Реферат
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the geospatialization of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, from 2010 to 2021, and the correlation with socioeconomic, housing, and health indicators. METHODS An ecological study of Brazilian municipalities and states, with data from HIV and tuberculosis information systems, previously reported by the Ministry of Health. The crude and smoothed coefficients were calculated by the local empirical Bayesian method of incidence of coinfection per 100,000 inhabitants in the population aged between 18 and 59 years. Univariate (identification of clusters) and bivariate (correlation with 20 indicators) Moran's indices were used. RESULTS A total of 122,223 cases of coinfection were registered in Brazil from 2010 to 2021, with a mean coefficient of 8.30/100,000. The South (11.44/100,000) and North (9.93/100,000) regions concentrated the highest burden of infections. The coefficients dropped in Brazil, in all regions, in the years of covid-19 (2020 and 2021). The highest coefficients were observed in the municipalities of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Amazonas, with high-high clusters in the capitals, border regions, coast of the country. The municipalities belonging to the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Paraná, and Piauí showed low-low clusters. There was a direct correlation with human development indices and aids rates, as well as an indirect correlation with the proportion of poor or of those vulnerable to poverty and the Gini index. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection showed heterogeneity in the Brazilian territory and constant behavior throughout the period, revealing clusters with high-burden municipalities, especially in large urban centers and in states with a high occurrence of HIV and/or tuberculosis. These findings, in addition to alerting to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, can incorporate strategic planning for the control of coinfection, aiming to eliminate these infections as public health problems by 2030.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a geoespacialização da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, de 2010 a 2021, e a correlação com indicadores socioeconômicos, habitacionais e sanitários. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico dos municípios e estados brasileiros, com dados dos sistemas de informação do HIV e da tuberculose, previamente relacionados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram calculados os coeficientes brutos e suavizados pelo método bayesiano empírico local de incidência da coinfecção, por 100 mil habitantes, na população entre 18 e 59 anos. Empregaram-se os índices de Moran univariado (identificação de clusters) e bivariado (correlação com 20 indicadores). RESULTADOS Foram registrados 122.223 casos de coinfecção no Brasil, de 2010 a 2021, com coeficiente médio de 8,30/100 mil. As regiões Sul (11,44/100 mil) e Norte (9,93/100 mil) concentraram a maior carga das infecções. Houve queda dos coeficientes no Brasil, em todas as regiões, nos anos de covid-19 (2020 e 2021). Os maiores coeficientes foram visualizados nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, do Mato Grosso do Sul e do Amazonas, com aglomerados alto-alto nas capitais, em regiões de fronteira e no litoral do país. Os municípios pertencentes aos estados de Minas Gerais, da Bahia, do Paraná e do Piauí apresentaram clusters baixo-baixo. Houve correlação direta com os índices de desenvolvimento humano e as taxas de aids, bem como indireta com a proporção de pobres ou vulneráveis à pobreza e o índice de Gini. CONCLUSÕES A análise espacial da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV demonstrou heterogeneidade no território brasileiro e comportamento constante ao longo do período, revelando clusters com municípios de alta carga, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos e nos estados com ocorrência elevada do HIV e/ou da tuberculose. Esses achados, além de trazerem um alerta para os efeitos da pandemia da covid-19, podem incorporar o planejamento estratégico para o controle da coinfecção, visando à eliminação dessas infecções como problemas de saúde pública até 2030.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis , HIV , Coinfection , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate, using spatial analysis, the occurrence of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) and analyze its association with the municipal human development index (MHDI) and deforestation in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, from 2016 to 2020. METHODS This ecological study, carried out from January 2016 to December 2020, included the 62 municipalities of the state of Amazonas. The incidence rate of ACL was determined in space and time. Using Multiple Linear Regression by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Spatial Autoregressive Regression (SAR) models, the relationship between incidence rates and Human Development Index (HDI) and deforestation was analyzed., The high- and low-risk clusters were identified by employing the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. RESULTS A total of 7,499 cases of ACL were registered in all 62 municipalities in the state. Most cases were in male (n=5,924; 79.24%), with the greatest frequency in the population aged from 20 to 39 years (n=3,356; 44.7%). The incidence rate in the state of Amazonas was 7.34 cases per 100,000 inhabitants-year, with the municipalities of Rio Preto da Eva and Presidente Figueiredo showing the highest rates (1,377.5 and 817.5 cases per 100,000 population-year, respectively). The ACL cases were clustered into specific areas related to those municipalities with the highest incidence rates. The SAR model revealed a positive relationship between ACL and deforestation. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of ACL was evident in a variety of patterns in the state of Amazonas; the high incidence rates and persistence of this disease in this state were linked to deforestation. The temporal distribution showed variations in the incidence rates during each year. Our results can help optimize the measures needed to prevent and control this disease in the state.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Geographic Information Systems , Epidemiological Monitoring , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the spatial patterns of the quality of the structure of primary health care services and the teams' work process and their effects on infant mortality in Brazil. METHODS An ecological study of spatial aggregates, using the 5,570 municipalities in Brazil as the unit of analysis. Secondary databases from the Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB - National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care), the Mortality Information System (SIM), and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) were used. In 2018, the infant mortality rate was the outcome of the study, and the exposure variables were the proportion of basic health units (BHU) with adequate structure and work processes. Global and local Moran's indices were used to evaluate the degree of dependence and spatial autocorrelation. Spatial linear regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS In 2018, in Brazil, the infant mortality rate was 12.4/1,000 live births, ranging from 10.6/1,000 and 11.2/1,000 in the South and Southeast, respectively, to 14.1/1,000 and 14.5/1,000 in the Northeast and North regions, respectively. The proportion of teams with an adequate work process (β = −3.13) and the proportion of basic health units with an adequate structure (β = −0.34) were associated with a reduction in the infant mortality rate. Spatial autocorrelation was observed between smoothed mean infant mortality rates and indicators of the structure of primary health care services and the team's work process, with higher values in the North and Northeast of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the structure of primary health care services and the teams' work process with the infant mortality rate. In this sense, investment in the qualification of health care within the scope of primary health care can have an impact on reducing the infant mortality rate and improving child health care.