Usefulness of low-cost infrared goggles for the assessment of spontaneous nystagmus / Utilidad de gafas infrarrojas de bajo costo para la evaluación del nistagmo espontáneo

Introduction: Due to its precision and simplicity, videonystagmography is the most used technique for evaluating eye movements in patients with vestibular complaints. However, its high cost limits its widespread use. In response, the development of low-cost goggles emerged as an alternative to traditional videonystagmography equipment. Objetives: This study aimed to compare the performance between low-cost goggles and videonystagmography in assessing spontaneous nystagmus. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Department of Otolaryngology at the Red UC Christus. Patients referred for vestibular evaluation were assessed using both videonystagmography and a prototype of low-cost goggles. Two blinded clinicians with varying levels of expertise reviewed recordings from both tests to identify spontaneous nystagmus. Results: Of 104 participants, 56.7% exhibited spontaneous nystagmus detected by videonystagmography. The low-cost goggles demonstrated a concordance of k= 0.60 for nystagmus detection and k= 0.47 for classification when used by the less experienced clinician. The more experienced clinician achieved a concordance of k= 0.82 for detection and k= 0.73 for classification. Conclusion: While clinical assessments can be conducted without specialized equipment, videonystagmography offers a comprehensive and detailed evaluation, making it the preferred and widely utilized method. Nevertheless, low-cost goggles enable the detection of spontaneous nystagmus, demonstrating satisfactory agreement with videonystagmography.

Introducción: Debido a su precisión y simplicidad, la videonistagmografía es la técnica más utilizada para la evaluación de movimientos oculares en pacientes con queja vestibular. Sin embargo, su alto costo limita su utilización. Frente a esto, el desarrollo de gafas de bajo costo se posiciona como una alternativa al equipo tradicional de videonistagmografía. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento entre gafas de bajo costo y videonistagmografía en la evaluación del nistagmo espontáneo. Material y Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de la Red UC Christus. Los pacientes derivados para evaluación vestibular fueron evaluados con video-nistagmografía y con un prototipo de gafas de bajo costo. Dos clínicos cegados con distinta experiencia revisaron las grabaciones de ambas pruebas en busca de nistagmo espontáneo. Resultados: De 104 participantes, el 56,7% presentó nistagmo espontáneo detectado por videonistagmografía. Las gafas de bajo costo mostraron una concordancia de k= 0,60 para la detección del nistagmo y k= 0,47 para la clasificación cuando fueron utilizadas por el clínico menos experimentado. El clínico más experimentado logró una concordancia de k= 0,82 para la detección y k= 0,73 para la clasificación. Conclusión: Aunque las evaluaciones clínicas pueden realizarse sin equipo especializado, la videonistagmografía proporciona una evaluación integral y detallada, convirtiéndola en el método preferido y ampliamente utilizado. Sin embargo, las gafas económicas permiten la detección de nistagmo espontáneo, mostrando un acuerdo satisfactorio con la videonistagmografía.

Usefulness, Reliability, Quality, and Content of Portuguese Language YouTube Videos on COVID-19

Abstract Objective: To investigate the usefulness, reliability, quality, and content of Portuguese-language YouTube videos on COVID-19. Material and Methods: Three keywords selected on Google Trends were searched on YouTube, and the 60 first videos listed with each term were analyzed. Two calibrated researchers evaluated the reliability (DISCERN Modified Scale), the quality (Global Quality Score - GQS), and the usefulness of videos for the users (COVID-19 Specific Score - CSS). The number of views, likes, and engagement were also analyzed. The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α=5%). Results: 59 videos were included. The average scores of quality, reliability, and usefulness were 3.0 (±1.1), 3.2 (± 0.8), and 1.5 (± 0.9), respectively. Two-thirds of the videos (64.4%) had low/moderate quality, and the majority (76.2%) were about signs and symptoms. The numbers of views (p=0.005), likes (p=0.006), and engagement (p=0.014) were significantly higher in moderate/good quality videos. The number of comments (p=0.007), duration of videos (p=0.004), and the DISCERN score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in videos made by health professionals. The general quality of the videos was positively correlated to the CSS scores, number of views, likes, and engagement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had moderate quality and reliability and low usefulness for the users.

