algorithm. This research study is of great significance for improving the training efficiency of high-level athletes and further expanding the scope of application of the IoT.

RESUMO A fim de melhorar a qualidade do treinamento de atletas de alto nível em universidades chinesas e americanas, um modelo de transmissão esportiva de informações esportivas é projetado com base na Internet das Coisas. Projetou-se em detalhes o protocolo de comunicação entre o módulo Ayla e a placa de controle principal de movimento, o módulo Ayla e o aplicativo-cliente ou a plataforma de nuvem, o aplicativo e a plataforma de nuvem no sistema. Para o módulo Ayla, a parte de hardware mais importante do sistema, a composição interna e o projeto de software são descritos. Na parte do cliente de celular intimamente relacionada com o usuário, a arquitetura MVC é adotada, e os padrões de design de singleton e agente são utilizados, e o projeto funcional de cada parte é elaborado, incluindo animação de interface APP, formato de transmissão de dados, comunicação de rede e armazenamento de banco de dados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o sistema deste estudo pode lidar com a maioria das informações de treinamento de atletas, e a precisão da previsão excede o algoritmo tradicional. A pesquisa deste artigo é de grande significância para melhorar a eficiência de treinamento de atletas de alto nível e expandir ainda mais o âmbito de aplicação da Internet das Coisas.

RESUMEN A fin de mejorar la calidad del entrenamiento de atletas de alto nivel en universidades chinas y americanas, un modelo de transmisión deportiva de informaciones deportivas es proyectado basándose en la Internet de las Cosas. Se proyectó en detalles el protocolo de comunicación entre el módulo Ayla y la placa de control principal de movimiento, el módulo Ayla y el aplicativo-cliente o la plataforma de nube, el aplicativo y la plataforma de nube en el sistema. Para el módulo Ayla, la parte de hardware más importante del sistema, la composición interna y el proyecto de software son descritos. En la parte del cliente de celular íntimamente relacionada con el usuario, la arquitectura MVC es adoptada, y los estándares de diseño de singleton y agente son utilizados, y el proyecto funcional de cada parte es elaborado, incluyendo animación de interface APP, formato de transmisión de datos, comunicación de red y almacenamiento de banco de datos. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el sistema de este estudio puede lidiar con la mayoría de las informaciones de entrenamiento de atletas, y la precisión de la previsión excede el algoritmo tradicional. La investigación de este artículo es de gran significación para mejorar la eficiencia de entrenamiento de atletas de alto nivel y expandir aún más el ámbito de aplicación de la Internet de las Cosas.

Construction of intelligent campus tennis players' body data monitoring and injury warning system based on data fusion / Construção de sistema inteligente de monitoramento de dados corporais e alerta de lesões para jogadores de tênis baseado na fusão de dados / Construcción de un sistema inteligente de monitoreo de datos físicos y alerta temprana de lesiones para jugadores de tenis del campus basado en la fusión de datos

ABSTRACT As far as competitive sports are concerned, scientifically organizing the training process and strictly following the training rules are the only way to success. Tennis is the foundation of all sports. It develops physical and motor skills in a comprehensive and effective manner. Biomechanical diagnosis is mainly carried out on the basis of force-time curve recording of different movement modes, and the generated data is processed by computer through a special measuring device. The main purpose of this study is to use data fusion technology to analyze and evaluate the injury factors involved in various sports. Based on this, a dynamic chain model for early warning of sports injury risk factors is established, which can provide a reference for athletes to avoid and reduce the risk of injuries and ensure normal training and competition. In tennis training, scientific training monitoring is applied to diagnose and monitor athletes' physical function and psychological state. Conduct humanized and scientific management of the training process.