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar os padrões espaciais da qualidade da estrutura dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e do processo de trabalho das equipes e seus efeitos na mortalidade infantil no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de agregados espaciais, empregando como unidade de análise os 5.570 municípios do Brasil. Foram utilizados bancos de dados secundários do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM) e do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Em 2018, a taxa de mortalidade infantil foi o desfecho do estudo, e as variáveis de exposição foram a proporção de unidade básica de saúde (UBS) com estrutura e processo de trabalho adequados. Os índices de Moran global e local foram usados para avaliar o grau de dependência e a autocorrelação espacial. Utilizou-se regressão linear espacial para análise de dados. RESULTADOS Em 2018, no Brasil, a taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 12,4/1.000 nascidos vivos, variando de 10,6/1.000 e 11,2/1.000 no Sul e no Sudeste, respectivamente, até 14,1/1.000 e 14,5/1.000, nas regiões Nordeste e Norte, respectivamente. A proporção de equipes com processo de trabalho adequado (β = - 3,13) e a de unidades básicas de saúde com estrutura adequada (β = - 0,34) foram associadas à redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil. Observou-se autocorrelação espacial entre as taxas de mortalidade infantil médias suavizadas e indicadores da estrutura dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e do processo de trabalho das equipes, com valores mais elevados no Norte e no Nordeste do Brasil. CONCLUSÕES Existe relação entre a estrutura dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde e o processo de trabalho das equipes com a taxa de mortalidade infantil. Neste sentido, o investimento na qualificação da atenção à saúde no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde pode impactar na redução da taxa de mortalidade infantil e na melhoria da atenção à saúde infantil.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Program Evaluation , Infant Mortality , Health Impact Assessment , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
Objetivo: Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o perfil clínico, epidemiológico e espacial daLeishmaniose Visceral, bem como, sua associação com o desmatamento nos municípios pertencentesao 12º centro regional de saúde no Sudeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil de 2016 a 2020. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico ecológico, realizado com dados provenientes de 15 municípios do 12º Centro Regional de Saúde, obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Data-SUS-TABNET, através do SINAN. Resultados: Para o período do estudo foram notificados 415 casos de LV nos municípios analisados, o que correspondeu a uma média anual de 83 casos. O ano com maior número de notifi- cações foi 2017, apresentando 34,7%, sendo o município de Redenção com o maior número de casos.Conclusões: Portanto, há necessidade de ampliação das medidas de controle e vigilância da LV, comfoco na notificação de casos, a fim de realizar a obtenção do panorama fidedigno da LV e elaborar estratégias mais assertivas para seu controle e mitigação.
Objective: This research aimed to determine the clinical, epidemiological and spatial profile of Vis- ceral Leishmaniasis, as well as its association with deforestation in the municipalities belonging to the 12th regional health center in the Southeast of Pará State, Brazil from 2016 to 2020. Method: Thisis an ecological analytical study, conducted with data from 15 municipalities of the 12th Regional Health Center, obtained through the Data-SUS-TABNET database, through SINAN. Results: For thestudy period, 415 cases of VL were reported in the analyzed municipalities, corresponding to an an-nual average of 83 cases. The year with the highest number of notifications was 2017, present- ing 34.7%, being the municipality of Redenção with the highest number of cases. Conclu- sion: Therefore,there is a need to expand VL control and surveillance measures, focusing on the notification of casesin order to obtain a reliable picture of VL and develop more assertive strategies for its control and mitigation.
Objetivo: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el perfil clínico, epidemiológico y espacial de la Leishmaniasis Visceral, así como su asociación con la deforestación en municipios pertenecientes al 12º Centro Regional de Salud del Sudeste del Estado de Pará, Brasil, de 2016 a 2020. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico ecológico, realizado com dados provenientes de 15 municípios do 12º Centro Regional de Saúde, obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Data-SUS-TABNET, através do SINAN. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, fueron notificados 415 casos de LV en los municipios analizados, correspondiendo a una media anual de 83 casos. El año con mayor número de notificaciones fue 2017, 34,7%, y el municipio de Redenção presentó el mayor número de casos. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, es necesario ampliar las medidas de control y vigilancia de la LV, centrándose en la notificación de casos con el fin de obtener una imagen fiable de la LV y desarrollar estrategias más asertivas para su control y mitigación.
Тема - темы
Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Health Surveillance/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Studies as Topic/methods , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Unified Health System , Health Strategies , Notification/statistics & numerical data , Spatial Analysis , One Health/statistics & numerical dataРеферат
Objetivo:analisar a distribuição e autocorrelação dos casos de dengue notificados no Paraná, nos períodos epidêmicos de 2015-2016 e 2019-2020.Método: estudo ecológico, tendo como unidade de análise as regiões de saúde e os municípios do Paraná. Utilizou-se dados de 2015-2016/2019-2020 do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Para análise, procedeu-se ao cálculo dos coeficientes de incidência e variação percentual por municípios. Ainda, empregou-se a estatística de Moran global e local.Resultados:maiores coeficientes de incidência foram nas macrorregiões Noroeste, Norte e Oeste, onde também foram identificadas variações percentuais positivas, indicando aumento na incidência entre epidemias. Por outro lado, a macrorregião Leste apresentou queda. Áreas de alto risco foram evidenciadas em maior número na macrorregião Noroeste, ao passo que a Leste apresentou maior área de baixo risco. Conclusões:existem áreas de alto risco para dengue no Paraná, demandando o direcionamento de ações no controle e manejo do agravo.
Objective:to analyze the distribution and autocorrelation of reported dengue cases in the Paraná, in the epidemic periods of 2015-2016 and 2019-2020. Method:ecological study, with the health regions and municipalities of Paraná as the unit of analysis. Data from 2015-2016/2019-2020 from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were used. For analysis, the incidence coefficients and percentage variation by municipalities were calculated. Also, global and local Moran statistics were used. Results:higher incidence coefficients were found in the Northwest, North and West macro-regions, where positive percentage variations were also identified, indicating an increase in incidence between epidemics. On the other hand, the East macro-region showed a decline. High-risk areas were evidenced in greater numbers in the Northwest macro-region, while the East had a larger low-risk area. Conclusions:there are areas of high risk for dengue in Paraná, demanding the direction of actions in the control and management of the disease.