Improving children's cooperativeness during magnetic resonance imaging using interactive educational animated videos: a prospective, randomised, non-inferiority trial

INTRODUCTION@#A previous prospective, randomised controlled trial showed that animated videos shown to children before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reduced the proportion of children needing repeated MRI sequences and improved confidence of the children staying still for at least 30 min. Children preferred the interactive video. We hypothesised that the interactive video is non-inferior to showing two videos (regular and interactive) in improving children's cooperativeness during MRI scans.@*METHODS@#In this Institutional Review Board-approved prospective, randomised, non-inferiority trial, 558 children aged 3-20 years scheduled for elective MRI scan from June 2017 to March 2019 were randomised into the interactive video only group and combined (regular and interactive) videos group. Children were shown the videos before their scan. Repeated MRI sequences, general anaesthesia (GA) requirement and improvement in confidence of staying still for at least 30 min were assessed.@*RESULTS@#In the interactive video group ( n = 277), 86 (31.0%) children needed repeated MRI sequences, two (0.7%) needed GA and the proportion of children who had confidence in staying still for more than 30 min increased by 22.1% after the video. In the combined videos group ( n = 281), 102 (36.3%) children needed repeated MRI sequences, six (2.1%) needed GA and the proportion of children who had confidence in staying still for more than 30 min increased by 23.2% after the videos; the results were not significantly different between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The interactive video group demonstrated non-inferiority to the combined videos group.

Time to intubation with McGrath ™ videolaryngoscope versus direct laryngoscope in powered air-purifying respirator: a randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION@#During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, multiple guidelines have recommended videolaryngoscope (VL) for tracheal intubation. However, there is no evidence that VL reduces time to tracheal intubation, and this is important for COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure.@*METHODS@#To simulate intubation of COVID-19 patients, we randomly assigned 28 elective surgical patients to be intubated with either McGrath™ MAC VL or direct laryngoscope (DL) by specialist anaesthetists who donned 3M™ Jupiter™ powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR) and N95 masks. The primary outcome was time to intubation.@*RESULTS@#The median time to intubation was 61 s (interquartile range [IQR] 37-63 s) and 41.5 s (IQR 37-56 s) in the VL and DL groups, respectively ( P = 0.35). The closest mean distance between the anaesthetist and patient during intubation was 21.6 ± 4.8 cm and 17.6 ± 5.3 cm in the VL and DL groups, respectively ( P = 0.045). There were no significant differences in the median intubation difficulty scale scores, proportion of successful intubations at the first laryngoscopic attempt and proportion of intubations requiring adjuncts. All the patients underwent successful intubation with no adverse event.@*CONCLUSION@#There was no significant difference in the time to intubation of elective surgical patients with either McGrath™ VL or DL by specialist anaesthetists who donned PAPR and N95 masks. The distance between the anaesthetist and patient was significantly greater with VL. When resources are limited or disrupted during a pandemic, DL could be a viable alternative to VL for specialist anaesthetists.

The Lack of High-quality Educational Resources about Adhesive Capsulitis on YouTube / Ausência de recursos didáticos de alta qualidade sobre a capsulite adesiva no YouTube

Abstract Objective The advent of the Internet has provided new, easily accessible resources for patients seeking additional health information. Many doctors and healthcare organizations post informative videos on this platform, and nearly all patients are looking for videos online for a second opinion. Methods The phrases "frozen shoulder," "frozen shoulder treatment," "adhesive" capsulitis, and "adhesive capsulitis treatment" were entered into YouTube's search bar for a normal inquiry. The informativeness and overall quality of the adhesive capsulitis videos were rated using three separate scales. Results The mean and standard deviation values of the scoring systems were JAMA 1.25 ± 0.51, DISCERN 39.4 ± 13.4, GQS 2.83 ± 0.96 and ACSS 7.43 ± 4.86, respectively. Number of views, rate of views, and likes all had a positive correlation with Global Quality Score (GQS), as did DISCERN and ACSS. There was no statistically significant difference between the median JAMA, GQS score and Discern Criteria values according to the video source/uploader (p > 0.05). Conclusion YouTube videos on adhesive capsulitis, thus, need to be of higher quality, reliability, and instructive quality. There is a need for reliable videos about adhesive capsulitis, with instructional and high-quality cited.