RESUMO No que se refere aos esportes competitivos, a organização científica do processo de treinamento e o cumprimento estrito das regras de treinamento são a única forma de êxito. O tênis é a base de todos os esportes. O tênis desenvolve competências físicas e motoras de uma forma abrangente e eficaz. O diagnóstico biomecânico é realizado principalmente com base na gravação da curva força-tempo de diferentes modos de movimento, e os dados gerados são processados pelo computador através de um dispositivo de medição especial. O objetivo principal deste estudo é usar a tecnologia de fusão de dados para analisar e avaliar vários fatores de lesão esportiva. Com base nisso, estabelece-se um modelo dinâmico de cadeia para o alerta precoce de fatores de risco de lesão esportiva, podendo fornecer uma referência para que os atletas evitem e reduzam o risco de lesão e garantam a normalidade dos treinos e das competições. No treinamento de tênis, aplica-se o monitoramento de treinamento científico para diagnosticar e monitorar a função física dos atletas e seu estado psicológico. Conduzir a gestão humanizada e científica do processo de treinamento.

RESUMEN En lo que se refiere a los deportes competitivos, la organización científica del proceso de entrenamiento y el cumplimiento estricto de las reglas de entrenamiento son la única forma de éxito. El tenis es la base de todos los deportes. El tenis desarrolla competencias físicas y motoras de una forma abarcadora y eficaz. El diagnóstico biomecánico es realizado principalmente basándose en la grabación de la curva fuerza-tiempo de diferentes modos de movimiento, y los datos generados son procesados por la computadora por medio de un dispositivo de medición especial. El objetivo principal de este estudio es usar la tecnología de fusión de datos para analizar y evaluar varios factores de lesión deportiva. Sobre esa base, se establece un modelo dinámico de cadena para la alerta precoz de factores de riesgo de lesión deportiva, pudiendo proveer una referencia para que los atletas eviten y reduzcan el riesgo de lesión y garanticen la normalidad de los entrenamientos y de las competencias. En el entrenamiento de tenis, se aplica el monitoreo de entrenamiento científico para diagnosticar y monitorear la función física de los atletas y su estado psicológico. Conducir la gestión humanizada y científica del proceso de entrenamiento.

Función pulmonar: medición continua de la saturación del pulso arterial de oxígeno: propuesta para interpretación / Continuous measurement of oxygen arterial pulse saturation: an interpretation proposal

La medición continua de la saturación de pulso arterial de oxígeno (SpO2) es un método no invasivo, confiable y seguro. El consolidado permite obtener valores promedio de SpO2 y frecuencia cardiaca, gráficos y valores acumulados, rangos de valores de SpO2, que permiten definir si existe o no alguna alteración. Los avances tecnológicos han dado paso a la fabricación de equipos con alta exactitud de las mediciones, mediante algoritmos matemáticos que filtran los artefactos debido a movimientos y/o hipoperfusión. La ventaja, es una mayor precisión para determinar estados de hipoxemia en distintas situaciones clínicas. Las principales indicaciones en pediatría son la determinación de hipoxemia y titulación de oxígeno en niños con enfermedades que comprometen el sistema respiratorio, especialmente displasia broncopulmonar. También se usa como screening para apneas obstructivas del sueño en rango moderado a severo en situaciones en que no es posible realizar poligrafía o polisomnografía, dado la facilidad con la que se puede realizar la medición continua de SpO2 en domicilio u hospitalizado. En este artículo se describen características importantes del procedimiento, y se propone un esquema para ordenar su interpretación.

Continuous measurement of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) is a non-invasive, reliable, and safe method. The consolidated allows obtaining average values of SpO2 and heart rate, graphs and accumulated values, ranges of SpO2 values, which allow defining whether or not there is any alteration. Technological advances have given way to the manufacture of equipment with high measurement accuracy, using mathematical algorithms that filter artifacts due to movements and/or hypoperfusion. The main indications are the diagnosis of hypoxemia and titration of oxygen requirements in patients with chronic lung damage and other diseases that compromise the respiratory system. Also, it is used as screening of moderate to severe obstructive apneas when other sleep studies, such as polysomnography or polygraphy, are not available. It can be done at home or hospitalized. This article describes important characteristics of the procedure, and a scheme is proposed to order its interpretation.