Objetivo:analizar distribución y autocorrelación de casos de dengue notificados en el Paraná, en 2015-2016 y 2019-2020. Método:estudio ecológico, con las regiones de salud y los municipios de Paraná como unidad de análisis. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria. Para el análisis se calcularon los coeficientes de incidencia y variación porcentual por municipios. Además, se utilizaron estadísticas globales y locales de Moran. Resultados:se encontraron mayores coeficientes de incidencia en las macrorregiones Noroeste, Norte y Oeste, donde también se identificaron variaciones porcentuales positivas, indicando un aumento de la incidencia entre epidemias. La macrorregión Oriente mostró un descenso. Las áreas de alto riesgo se evidenciaron en Noroeste, mientras que el Este tuvo una mayor área de bajo riesgo.Conclusiones:existen áreas de alto riesgo para el dengue en Paraná, exigiendo la dirección de acciones en el control y manejo de la enfermedad.
Тема - темы
Public Health , Epidemiology , Dengue , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de identificar un ecosistema de endemismo urbano que explique la persistencia del SARS-CoV-2 durante los primeros 18 meses de la pandemia en el municipio de Petrópolis, Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se analizaron los registros oficiales de casos mensuales de COVID-19, georreferenciados según el domicilio de residencia de cada caso confirmado y se elaboraron mapas de calor mensuales que identifican puntos con diferentes densidades espaciales de la enfermedad mediante la aplicación de la metodología de kernel. Se identificaron puntos de calor con cinco niveles de intensidad para la densidad espacial de casos. Los puntos de mayor intensidad, conocidos como «hotspots¼, se mantuvieron constantes durante todo el período en un polígono de aproximadamente 4 km2 ubicado en el centro de la ciudad de Petrópolis. En conclusión, se encontró que la mayor concentración de casos se mantuvo en la misma ubicación a lo largo del tiempo, a pesar de la dispersión esporádica de los casos en el territorio municipal.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify an ecosystem of urban endemism that explains the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 during the first 18 months of the pandemic in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We analyzed official records of monthly COVID-19 cases, georeferenced according to the residence address of each confirmed case. Monthly heat maps identifying points with different spatial densities of the disease were constructed by applying the kernel methodology. Heat spots with five intensity levels were identified for the spatial density of cases. The points of highest intensity, known as hotspots, remained constant throughout the period in a polygon of approximately 4 km2 located in the center of the city of Petrópolis. In conclusion, we found that the highest concentration of cases remained in the same location over time, despite the sporadic dispersion of cases within the municipal territory.
Тема - темы
Spatial Analysis , Ecoepidemiology , Disease HotspotРеферат
Introdução: A tuberculose é um importante problema de saúde pública e atinge de maneira dessemelhante os espaços geográficos. Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial dos óbitos por tuberculose no Maranhão (Brasil) e sua associação com indicadores socioeconômicos. Método: Estudo ecológico dos óbitos por tuberculose no Maranhão, no período de 2010 a 2015, com unidade de análise, os municípios. Utilizou-se o índice de Moran global, correlograma e espalhamento do índice de Moran e para avaliar a associação espacial de óbitos por tuberculose com os indicadores socioeconômicos foram ajustados diferentes modelos espaciais condicionais autoregressivos. Resultados: No período, foram notificados 949 óbitos por tuberculose. Identificou-se uma forte dependência espacial na ocorrência dos óbitos. Por meio do modelo autoregressivo ajustado, constatou-se que aproximadamente 12% dos municípios possuem mais que 75% de chance de ocorrer um óbito por tuberculose e que o norte e a parte central do Estado são as regiões que concentram as maiores probabilidades de óbito. Conclusão: Houve forte dependência espacial na ocorrência de óbitos por TB, sendo esta afetada pelas taxas das áreas vizinhas. O índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal esteve negativamente associado com a taxa de óbitos por tuberculose e a renda média per capita apresentou associação positiva.
Introducción: La tuberculosis es un importante problema de salud pública y afecta a diferentes áreas geográficas. Objetivo: Analizar la distribución espacial de las muertes por tuberculosis en Maranhão (Brasil) y su asociación con indicadores socioeconómicos. Método: Estudio ecológico de las muertes por tuberculosis en Maranhão con municipios como unidad de análisis, entre 2010 y 2015. Se utilizaron el índice global de Moran, el correlograma y la dispersión del índice de Moran. Además, para evaluar la asociación espacial de las muertes por tuberculosis con los indicadores socioeconómicos, se ajustaron diferentes modelos espaciales autorregresivos condicionales. Resultados: Durante el período, se reportaron 949 muertes por tuberculosis. Se identificó una fuerte dependencia espacial en la ocurrencia de muertes. Utilizando el modelo espaciales autorregresivos condicionales ajustado, se encontró que, aproximadamente, el 12 % de los municipios tienen más del 75 % de probabilidad de muerte por tuberculosis. Además, que el norte y centro del estado son las regiones con mayor probabilidad de muerte por tuberculosis. Conclusión: Existió una fuerte dependencia espacial de la ocurrencia de muertes por tuberculosis, la cual fue afectada por las tasas en las áreas vecinas. El índice de desarrollo humano municipal se asoció negativamente con la tasa de muertes por tuberculosis y el ingreso per cápita promedio mostró una asociación positiva.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is an important public health problem that affects different geographical areas. Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of deaths from tuberculosis in Maranhão (Brazil) and its association with socioeconomic indicators. Method: Ecological study of tuberculosis deaths in Maranhão, from 2010 to 2015, using municipalities as the unit of analysis. The global Moran index, the correlogram, and the spread of the Moran index were used, and to assess the spatial association of tuberculosis deaths with socioeconomic indicators, different conditional autoregressive spatial models (CAR) were adjusted. Results: During the chosen period, 949 deaths from tuberculosis were reported. A strong spatial dependence was identified in the occurrence of deaths. Using the adjusted conditional autoregressive spatial model, it was found that approximately 12 % of the municipalities have more than a 75 % chance of death from tuberculosis and that the north and central parts of the state have the highest probability of death from tuberculosis. Conclusion: There was a strong spatial dependence on the occurrence of deaths from tuberculosis, which was affected by the rates in neighboring areas. The municipal human development index was negatively associated with the rate of deaths from tuberculosis and the average per capita income showed a positive association.