Resumo Objetivo O advento da Internet proporcionou recursos novos e de fácil acesso para pacientes que procuram mais informações sobre saúde. Muitos médicos e organizações de saúde publicam vídeos informativos nesta plataforma e quase todos os pacientes procuram tais vídeos online para uma segunda opinião. Métodos As frases "frozen shoulder (ombro congelado)", "frozen shoulder treatment (tratamento de ombro congelado)", "adhesive capsulitis (capsulite adesiva)" e "adhesive capsulitis treatment (tratamento de capsulite adesiva)" foram inseridas na barra de pesquisa do YouTube para uma consulta normal. A informatividade e a qualidade geral dos vídeos sobre capsulite adesiva foram avaliadas usando três escalas distintas. Resultados Os valores de média e desvio padrão dos sistemas de pontuação do Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) foram 1,25 ± 0,51, DISCERN, 39,4 ± 13,4, Global Quality Score (GQS, Índice de Qualidade Global em português) 2,83 ± 0,96 e Adhesive Capsulitis Specific Score (ACSS, Escore Específico de Capsulite Adesiva em português), 7,43 ± 4,86, respectivamente. O número de visualizações, a taxa de visualizações e as curtidas tiveram uma correlação positiva com GQS, DISCERN e ACSS. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores medianos de JAMA, GQS e DISCERN de acordo com a fonte/carregador do vídeo (p > 0,05). Conclusão Os vídeos do YouTube sobre capsulite adesiva precisam ter maior qualidade, confiabilidade e qualidade instrutiva. Há necessidade de vídeos confiáveis sobre capsulite adesiva, com citações instrutivas e de alta qualidade.

O que pode uma câmera em sessões psicanalíticas com crianças com traços autistas? / What can do a camera do in psychoanalytic sessions with children with autistic traits? / Que peut apporter une caméra dans la prise en charge psychanalytiques des enfants autistes ? / ¿Qué puede hacer una cámara en sesiones psicoanalíticas con niños con rasgos autistas?

Resumo: A questão central que norteia este trabalho é se uma câmera de registro filmográfico, que é um objeto utilizado inicialmente com fins metodológicos, poderia ter uma função terapêutica. Objetiva-se apresentar e discutir as repercussões e possibilidades referentes à presença de uma câmera em atendimentos de casos de fechamento autístico no Programa de Intervenção Precoce, em uma perspectiva psicanalítica. É uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo, a partir de vinhetas clínicas de três casos de crianças entre 2 e 3 anos. São discutidas três abordagens sobre os usos e os tipos de objetos pertencentes ao universo de um bebê, a fim de interrogar se elas poderiam auxiliar na clínica do autismo: objeto transicional, objeto tutor e objeto de mediação. Considerou-se que a câmera promoveu e sustentou encontros intersubjetivos importantes e o despertar da atenção de crianças, antes pouco interessadas por aquilo que lhes era ofertado, inaugurando um espaço de coconstrução e interludicidade.

Abstract: The central question that guides this work is about whether a film recording camera, which is an object initially used for methodological purposes, could have a therapeutic function. The aim is to present and discuss the repercussions and possibilities related to the presence of a camera in cases of autistic shutdown in the Early Intervention Program, from a psychoanalytic perspective. This is clinical-qualitative research, with content analysis, based on clinical vignettes of three cases of children, between 2 and 3 years old. Three approaches are discussed regarding the uses and types of objects belonging to a baby's universe, to ask if they could assist in the autism clinic: the transitional object, the tutor object, and the mediation object. It is considered that the camera promoted and sustained important intersubjective meetings and the awakening of children's attention, previously less interested in what was offered to them, initiating a space for co-construction and interludicity.