Análisis de los datos de monitorización del ventilador para la toma de decisiones en ventilación mecánica invasiva crónica / Analysis of ventilator monitoring data for decision-making in chronic invasive mechanical ventilation

El uso de la ventilación mecánica invasiva crónica se ha incrementado progresivamente en pediatría. Su uso tiene importantes beneficios, pero también riesgos asociados. La terapia ventilatoria debe ser supervisada en forma constante y dentro de los métodos de evaluación clínica de la ventilación se encuentra el análisis de los datos de monitorización almacenados en la memoria interna del ventilador. Estos datos contienen información almacenada durante el uso del ventilador que puede ayudarnos a tomar decisiones. Es importante considerar que la precisión de la información depende de la tecnología del ventilador y los componentes utilizados. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer la utilidad y limitaciones de la información de monitorización del ventilador mecánico en pacientes usuarios de ventilación mecánica crónica por traqueostomía, junto con describir su interpretación estructurada en forma sencilla y con ejemplos clínicos.

Long-term mechanical ventilation has increased in pediatric patients. Its use has important benefits, but also associated risks. Ventilatory therapy must be constantly monitored, and ventilator data analysis it's one of the evaluation methods. The device data contains information stored during the ventilator use and can help us with therapy decisions. The information accuracy depends on ventilator technology and the components that are used for ventilation. The objective of this review is to present the usefulness and limitations of the information on mechanical ventilator monitoring devices in patients using chronic mechanical ventilation by tracheostomy describing and structured interpretation in a simple way with the use of clinical examples.

Noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Monitorização não invasiva da hemoglobina em ensaios clínicos: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract Background and objectives: The measurement of hemoglobin concentration (Hb) by co-oximetry is an innovative technique that offers efficiency and agility in the processing of information regarding the measurement of Hb obtained through continuous, non-invasive and rapid monitoring. Because of this attribute, it avoids unnecessary exposures of the patient to invasive procedures by allowing a reduction in the number of blood samples for evaluation and other unnecessary therapies. It also helps to make decisions about the need for transfusion and how to handle it. The objective of this study is to compare the performance offered to obtain Hb values between the Masimo Corporation (Irvine, CA, USA) instrument and the standard gold tool (laboratory examination). Contents: The study corresponds to a systematic review followed by meta-analysis, which included fully registered full-text clinical trials published from 1990 to 2018. PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were investigated. The mean overall difference found between the non-invasive and invasive methods of hemoglobin monitoring was 0.23 (95% CI -0.16, 0.62), that is, it did not present statistical significance (p = 0.250). The results of the analysis of heterogeneity within and between the studies indicated high levels of inconsistency (Q = 461.63, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98%), method for Hb values. Conclusions: Although the mean difference between noninvasive measurements of Hb and the gold standard method is small, the co-oximeter can be used as a non-invasive "trend" monitor in detecting unexpected responses at Hb levels.

Resumo Justificativa: A medida da concentração de hemoglobina (Hb)por co-oximetria é uma técnica inovadora que oferece eficiência e agilidade no processamento das informações referentes à medida da concentração de hemoglobina obtida por meio de monitorização contínua, não-invasiva e rápida. Por conta desse atributo, evita exposições desnecessárias do paciente a procedimentos invasivos ao possibilitar redução da quantidade de amostras sanguíneas para avaliação e de outras terapêuticas desnecessárias. Além disso, auxilia a tomada de decisões quanto à necessidade de transfusão e quanto ao manejo da mesma. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho oferecido para a obtenção dos valores de concentração de hemoglobina entre medida não invasiva da Hb e a ferramenta padrão ouro (exame laboratorial). Conteúdo: O estudo corresponde a uma revisão sistemática seguida de metanálise que incluiu ensaios clínicos devidamente registrados com texto completo, publicados a partir de 1990 até 2018. Foram investigadas as bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase e Web Of Science. A diferença média global encontrada entre os métodos não invasivo e invasivo de monitorização da hemoglobina foi de 0,23 (95% IC -0,16; 0,62), ou seja, não apresentou significância estatística (p = 0,250). Os resultados da análise de heterogeneidade dentro e entre os estudos, apontou níveis elevados de inconsistência (Q = 461,63, p< 0,0001, I2 = 98%). Conclusão: Embora a diferença média entre as medidas não invasivas da Hb e o método padrão ouro sejam pequenas, o co-oxímetro pode ser utilizado como um monitor não invasivo de "tendência" na detecção de alterações inesperadas nos níveis de Hb.