Тема - темы
Humans , Tuberculosis/mortality , Spatial Analysis , BrazilРеферат
OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose e sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos. MÉTODO: Estudo ecológico, misto, com análise espacial dos casos de tuberculose no estado da Paraíba, notificados no período de 2015 a 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram notificados 6.082 casos, com incidência média de 37,4/100 mil habitantes. Nenhum município foi classificado com desenvolvimento "muito baixo", embora exista significância estatística entre as taxas de incidência e os fatores socioambientais. CONCLUSÃO: O índice de Moran apontou autocorrelação positiva entre as áreas com altas incidências. O Moran Map releva clusters que indicam concentração da infecção entre a Zona da Mata e o Agreste Paraibano, sendo o maior deles formado por 19 municípios.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its association with socioeconomic factors. METHOD: A mixed-methods ecological study with spatial analysis of tuberculosis cases in the state of Paraíba, reported from 2015 to 2018. RESULTS: A total of 6,082 cases were reported, with a mean incidence of 37.4/100,000 inhabitants. No municipality was classified as having "very low" development, although statistical significance exists between the incidence rates and the socioenvironmental factors. CONCLUSION: The Moran Index pointed out a positive autocorrelation between areas with high incidence values. The Moran Map reveals clusters that indicate a concentration of the infection between Zona da Mata and Agreste Paraibano, the largest of which comprises 19 municipalities.
Тема - темы
Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis , Spatial Analysis , Ecological Studies , Health Information SystemsРеферат
OBJECTIVE@#To identify the spatial distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis spread in Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into precision O. hupensis snail control in the province.@*METHODS@#Data pertaining to emerging and reemerging snails were collected from Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022 to build a spatial database of O. hupensis snail spread. The spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread was identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and the hot spots of snail spread were identified using kernel density estimation. In addition, the correlation between environments with snail spread and the distance from the Yangtze River was evaluated using nearest-neighbor analysis and Spearman correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#O. hupensis snail spread mainly occurred along the Yangtze River and Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, with a total spread area of 4 320.63 hm2, including 1 230.77 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 3 089.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial autocorrelation in the O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province in 2020 and 2021, appearing a spatial clustering pattern (Moran's I = 0.003 593 and 0.060 973, both P values < 0.05), and the mean density of spread snails showed spatial aggregation in Hubei Province in 2020 (Moran's I = 0.512 856, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high clustering areas of spread snails were mainly distributed in 50 settings of 10 counties (districts) in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and the high-high clustering areas of the mean density of spread snails were predominantly found in 219 snail habitats in four counties of Jiangling, Honghu, Yangxin and Gong'an. Kernel density estimation showed that there were high-, secondary high- and medium-density hot spots in snail spread areas in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, which were distributed in Jingzhou District, Wuxue District, Honghu County and Huangzhou District, respectively. There were high- and medium-density hot spots in the mean density of spread snails, which were located in Jiangling County, Honghu County and Yangxin County, respectively. In addition, the snail spread areas negatively correlated with the distance from the Yangtze River (r = -0.108 9, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There was spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022. The monitoring and control of O. hupensis snails require to be reinforced in the clustering areas, notably in inner embankments to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis.
Тема - темы
Animals , Schistosomiasis/prevention & control , Spatial Analysis , Ecosystem , Gastropoda , Rivers , China/epidemiologyРеферат
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody, and to examine the correlation between the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into advanced schistosomiais control in the province.@*METHODS@#The epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province in 2020 were collected, including number of permanent residents in survey villages, number of advanced schistosomiasis patients, number of residents receiving serological tests and number of residents seropositive for anti-Schistosoma antibody, and the prevalence advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody were descriptively analyzed. Village-based spatial distribution characteristics of prevalence advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody were identified in Hunan Province in 2020, and the correlation between the revalence advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody was examined using Spearman correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis was 0 to 2.72% and the seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody was 0 to 20.25% in 1 153 schistosomiasis-endemic villages in Hunan Province in 2020. Spatial clusters were identified in both the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis (global Moran's I = 0.416, P < 0.01) and the seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody (global Moran's I = 0.711, P < 0.01) in Hunan Province. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 98 schistosomiasis-endemic villages with high-high clusters of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis, 134 endemic villages with high-high clusters of the seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody and 36 endemic villages with high-high clusters of both the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province. In addition, spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody (rs = 0.235, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There were spatial clusters of the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis and seroprevalence of anti-Schistosoma antibody in Hunan Province in 2020, which were predominantly located in areas neighboring the Dongting Lake. These clusters should be given a high priority in the schistosomiasis control programs.
Тема - темы
Animals , Humans , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Schistosoma , Spatial Analysis , Antibodies, Helminth , China/epidemiologyРеферат
From 2015 to 2019, the annual average incidence rate of scarlet fever was 7.80/100 000 in Yantai City, which showed an increasing trend since 2017 (χ2trend=233.59, P<0.001). The peak period of this disease was from April to July and November to January of the next year. The ratio of male to female was 1.49∶1, with a higher prevalence among cases aged 3 to 9 years (2 357/2 552, 92.36%). Children in kindergartens, primary and middle school students, and scattered children were the high risk population, with the incidence rate of 159.86/100 000, 25.57/100 000 and 26.77/100 000, respectively. The global spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the global Moran's I index of the reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Yantai from 2015 to 2019 was 0.28, 0.29, 0.44, 0.48, and 0.22, respectively (all P values<0.05), suggesting that the incidence rate of scarlet fever in Yantai from 2015 to 2019 was spatial clustering. The local spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the "high-high" clustering areas were mainly located in Laizhou City, Zhifu District, Haiyang City, Fushan District and Kaifa District, while the "low-high" clustering areas were mainly located in Haiyang City and Fushan District.