Résumé : La question centrale guidant ce travail porte sur l'éventuelle fonction thérapeutique d'une caméra, qui est un objet initialement utilisée à des fins méthodologiques. L'objectif est de présenter et de discuter, dans une perspective psychanalytique, les répercussions et les possibilités d'une caméra dans la prise en charge d'enfants présentant un repli autistique suivis au sein du Programme d'Intervention Précoce. C'est une recherche clinique-qualitative, avec analyse de contenu, à partir de vignettes cliniques de trois enfants, âgés de 2 à 3 ans. Trois approches concernant les usages et les types d'objets appartenant à l'univers d'un bébé seront repris, afin d'interroger s'ils pourraient aider à la clinique de l'autisme : l'objet transitionnel, l'objet tuteur et l'objet de médiation. Nous considérons que la caméra a favorisé et soutenu des rencontres intersubjectives importantes et a éveillé l'attention des enfants, auparavant peu intéressés par ce qui leur était offert, en créant un espace de co-construction et d'interludicité.

Resumen: La pregunta central que guía este trabajo gira en torno de la posibilidad de una cámara cinematográfica, un objeto inicialmente utilizado con fines metodológicos, para ser utilizada en sesiones terapéuticas. El objetivo es presentar y discutir las repercusiones y posibilidades relacionadas con la presencia de una cámara en la atención a casos de cierre autista en un Programa de Intervención Temprana, desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica. Se trata de una investigación clínico cualitativa, con análisis de contenido, a partir de viñetas clínicas de tres casos de niños, con edades de entre 2 y 3 años. Se discuten tres enfoques sobre los usos y tipos de objetos pertenecientes al universo de un bebé para observar si esto podría ayudar en la clínica del autismo: el objeto transicional, el objeto tutor y el objeto mediador. Se considera que la cámara promovió y sostuvo importantes encuentros intersubjetivos y el despertar de la atención de niños previamente poco interesados en lo que se les ofrecía, inaugurando un espacio de coconstrucción e interjuego.

The utility of mobile telephone-recorded videos as adjuncts to the diagnosis of seizures and paroxysmal events in children with suspected epileptic seizures

Background. Epilepsy is often diagnosed through clinical description, but inter-observer interpretations can be diverse and misleading. Objective. To assess the utility of smartphone videos in the diagnosis of paediatric epilepsy.Methods. The literature was reviewed for evidence to support the use of smartphone videos, inclusive of advantages, ethical practice and potential disadvantages. An existing adult-based quality of video (QOV) scoring tool was adapted for use in children. A pilot study used convenience sampling of videos from 25 patients, which were reviewed to assess the viability of the adapted QOV tool against the subsequent diagnosis for the patients with videos. The referral mechanism of the videos was reviewed for the source and consent processes followed. Results. A total of 14 studies were identified. Methodologies varied; only three focused on videos of children, and QOV was formally scored in three. Studies found that smartphone videos of good quality assisted the differentiation of epilepsy from non-epileptic events, especially with accompanying history and with more experienced clinicians. The ethics and risks of circulation of smartphone videos were briefly considered in a minority of the reports. The pilot study found that the adapted QOV tool correlated with videos of moderate and high quality and subsequent diagnostic closure.Conclusions. Data relating to the role of smartphone video of events in children is lacking, especially from low- and middle-income settings. Guidelines for caregivers to acquire good-quality videos are not part of routine practice. The ethical implications of transfer of sensitive material have not been adequately addressed for this group. Prospective multicentre studies are needed to formally assess the viability of the adapted QOV tool for paediatric videos.

Videoconferencias para residentes de Histología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus / Videoconferences to Histology residents at the Sancti Spíritus University of Medical Sciences

Fundamento: No se conoce cómo aceptan los residentes de Histología la inclusión de un sistema de videoconferencias sobre la estructura microscópica del cuerpo humano en su estrategia de autoaprendizaje. Objetivo: Explorar en profundidad la experiencia de los residentes de Histología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus que utilizaron un sistema de videoconferencias para su formación profesional. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo en el que se realizó una entrevista a profundidad con los especialistas y residentes de Histología que han utilizado el sistema de videoconferencias en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus. Se transcribieron las entrevistas, se codificaron y se seleccionaron los principales temas abordados. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 5 usuarios del sistema de videoconferencias; de la entrevista surgieron 5 temas: 1) Como los residentes insertan las videoconferencias en su estrategia de autoaprendizaje, 2) Preferencia de las videoconferencias sobre los libros de texto, 3) Aciertos y desaciertos de las videoconferencias, 4) ¿Qué aportan las videoconferencias a la formación del residente, ventajas y desventajas? y 5) Sugerencias para mejorar las videoconferencias. Conclusiones: Un sistema de videoconferencias sobre la estructura microscópica del cuerpo humano puede ocupar un papel protagónico en la estrategia de aprendizaje de residentes de Histología. La preferencia que muestran los residentes por las videoconferencias sobre otros medios didácticos puede estar asociada a la capacidad de la multimedia para disminuir la carga cognitiva y facilitar el aprendizaje cuando se siguen los principios de Mayer al elaborar estos medios. La presencia de imágenes digitales en estas videoconferencias fue clave para su aceptación.