Monitorización cardio respiratoria domiciliaria en lactantes / Home respiratory cardio monitoring in infants

Home cardio-respiratory monitoring began over 40 years ago with the aim of preventing sudden infant death. Although it has been shown that monitoring does not meet this objective, its prescription has been maintained in various clinical situations and with very different criteria. Consensus on the subject has not been able to define precisely the type of monitoring or the time required for different diseases. Among the diseases that still consider the indication of cardio-respiratory monitoring at home are: persistent apnea of prematurity, high-risk BRUE (Brief Resolved Unexplained Events), neurological or metabolic diseases with compromise of the respiratory center, convulsive cough, pathologic gastroesophageal reflux and technology-dependent patients (high flow nasal cannula (CNAF), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) to tracheostomy, and others). A review is presented on the development of cardio-respiratory monitoring at home, highlighting the true usefulness of this technology with a general proposal, which must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and always taking into account the conditions that must be met to perform adequate monitoring and useful.

La monitorización cardio-respiratoria en domicilio se inició hace más de 40 años con el objetivo de prevenir la muerte súbita del lactante. Aun cuando se ha demostrado que la monitorización no cumple este objetivo, se ha mantenido su prescripción en diversas situaciones clínicas y con criterios muy diversos. Consensos acerca del tema no han llegado a definir con precisión el tipo de monitorización ni el tiempo requerido para distintas enfermedades. Dentro de las enfermedades que todavía consideran la indicación de monitorización cardio-respiratoria en domicilio se encuentran: apnea persistente del prematuro, BRUE (episodio breve resuelto inexplicado) de alto riesgo, enfermedades neurológicas o metabólicas con compromiso del centro respiratorio, tos convulsiva, reflujo gastroesofágico patológico y pacientes dependientes de tecnología (cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF), ventilación no invasiva (VNI), ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) a traqueostomía, y otros). Se presenta una revisión sobre el desarrollo de la monitorización cardio-respiratoria en domicilio, resaltando la verdadera utilidad que tendría esta tecnología con una propuesta general, que debe evaluarse caso a caso y siempre teniendo en cuenta las condiciones que deben cumplirse para realizar una monitorización adecuada y útil.

Remote monitoring of neonatal jaundice in newborns with ABO hemolytic disease / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility of remote monitoring of neonatal jaundice in newborns with ABO hemolytic disease.@*METHODS@#Forty six neonates of gestational age >35 weeks with ABO hemolytic disease admitted to Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 20th, 2020 to February 29th, 2020 were enrolled in the study (study group). The newborns were followed up at home after discharge, the transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) levels were measured by parents using the provided device and the results were sent to the doctor by smart phone using the installed APP. Fifty six newborns with ABO hemolytic disease admitted in 2018 who received conventional outpatient follow-up after discharge served as the control group. The demographic characteristics, total serum bilirubin (TSB) level during hospitalization, number of outpatient visit and rate of re-admission due to rebound hyperbilirubinemia were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, gender, length of the first hospitalization, TSB level before phototherapy and before discharge, and the managements during the first hospitalization (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#The remote follow-up for neonatal jaundice at home can effectively reduce the number of outpatient visits without increasing the risk of readmission and severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia for newborns with ABO hemolytic disease.