Тема - темы
Child , Humans , Male , Female , Scarlet Fever/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis , Cities/epidemiology , Seasons , Risk Factors , Incidence , Cluster Analysis , China/epidemiologyРеферат
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence trend and spatial clustering characteristics of scarlet fever in China from 2016 to 2020 to provide evidence for development of regional disease prevention and control strategies.@*METHODS@#The incidence data of scarlet fever in 31 provinces and municipalities in mainland China from 2016 to 2020 were obtained from the Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook and the Public Health Science Data Center led by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The three-dimensional spatial trend map of scarlet fever incidence in China was drawn using ArcGIS to determine the regional trend of scarlet fever incidence.GeoDa spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the spatial aggregation of scarlet fever in China in recent years.@*RESULTS@#From 2016 to 2020, a total of 310 816 cases of scarlet fever were reported in 31 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions, with an average annual incidence of 4.48/100 000.The reported incidence decreased from 4.32/100 000 in 2016 to 1.18/100 000 in 2020(Z=103.47, P < 0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever in China showed an obvious regional clustering from 2016 to 2019(Moran's I>0, P < 0.05), but was randomly distributed in 2020(Moran's I>0, P=0.16).The incidence of scarlet fever showed a U-shaped distribution in eastern and western regions of China, and increased gradually from the southern to northern regions.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Hebei and Gansu provinces had the High-high (H-H) clusters of scarlet fever in China.@*CONCLUSION@#Scarlet fever still has a high incidence in China with an obvious spatial clustering.For the northern regions of China with H-H clusters of scarlet fever, the allocation of health resources and public health education dynamics should be strengthened, and local scarlet fever prevention and control policies should be made to contain the hotspots of scarlet fever.
Тема - темы
Humans , Incidence , Scarlet Fever/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis , Cluster Analysis , Spatio-Temporal AnalysisРеферат
Introdução: A mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero é considerada evitável. Altas taxas e tendência ascendente são observadas no Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero nos municípios do Nordeste do Brasil no período 2015-2019 e sua correlação com indicadores sociodemográficos. Método: Os dados de mortalidade foram obtidos junto ao Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do DATASUS. Calcularam-se as taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil mulheres, suavizadas por meio do estimador bayesiano empírico. Avaliou-se a correlação espacial das taxas de mortalidade por meio do índice de Moran global e local. E testou-se a correlação das taxas de mortalidade com os indicadores sociodemográficos por meio da análise bivariada. O mapeamento e as análises foram realizados nos softwares GeoDa e R, e considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados: As taxas variaram de 1,0 a 27,2 óbitos por 100 mil mulheres, com as maiores taxas concentradas nos municípios do Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Alagoas e Sergipe. Clusters com alta mortalidade foram observados nos municípios do Maranhão e do Piauí (próximo ao Maranhão), no litoral de Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe e Bahia. Verificou-se associação entre os indicadores socioeconômicos e a mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero. Localidades com os piores indicadores mostram maiores taxas de mortalidade por essa neoplasia. Conclusão: Observaram-se altas taxas de mortalidade nos municípios com piores indicadores sociodemográficos, indicando as limitações do sistema de saúde para reduzir essas taxas nas cidades com menor desenvolvimento socioeconômico.
Introduction: Cervical cancer mortality is considered preventable. High rates and an upward temporal trend and observed in Brazil's Northeast. Objective: To evaluate the spatial distribution of cervical cancer mortality of municipalities in Brazil's Northeast in the period 2015-2019 and its correlation with sociodemographic indicators. Method: Mortality data were obtained from DATASUS Mortality Information System. Mortality rates per 100,000 women were calculated and smoothed using the empirical Bayesian estimator. The spatial correlation of mortality rates was evaluated using the global and local Moran index. Moreover, the correlation between mortality rates and sociodemographic indicators was tested using bivariate analysis. Mapping and analyzes were performed using GeoDa and R software, values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Rates ranged from 1.0 to 27.2 deaths per 100,000 women, with the highest rates concentrated in the municipalities of Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Alagoas, and Sergipe. Clusters with high mortality were observed in the municipalities of Maranhão and Piauí (close to Maranhão) on the coast of Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia. An association between socioeconomic indicators and mortality by cervical cancer was found. Municipalities with the worst indicators show higher mortality rates by this neoplasm. Conclusion: High mortality rates were observed in municipalities with the worst sociodemographic indicators, indicating the health system's limitations in reducing these rates in cities with low socioeconomic development.
Introducción: La mortalidad por cáncer de útero se considera prevenible. Se observan tasas elevadas y una tendencia al alza en el Nordeste de Brasil. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución espacial de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en municipios del Nordeste de Brasil en el período 2015-2019 y su correlación con indicadores sociodemográficos. Método: Los datos de mortalidad se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad DATASUS. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad por 100 000 mujeres, suavizadas mediante el estimador empírico bayesiano. La correlación espacial de las tasas de mortalidad se evaluó mediante el índice de Moran global y local. Y se probó la correlación entre las tasas de mortalidad y los indicadores sociodemográficos mediante análisis bivariado. El mapeo y los análisis se realizaron utilizando los softwares GeoDa y R, y valores de p<0,05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: Las tasas oscilaron entre 1,0 y 27,2 muertes por 100 000 mujeres, con las mayores tasas concentradas en los municipios de Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Alagoas y Sergipe. Se observaron conglomerados con alta mortalidad en los municipios de Maranhão y Piauí (cerca de Maranhão), en el litoral de Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe y Bahia. Hubo una asociación entre los indicadores socioeconómicos y la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino. Las localidades con peores indicadores presentan mayores tasas de mortalidad por esta neoplasia Conclusión: Se observaron altas tasas de mortalidad en los municipios con peores indicadores sociodemográficos, lo que indica las limitaciones del sistema de salud para reducir estas tasas en los municipios con menor desarrollo socioeconómico.
Тема - темы
Socioeconomic Factors , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Health Status Indicators , Mortality , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
Resumo Introdução O artigo discute as disparidades espaciais em saúde ao investigar pessoas brancas e negras, tomando como ponto de partida a trajetória de desenvolvimento do sistema global do capitalismo racial. Objetivo Investigar as diferenças existentes entre pessoas brancas e negras nos agravos de HIV, tuberculose e sífilis na escala de distritos sanitários na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Método Estudo ecológico, com uso de banco de dados secundários e de acesso público, disponibilizados a partir da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre. Inclui a análise espacial, a estatística descritiva e o uso de medidas de associação. Resultados A partir dos distritos sanitários, desvela-se a materialização de geografias de desigualdades e de condições de iniquidade entre pessoas brancas e negras, o que está entrelaçado com o processo histórico de ocupação da cidade de Porto Alegre. Conclusão O quesito raça/cor e a sua investigação escalar tornaram-se potência para corroborar as diferenças de qualidade de vida que desfrutam pessoas brancas e negras. Em Porto Alegre, são inequívocas evidências do racismo estrutural em saúde que denotam a urgência de ações no Sistema Único de Saúde, como as políticas de equidade.
