Hemograma e perfil bioquímico sérico, inclusive hemogasométrico, de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin / Blood cell counts and serum biochemical profile, including blood gas levels, in Salmonella Dublin-infected calves

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o hemograma e o perfil bioquímico sérico, inclusive hemogasométrico, de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com Salmonella Dublin. Foram utilizados 12 bezerros sadios da raça Holandesa com 10 a 15 dias de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais: grupo-controle (n= 6) e grupo infectado com 10(8)UFC de Salmonella Dublin (n=6). Os bezerros foram submetidos ao exame físico diário, e as amostras de sangue foram coletadas minutos antes da inoculação (0h) e 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 e 168h após a inoculação. Além do hemograma e das análises hemogasométricas, foram mensuradas as atividades séricas das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), creatina cinase (CK), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH), e os teores de albumina, bilirrubinas, cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, sódio, potássio, cloretos, creatinina, ferro, fibrinogênio, fósforo, glicose, magnésio, proteína totais e ureia. As principais alterações foram: redução das concentrações de albumina, ferro, glicose, magnésio e proteína total, aumento do teor de fibrinogênio, leucocitose e acidose metabólica e hiponatremia.

The blood cell counts and biochemical profile, including blood gas levels, were evaluated, in Salmonella Dublin-infected calves. Twelve healthy 10 to 15-day old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into two groups: control (n=6) and group orally infected with 10(8) CFU Salmonella Dublin (n=6). The calves were submitted to physical examination and the blood samples were taken just before the inoculation (0h) and at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168h later. Besides, blood cell counts, blood gas levels, and the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate desidrogenase (LDH), albumin, bilirubin, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, creatinine, iron, fibrinogen, phosphorus, glucose, magnesium, total protein, and urea were measured. The main findings included decrease in albumin, iron, glucose, magnesium, and total protein concentrations, and increase in fibrinogen level, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, and hyponatremia.

[Serologic profile of salmonella enteritidis in poultry flocks of Iran]

Salmonella Enteritidis [SE] is frequently isolated from poultry and humans. Chicken meat and egg are two important sources of SE infection for humans. This study was conducted to detect the SE infection in Iranian poultry farms using serological methods. A number of 8208 serum samples were provided from 171 poultry flocks [pullet, commercial layer, broiler breeder, layer breeder, grandparent breeder, and broiler] and were analyzed by rapid slide agglutination test [RSA] and ELISA. All samples were negative in RSA but 45% 1 of samples [from 112 flocks] contained anti-SE antibody in ELISA. The titres ranged 0.476-0.590, which were at low level and showed the value of ELISA vs. RSA. The results indicated that the poultry flocks had been infected with SE at least once during the course of production. This is the first comprehensive study, at this sample size, in Iran regarding the serologic profile of SE in poultry flocks and its findings are very important for poultry industry and the control strategy for SE infection

Salmonelosis extraintestinal: clínica, epidemiología y resistencia antimicrobiana / Salmonella extraintestinal infection: clinic features, epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance

Se evaluaron retrospectivamente las características clínicas de 59 pacientes con aislamientos extraintestinales de Salmonella enterica no Typhi y la resistencia antibiótica entre 1988 y 2004. En el 95% de los casos se conocieron las condiciones de base del huésped que consistieron en: enfermedad oncohematológica (15), lupus eritematoso sistémico (11), síndrome de inmuno deficiencia adquirida (10), pacientes internados en neonatología (8), colecistitis (4) y otras (7). Las formas clínicas halladas fueron: bacteriemias primarias (26), bacteriemias secundarias a gastroenteritis (15), artritis séptica (7), infección urinaria (12), infección intraabdominal (5), meningitis (1) y pericarditis (1). En 29 pacientes se aisló Salmonella enterica no Typhi en más de una localización. El 15,8% y el 21,0% de 59 aislamientos presentaron resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3ª generación y a ampicilina, respectivamente. Salmonella Agona causó un brote epidémico en la sala de cuidados intensivos de neonatología, aislándose de sangre en 5 pacientes y en uno también de LCR. Este serotipo fue multirresistente. Imipenem, trimetroprima-sulfometoxazol y ciprofloxacina fueron los antibióticos más activos (CIM 50: 0,5; 0,5 y 0,002 µg/mL, respectivamente).