The use of the Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) in women after pregnancies: a descriptive study / Aplicação do Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) em mulheres após gestações: um estudo descritivo

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS) in women after pregnancies in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted with 705 hospitalized women. Vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) and lochia were registered on medical records and transcribed into the MEOWS chart of physiological parameters. On this graphic chart, yellow alerts were used to present moderate abnormalities in vital signs, while severe abnormalities were presented in red. The presence of at least one red alert or two yellow alerts were triggered to indicate the need for medical evaluation. Results: although abnormalities were found in the physiological parameters of 49.8% of the women identified from MEOWS triggers, medical evaluation was only requested for three patients (0.8%). Conclusions: in a retrospective application of the use of MEOWS showed a significant number of patients had triggered in which the nursing team did not recognize 99.2% of cases. This finding could be attributed to the fact that MEOWS has not been yet adopted in this service as part of the nursing care. The application of this tool would result in a better care because critical situations would be recognized and corrected quickly, avoiding unfavorable outcomes.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS) em mulheres após gestações, em um hospital terciário do Brasil. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo incluindo 705 mulheres internadas. Os sinais vitais (pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, temperatura) e lóquios, registrados no prontuário, foram transcritos para o gráfico de parâmetros fisiológicos do MEOWS. Neste gráfico, anormalidades moderadas nos sinais vitais eram sinalizadas por alertas amarelos, enquanto anormalidades graves eram sina-lizadas em vermelho. A presença de, pelo menos, um alerta vermelho ou dois alertas amarelos foi chamada de eventos gatilho, indicando necessidade de avaliação médica. Resultados: dentre as mulheres estudadas, 49,8% apresentaram anormalidades nos parâmetros fisiológicos, através da identificação de eventos gatilho no MEOWS, porém avaliação médica foi solicitada para apenas três pacientes, resultando num percentual de 0,8%. Conclusões: a utilização do MEOWS, de forma retrospectiva, evidenciou uma quantidade significativa de pacientes apresentando eventos gatilho, os quais não foram reconhecidos pela equipe de enfermagem em 99,2% dos casos. Este achado pode ser atribuído ao fato de o MEOWS ainda não ser adotado no serviço como parte da rotina dos cuidados de enfermagem. A aplicação dessa ferramenta resultaria numa assistência melhor, pois situações críticas seriam reconhecidas e corrigidas com maior precocidade, evitando desfechos desfavoráveis.

The effect of bispectral index monitoring on cognitive performance following sedation for outpatient colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring can positively affect cognitive performance through decreasing the use of sedative agents. We aimed to evaluate the effect of BIS monitoring on early cognitive performance among patients undergoing sedation for colonoscopy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled trial in a university hospital. METHODS: 100 patients were randomized into two groups. In the monitored group (n = 50), the depth of anesthesia was monitored using the BIS, and BIS scores were maintained between 60 and 80. In the usual care group (n = 50), BIS monitoring was not performed. To determine the patients' baseline cognitive performance levels, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Trieger dot test (TDT) and clock drawing test (CDT) were used. The patients' post-procedure cognitive performance levels were determined when they were classified as ready for discharge. RESULTS: The total volume (mg) of propofol used [median (range) IQR] in the sedation procedure was lower in the monitored group [100 (50-200) 100-140] than in the usual care group [150 (75-200) 100-200] (P < 0.001). The discharge scores [mean (SD)] using MMSE and CDT were higher in the monitored group [26 (3) and 3 (1), respectively] than in the usual care group [23 (3) and 2 (1), respectively] (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). The discharge scores using TDT [mean (SD)] were lower in the monitored group [11 (7)] than in the usual care group [15 (11)] (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: BIS monitoring among sedated patients was associated with lower propofol use and smaller decline in cognitive performance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000134325).