Abstract Introduction This article discusses the spatial disparities in health between white and black people. It begins with the trajectory of development of the global system of racial capitalism. Objective To investigate the existing differences between white and black people in the conditions of HIV, tuberculosis, and syphilis in the scale of health districts in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Method Ecological study using secondary and public databases made available from the Municipal Health Secretariat of Porto Alegre. It includes spatial analysis, descriptive statistics, and the use of measures of association. Results It reveals, from the health districts, the materialization of geographies of inequalities and conditions of inequality between white and black people, which are intertwined with the historical process of occupation of the city of Porto Alegre. Conclusion The issue of race and color, as well as scalar research, have become powerful tools for correlating the differences in quality of life enjoyed by white and black people. In Porto Alegre there is unmistakable evidence of structural racism in health that denotes the urgency of actions in the unified health system (SUS), such as equity policies.
Тема - темы
Humans , Capitalism , Racial Groups , Health Status Disparities , Spatial Analysis , Ethnic Inequality , Public Nondiscrimination Policies , Tuberculosis , Syphilis , HIVРеферат
A COVID-19 é uma doença que se caracteriza por uma Síndrome Gripal, tendo principais sintomas, febre, tosse, falta de ar e coriza. A secreção respiratória infectada é uma das principais características de transmissibilidade que aumenta o risco de infecção em locais de aglomerado e em populações vulneráveis, como o caso das favelas. Descrever a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 entre 16 de março 2020 a 06 de outubro de 2021 e identificar um conjunto de sintomas que possam predizer a doença. Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo exploratório. Foram calculadas a densidade demográfica, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental e as taxas de incidência das sub-regiões e taxas por sexo e faixa etária. Para descrever a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 foram construídos mapas de pontos, de Kernel, e mapas clorolépticos das taxas de incidência. Para investigar o conjunto de sintomas preditivos da COVID-19 foi usado a Análise Comparativa Qualitativa (QCA) usando Conjuntos Fuzzy (fsQCA). Detectou-se aglomerados espaciais de casos a oeste, centro-norte e centro-sul de Manguinhos. Altas taxas de incidência foram observadas nas sub-regiões do centro-norte, centro-sul e sudoeste. Nas sub-regiões de alta incidência, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental variou entre 13% e 21%. Quanto aos resultados da QCA, o termo "perda de paladar ou olfato combinado a ausência de dor de cabeça" apresentou o maior grau de associação com o resultado positivo (consistência = 0,81). O termo solução "ausência de perda de paladar ou olfato combinada com ausência de febre" apresentou o maior grau de associação (consistência= 0,79) e é o que proporcionalmente melhor explica o resultado negativo. As sub-regiões com maior aglomeração de casos no território de Manguinhos coincidem com as regiões com maiores taxas de incidência, mas não com as regiões mais pobres do território. A explicação dos desfechos "ser um caso positivo" e "não ser um caso positivo", podem ser úteis para o diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de COVID-19 em cenários em que o acesso a testes diagnósticos não está disponível, além disto, a técnica utilizada consiste em um método inovador em problemas complexos em Saúde Pública, o fsQCA. (AU)
COVID-19 is a disease characterized by a flu syndrome, with the main symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, runny nose. Infected respiratory secretion is one of the main characteristics of transmissibility that increases the risk of infection in crowded places and in vulnerable populations such as slums. To describe the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases between March 16, 2020 and October 6, 2021 and identify a set of symptoms that may be predictive of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the period from 09/17/2020 to 05/05/2021 in the territory of Manguinhos in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive exploratory study. For the first objective, the technique of spatial analysis was used using dot maps and Kernel, with the incidence rates calculated by sex, age and sub-regions. In the second objective, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA) was used to explain the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case". Clusters of cases were detected in the west, north-central and south-central regions of Manguinhos. High incidence rates were also observed in the north-central, south-central and southwest subregions. In the high-incidence subregions, the percentage of people dependent on government financial aid varied between 13% and 21%. The term solution "loss of taste or smell and no headache" showed the highest degree of association with the positive result (consistency = 0.81). The term solution "absence of loss of taste or smell combined with absence of fever" showed the highest degree of association (consistency = 0.79) and is what proportionately best explains the negative result. The sub-regions with the highest concentration of cases in the territory of Manguinhos coincide with the regions with the highest incidence rates, but not with the poorest regions of the territory. The explanation of the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case", may be useful for the presumptive clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in scenarios where access to diagnostic tests is not available, in addition, the technique used consists of an innovative method for complex problems in Public Health, the fsQCA. (AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Epidemiology , Vulnerable Populations , Spatial Analysis , COVID-19 , Brazil , Poverty AreasРеферат
Resumo Introdução A hanseníase se apresenta de forma heterogênea, o que requer o reconhecimento do perfil e distribuição espacial para a efetivação de ações de controle. Objetivo Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e a distribuição espacial dos casos de hanseníase na Paraíba. Método Estudo ecológico, de base secundária e abordagem quantitativa. Os loci do estudo foram os 223 municípios do estado. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação/Hanseníase correspondentes ao período de 2015 a 2019. Utilizou-se de estatística descritiva e análise espacial com auxílio do software R. Resultados Foram analisados 3.218 casos para o perfil epidemiológico e 3.212 para a análise espacial. Verificou-se maior registro no ano de 2019 (n=778;24,2%); no sexo masculino (n=1.783; 55,5%); faixa etária 40 a 59 anos (n=1.236; 38,4%); classificação multibacilar (n=2.095; 65,2%); forma dimorfa (n= 970; 30,2%), e grau de incapacidade física 0 (n=1.611; 50,2%). Identificaram-se 171 (76,7%) municípios que notificaram casos, e houve detecção de conglomerados simples e compostos envolvendo 31 municípios, situados mais ao Leste e Oeste do estado. Conclusão Ressalta-se que a hanseníase permanece com cadeia de transmissão ativa na Paraíba e com distribuição geográfica heterogênea, reafirmando a importância de planejar e executar ações de controle mais resolutivas.