The clinical and antimicrobial resistance of 59 patients with extraintestinal infection by nontyphi Salmonella was retrospectively evaluated from 1988 to 2004. In 95% of the patients there were underlying diseases, which included: oncohematologic disease (15), systemic lupus erythematosus (11), acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) (10), patients of neonatal units (8), colecistitis (4), and other disorders (7). The clinical manifestation were primary bacteremias (26), bacteremias secondary to gastroenteritis (15), arthritis (7), urinary tract infections (12), abdominal infections (5), meningitis (1) and pericarditis (1). In 29 patients Salmonella enterica no Typhi was isolated in more than one site. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins was observed in 15,8 % of these isolates, and resistance to ampicillin in 21,0%. Salmonella Agona was isolated from an outbreak in neonatal ICU; the organism was recovered from blood samples of five neonates and in one patient also isolated from CSF. These isolates showed multiresistance. Imipenem, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol and ciprofloxacin were the three most active antimicrobial agents (MIC 50: 0.5, 0.5 and 0.002 µg/mL, respectively).

Neonatal sepsis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden.

Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden is an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis occurring worldwide. For the first time, we report 2 cases of neonatal sepsis caused by S. Weltevreden from Hubli, India. In the first case, the neonate had features of septicemia and S. Weltevreden was isolated from a blood culture. The other neonate had omplalitis and clinical features of septicemia. S. enterica serovar Weltevreden was isolated from the umbilical swab culture of this neonate. Even though extensive investigations were conducted, the source of infection could not be identified. Both neonates recovered completely after appropriate antibiotic and supportive therapy.

Prevalence & phenotypic expression of sopB gene among clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Salmonella induced enteritis is a complex phenomenon involving a number of pathogenic factors. Type III secretions play a central role in the development of Salmonella induced enteritis. One such Type III secretion protein is Salmonella outer proteinB (SopB). Reports on the prevalence of this gene among different serovars of Salmonella of Indian origin appears to be lacking. The present investigation reports on the prevalence of sopB gene and its phenotypic expression (SopB protein) among different serovars of Salmonella enterica isolated from man and animals. METHODS: A total of 50 isolates of S. enterica belonging to 11 serovars isolated from cases of enteric infection in man, birds and animals were tested for the presence of sopB gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using its specific primers. The in vitro phenotypic expression of SopB protein was detected by dot-ELISA using anti-SopB serum. RESULTS: All the 50 isolates of S. enterica belonging to 11 were found to carry sopB gene irrespective of their serovars like Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Gallinarum, Choleraesuis, Virchow, etc., and source of isolation. Of these, 41 isolates were found to express sopB gene phenotypically as detected by dot- ELISA using anti-SopB serum. Of the different serovars, all but Gallinarum expressed Sop B protein phenotypically in vitro. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that sopB gene was wildely distributed and conserved among Salmonella irrespective of their serovars and source of isolation. Further work need to be done to study the factors associated with the phenotypic expression of this gene.

Identification and sequencing of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates obtained from patients with perforation and non-perforation typhoid fever.

We describe the characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, isolated from the blood of patients with perforation and non-perforation typhoid fever, by a combination of conventional microbiological tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and flagellin gene and CDP-tyvelose epimerase (rfbE) gene sequencing. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there were four base mutations from perforation samples and only three from non-perforation samples. These findings indicated that the isolates were a strain of Salmonella enterica. The flagellin gene sequences from the two groups were 100% identical to that of the H1-d flagellin gene of serovar Typhi. Sequences of the rfbE from both groups were also 100% identical.

Pancreatitis in enteric fever.

Pancreatitis in enteric fever is rare. We report two patients with enteric fever, one due to Salmonella typhi infection and other due to S. paratyphi, who on investigation were found to have pancreatitis. Both patients recovered uneventfully.

Proteína C reactiva en síndrome diarreico agudo / C-reactive protein in acute diarrhea syndrome

La proteína C reactiva se ha usado en múltiples enfermedades infecciosas en la orientación de la etiología viral o bacteriana; su utilidad en relación al síndrome diarreico agudo (SDA) se desconoce. Con la hipótesis que las infecciones bacterianas enteroinvasoras muestran un valor mayor de PCR que las virales, se estudiaron 47 niños con SDA. Se realizaron: PCR, 2 coprocultivos, tinción violeta bicarbonato de Hucker y aislamiento de rotavoris por inmunoelectroforesis. Se detectaron 11 casos con bacteria enteroinvasoras en deposiciones, 9 con rotavirus , 1 mixto y 26 pacientes con estudio etiológico negativo. Para las infecciones virales el promedio, mediana y rango de PCR fueron (mg/lt): 13,55; 8; (0-75) y para las bacterias invasoras fueron: 116,7; 116; (1-318) respectivamente (p<0,01). Ocho de 11 niños con infección bacteriana mostraron PCR > 30 mg/lt versus 1 de 9 con infección viral (p=0,0091); 7 de los primeros tuvieron valores > 100 mg/lt. Los resultados obtenidos confirman nuestra hipótesis