Cicloergômetro na melhora da função motora grossa de crianças com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão sistemática com meta-anális / Cicloergómetro en la mejora de la función motora gruesa de niños con parálisis cerebral: una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis / Cycle ergometer in the improvement of gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis

RESUMO A paralisia cerebral é um grupo de desordens neurológicas causadora de inúmeros déficits, principalmente relacionados à função motora, comprometendo os movimentos e o seu controle seletivo. Dentre as diversas terapias disponíveis para tentar amenizar esse processo, o cicloergômetro aparece como um aparato estacionário que tem por finalidade facilitar a movimentação dos membros inferiores. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do cicloergômetro na função motora grossa de crianças com paralisia cerebral através da escala Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, com inclusão de ensaios clínicos randomizados publicados até julho de 2017. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE (PubMed), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SciELO e Embase. Para a avaliação da qualidade metodológica das investigações foi utilizada a escala da Cochrane Handbook. Foram selecionados artigos que aplicaram o cicloergômetro em crianças com paralisia cerebral, comparadas a crianças com paralisia cerebral no grupo-controle ou em outra intervenção, e que avaliaram a função motora grossa com a GMFM. A revisão incluiu três artigos e um total de 127 pacientes. Os resultados mostraram um aumento nos valores da GMFM-66, porém não significativo estatisticamente nem relevantes para uma melhora clínica. Por meio desta revisão sistemática, verificou-se uma grande heterogeneidade nos estudos que abordam esta área e que, apesar do incremento de valores no grupo que realizou o cicloergômetro, não houve diferença estatística quando comparado ao grupo-controle, demonstrando não beneficiar a função motora grossa dessa população quando avaliada pela GMFM66.

RESUMEN La parálisis cerebral es un grupo de desórdenes neurológicos causantes de innumerables déficits, principalmente relacionados con la función motora, y que compromete los movimientos y su control selectivo. Entre las diversas terapias disponibles para intentar amenizar ese proceso, el cicloergómetro aparece como un aparato estacionario que tiene por finalidad facilitar el movimiento de los miembros inferiores. Por lo tanto, este estudio buscó analizar los efectos del cicloergómetro en la función motora gruesa de niños con parálisis cerebral por medio de la escala Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). Se trata de una revisión sistemática, con la inclusión de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados hasta julio de 2017. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos: MEDLINE (PubMed), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SciELO y Embase. En la evaluación de la calidad metodológica de las investigaciones se utilizó la escala de Cochrane Handbook. Se seleccionaron los artículos que aplicaron el cicloergómetro en niños con parálisis cerebral, comparados a niños con parálisis cerebral en el grupo control o el grupo intervención, y que evaluaron la función motora gruesa con la GMFM. La revisión incluyó tres artículos y un total de 127 pacientes. Los resultados mostraron un aumento en los valores de la GMFM-66, pero no fueron significativos estadísticamente ni relevantes para una mejora clínica. Por medio de esta revisión sistemática, se verificó una gran heterogeneidad en los estudios sobre esta área y que, a pesar del incremento de valores en el grupo que realizó el cicloergómetro, no hubo diferencia estadística cuando comparado al grupo control, demostrando que no benefició la función motora gruesa de esa población cuando evaluada por la GMFM-66.

ABSTRACT Cerebral palsy is a group of neurological disorders that causes innumerable deficits, mainly related to motor function, compromising movements and their selective control. Among the various therapies available to try to soften this process, the cycle ergometer appears as a stationary apparatus that aims to facilitate the movement of the lower limbs. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of the cycle ergometer on the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) scale. This was a systematic review, with inclusion of randomized clinical trials published until July 2017. The search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SciELO, and Embase. The Cochrane Handbook Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the investigations. We selected articles that applied the cycle ergometer in children with cerebral palsy, compared to children with cerebral palsy in the control group or other intervention, and that assessed gross motor function with GMFM. The review included three articles and a total of 127 patients. The results have shown a not statistically significant increase in GMFM-66 values, not relevant for clinical improvement. This systematic review has found great heterogeneity in the studies addressing this area and, despite the increase in values in the group that used the cycle ergometer, there was no statistical difference compared to the control group, showing that it does not benefit the gross motor function of this population, when evaluated by GMFM-66.