Abstract Background Leprosy presents itself heterogeneously, which requires the recognition of profile and spatial distribution for the effectuation of control actions. Objective To describe the epidemiological profile and the spatial distribution of leprosy cases in the Paraíba, Brazil. Method Ecological study on a secondary basis with a quantitative approach. The study site was the 223 municipalities in the state of Paraíba. The data were collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System/Leprosy for the period from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and spatial analysis were used with the aid of the R software. Results 3,218 cases were analyzed for the epidemiological profile and 3,212 for the spatial analysis. There was a greater record in the year of 2019 (n = 778;24.2%); in males (n = 1,783; 55.5%); age group 40 to 59 years (n = 1,236; 38.4%); multibacillary classification (n = 2,095; 65.2%); dysmorphic form (n = 970; 30.2%); and degree of physical disability 0 (n = 1,611; 50.2%). 171 (76.7%) municipalities that reported cases were identified, and simple and compound conglomerates were detected involving 31 municipalities located further east and west of the state. Conclusion It should be noted that leprosy remains an active transmission chain in Paraíba and has a heterogeneous geographic distribution, reaffirming the importance of planning and executing more resolute control actions.
Тема - темы
Humans , Health Information Systems , Leprosy/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/prevention & controlРеферат
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women and its correlation with socioeconomic determinants. Method: Ecological study, carried out with cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 2010 to 2017. Rate analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian method and univariate local Moran. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the correlation between infection and socioeconomic determinants. Results: High rates of infection were observed in municipalities in the mesoregions of Southeast of Pará and Metropolitan area of Belém. A significant spatial correlation was found between human immunodeficiency virus infection rates in pregnant women and human development index indicators (I = 0.2836; p < 0.05), average income (I = 0.6303; p < 0.05), and illiteracy rate (I = 0.4604; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The spatial pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women correlated to socioeconomic determinants highlights the need to restructure public policies for the control and prevention of AIDS virus that take into account the socioeconomic factors of this specific population and locoregional disparities in Pará.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el estándar espacial de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas y su correlación con determinantes socioeconómicos. Método: Estudio ecológico, realizado con casos de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas en el estado de Pará, Brasil, de 2010 a 2017. El análisis de tasas se realizó mediante el método bayesiano empírico y Moran local univariado. Se emplearon análisis bivariados para examinar la correlación entre la infección y los determinantes socioeconómicos. Resultados: Se observaron altas tasas de infección en municipios de las mesorregiones Sudeste de Pará y Metropolitana de Belém. Se identificó una correlación espacial significativa entre las tasas de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas y los indicadores del índice de desarrollo humano (I = 0,2836; p < 0,05), ingreso medio (I = 0,6303; p < 0,05) y tasa de analfabetismo (I = 0,4604; p < 0,05). Conclusión: El estándar espacial de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas correlacionado con determinantes socioeconómicos refuerza la necesidad de reestructurar políticas públicas para el control y la prevención del virus del SIDA que tengan en cuenta los factores socioeconómicos de esta población específica y las disparidades locorregionales en Pará.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o padrão espacial da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes e sua correlação com os determinantes socioeconômicos. Método: Estudo ecológico, realizado com casos de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes no estado do Pará, Brasil, de 2010 a 2017. A análise das taxas foi realizada por meio do método bayesiano empírico e Moran local univariado. As análises bivariadas foram empregadas para examinar a correlação entre a infecção e os determinantes socioeconômicos. Resultados: Verificaram-se altas taxas da infecção em municípios das mesorregiões Sudeste Paraense e Metropolitana de Belém. Identificou-se correlação espacial significativa entre as taxas de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes e os indicadores índice de desenvolvimento humano (I = 0,2836; p < 0,05), renda média (I = 0,6303; p < 0,05) e taxa de analfabetismo (I = 0,4604; p < 0,05). Conclusão: O padrão espacial da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes correlacionada aos determinantes socioeconômicos reforça a necessidade de reestruturação de políticas públicas de controle e prevenção do vírus da AIDS que atentem para os fatores socioeconômicos desse público específico e disparidades locorregionais no Pará.
Тема - темы
Humans , Pregnancy , HIV Infections , Pregnant Women , Geographic Information Systems , Health Status Disparities , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the process and epidemiological implications of georeferencing in EpiFloripa Aging samples (2009-2019). METHOD The EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study sought to investigate and monitor the living and health conditions of the older adult population (≥ 60) of Florianópolis in three study waves (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). With an automatic geocoding tool, the residential addresses were spatialized, allowing to investigate the effect of the georeferencing sample losses regarding 19 variables, evaluated in the three waves. The influence of different neighborhood definitions (census tracts, Euclidean buffers, and buffers across the street network) was examined in the results of seven variables: area, income, residential density, mixed land use, connectivity, health unit count, and public open space count. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the differences between neighborhood definitions according to three variables: contextual income, residential density, and land use diversity. RESULT The losses imposed by geocoding (6%, n = 240) caused no statistically significant difference between the total sample and the geocoded sample. The analysis of the study variables suggests that the geocoding process may have included a higher proportion of participants with better income, education, and living conditions. The correlation coefficients showed little correspondence between measures calculated by the three neighborhood definitions (r = 0.37-0.54). The statistical difference between the variables calculated by buffers and census tracts highlights limitations in their use in the description of geospatial attributes. CONCLUSION Despite the challenges related to geocoding, such as inconsistencies in addresses, adequate correction and verification mechanisms provided a high rate of assignment of geographic coordinates, the findings suggest that adopting buffers, favored by geocoding, represents a potential for spatial epidemiological analyses by improving the representation of environmental attributes and the understanding of health outcomes.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o processo e as implicações epidemiológicas do georreferenciamento nas amostras do EpiFloripa Idoso (2009-2019). MÉTODO O estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso buscou investigar e acompanhar as condições de vida e saúde da população idosa (≥ 60) de Florianópolis em três ondas de estudo (2009/2010, 2013/2014, 2017/2019). Com uma ferramenta de geocodificação automática, os endereços residenciais foram espacializados, permitindo a investigação do efeito das perdas amostrais do georreferenciamento em relação a 19 variáveis, avaliadas nas três ondas. A influência de diferentes definições de vizinhança (setores censitários, buffers euclidianos e buffers pela rede de ruas) foi examinada nos resultados de sete variáveis: área, renda, densidade residencial, uso misto do solo, conectividade, contagem de unidades de saúde, e contagem de espaços livres públicos. Coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados para avaliar as diferenças entre as definições de vizinhança de acordo com três variáveis: renda contextual, densidade residencial e diversidade de uso do solo. RESULTADO As perdas impostas pela geocodificação (6%, n = 240) não ocasionaram diferença estatística significativa entre a amostra total e a georreferenciada. A análise das variáveis do estudo sugere que o processo de geocodificação pode ter incluído uma maior proporção de participantes com melhor nível de renda, escolaridade e condições de vida. Os coeficientes de correlação evidenciaram pouca correspondência entre medidas calculadas pelas três definições de vizinhança (r = 0,37-0,54). A diferença estatística entre as variáveis calculadas por buffers e setores censitários ressalta limitações no uso destes na descrição dos atributos geoespaciais. CONCLUSÃO Apesar dos desafios relacionados à geocodificação, como inconsistências nos endereços, adequados mecanismos de correção e verificação propiciaram elevada taxa de atribuição de coordenadas geográficas. Os achados sugerem que a adoção de buffers, favorecida pela geocodificação, representa uma potencialidade para análises epidemiológicas espaciais ao aprimorar a representação dos atributos do ambiente e a compreensão dos desfechos de saúde.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health of the Elderly , Health Surveys , Geographic Information Systems , Environment and Public Health , Geographic Mapping , Spatial Analysis , Cohort StudiesРеферат
Objetivo: analisar a distribuição dos casos de tuberculose no Paraná, Brasil, entre 2018 e 2021. Métodos: estudo ecológico, sobre dados secundários oriundos de notificações compulsórias; descrição das taxas de detecção por 100 mil habitantes segundo regiões de saúde do estado; cálculo das variações percentuais entre 2018-2019 e 2020-2021. Resultados: foram registrados 7.099 casos, observando-se maiores taxas nas regionais de Paranaguá (52,4/100 mil em 2018-2019; 38,2/100 mil em 2020-2021) e Foz do Iguaçu (34,4/100 mil em 2018-2019; 20,5/100 mil em 2020-2021), e menores em Irati (6,3/100 mil em 2018-2019; 8,8/100 mil em 2020-2021) e Francisco Beltrão (8,5/100 mil em 2018-2019; 7,6/100 mil em 2020-2021); em 2020-2021, houve queda nas variações percentuais dessas taxas em 18 regionais e aumento em quatro, destacando-se, respectivamente, Foz do Iguaçu (-40,5%) e Cianorte (+53,6%). Conclusão: foram observadas taxas elevadas nas regionais do litoral e da tríplice fronteira; houve declínio das taxas de detecção no período pandêmico.
Objective: to analyze the distribution of tuberculosis cases in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021. Methods: this was an ecological study using secondary data obtained from compulsory notifications; detection rates per 100,000 inhabitants were described according to health regions in the state; percentage changes between 2018-2019 and 2020-2021 were calculated. Results: a total of 7,099 cases were registered. The highest rates were observed in the health regions of Paranaguá (52.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 38.2/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Foz do Iguaçu (34.4/100,000 in 2018-2019; 20.5/100,000 in 2020-2021), and the lowest rates in Irati (6.3/100,000 in 2018-2019; 8.8/100,000 in 2020-2021) and Francisco Beltrão (8.5/100,000 in 2018-2019; 7.6/100,000 in 2020-2021); in 2020-2021, it could be seen a decrease in percentage changes in 18 health regions, while there was an increase in four of them, especially Foz do Iguaçu (-40.5%) and Cianorte (+53.6%). Conclusion: high rates were found in the coastal and triple border regions; and there was a decline in detection rates in the pandemic period.
Objetivo: analizar la distribución de casos de tuberculosis en Paraná de 2018 a 2021. Métodos: estudio ecológico utilizando datos secundarios de notificaciones obligatorias. Se describieron las tasas de detección por 100.000 habitantes según las regiones de salud de Paraná. Se calcularon los cambios porcentuales entre 2018-2019 y 2020-2021. Resultados: se registraron 7.099 casos, observándose tasas más altas en las regiones de Paranaguá (52,4/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 38,2/100.000 en 2020-2021) y Foz do Iguaçu (34,4/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 20,5/100.000 en 2020-2021) y menor en Irati (6,3/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 8,8/100.000 en 2020-2021) y Francisco Beltrão (8,5/100.000 en 2018-2019 y 7,6/100.000 en 2020-2021). En 2020-2021, hubo descenso en 18 regiones y aumento en cuatro, con destaque para Foz do Iguaçu (-40,5%) y Cianorte (+53,6%). Conclusión: se encontraron altas tasas para las regiones de la costa y la triple frontera, además de una disminución en la detección durante el período de pandemia.
Тема - темы
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Ecological Studies , Health Information Systems , Brazil/epidemiology , Public Health , Spatial AnalysisРеферат
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the spatial distribution and identify high-risk spatial clusters of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya (ZDC), in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their socioeconomic status. METHODS An ecological study based on data from a seroprevalence survey. Using a rapid diagnostic test to detect the arboviruses, 2,114 individuals were tested in 2018. The spatial distribution was analyzed using kernel estimation. To detect high-risk spatial clusters of arboviruses, we used multivariate scan statistics. The Social Development Index (SDI) was considered in the analysis of socioeconomic status. RESULTS Among the 2,114 individuals, 1,714 (81.1%) were positive for at least one arbovirus investigated. The kernel estimation showed positive individuals for at least one arbovirus in all regions of the city, with hot spots in the North, coincident with regions with very low or low SDI. The scan statistic detected three significant (p<0.05) high-risk spatial clusters for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. These clusters correspond to 35.7% (n=613) of all positive individuals of the sample. The most likely cluster was in the North (cluster 1) and overlapped regions with very low and low SDI. Clusters 2 and 3 were in the West and overlapping regions with low and very low SDI, respectively. The highest values of relative risks were in cluster 1 for CHIKV (1.97), in cluster 2 for ZIKV (1.58), and in cluster 3 for CHIKV (1.44). Regarding outcomes in the clusters, the Flavivirus had the highest frequency in clusters 1, 2, and 3 (42.83%, 54.46%, and 52.08%, respectively). CONCLUSION We found an over-risk for arboviruses in areas with the worst socioeconomic conditions in Rio de Janeiro. Moreover, the highest concentration of people negative for arboviruses occurred in areas considered to have better living conditions.