Background: It is not known how Histology residents accept the inclusion of a videoconferencing system on the microscopic structure of the human body in their self-learning strategy. Objective: To explore to depth the experience of Histology residents at the Sancti Spíritus University of Medical Sciences who used a videoconferencing system for their professional training. Methodology: Qualitative study with in-depth interview was conducted with Histology specialists and residents who have used the videoconferencing system at the Sancti Spíritus University of Medical Sciences. The interviews were transcribed, coded and the main topics addressed were selected. Results: 5 users of the videoconferencing system were interviewed; 5 themes emerged from the interview: 1) How residents insert videoconferences into their self-learning strategy, 2) Preference for videoconferences over textbooks, 3) Successes and failures of videoconferences, 4) What do videoconferences contribute to the training of the resident, advantages and disadvantages?, 5) Suggestions to improve videoconferences. Conclusions: A videoconferencing system on the microscopic structure of the human body can play a leading role in the learning strategy of Histology residents. The preference shown by residents for videoconferencing over other teaching media may be associated with the ability of multimedia to reduce cognitive load and facilitate learning when Mayer's principles are followed to developing these media. The presence of digital images in these videoconferences was essential to their acceptance.

Planificación quirúrgica de colgajo faríngeo a medida para insuficiencia velofaríngea secundaria a fisura de paladar: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura / Surgical planning of a tailor-made pharyngeal flap for velopharyngeal insufficiency secondary to a cleft palate: case report and literature review

Resumen La insuficiencia velofaríngea (IVF) es una de las principales secuelas estructurales tras la palatoplastía primaria en casos de fisura de paladar. La IVF se caracteriza por la ausencia de tejido suficiente para lograr un cierre adecuado del mecanismo velofaríngeo durante el habla, lo que conlleva a una resonancia hipernasal y la emisión nasal de aire durante la producción de sonidos orales. Al respecto, el tratamiento ideal para corregir la IVF es quirúrgico, dentro de los cuales el colgajo faríngeo de pedículo superior es uno de los procedimientos más utilizados en nuestro país. Para su realización es fundamental determinar el ancho necesario, lo cual puede ser determinado mediante una videofluoroscopía multiplano (VFMP). Por esto, con el objetivo de potenciar el trabajo multidisciplinario en la corrección quirúrgica de la IVF, a continuación, se presentan los procedimientos de evaluación fonoaudiológica, videonasofaríngoscopía flexible y videofluoroscopía multiplano utilizados para la planificación quirúrgica de un colgajo faríngeo en un adolescente chileno diagnosticado con IVF secundaria a fisura palatina operada. Además, se describe el uso de la VFMP en la planificación quirúrgica del colgajo faríngeo mediante una revisión de literatura.

Abstract Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is one of the main structural sequelae after primary palatoplasty in cases of cleft palate. VPI is characterized by the absence of sufficient tissue to achieve adequate closure of the velopharyngeal mechanism (VFM) generating hyper-nasal resonance and nasal emission during the production of oral sounds. In cases of cleft palate, the ideal treatment to correct VPI is surgery. The upper pedicle pharyngeal flap is one of the most widely used procedures. To plan it, is essential to determine the appropriate width, which can be determined by means of multiplane videofluoroscopy (MPVF). For this reason, and with the aim of promoting multidisciplinary approach in the surgical correction of VPI, the following procedures such as speech and language evaluation, flexible videonasopharyngoscopy and multiplane videofluoroscopy used for the surgical planning of a pharyngeal flap, in a Chilean adolescent diagnosed with VPI secondary to operated cleft palate, will be presented. In addition, the use of MPVF in pharyngeal flap surgical planning is described through a literature review.

Effect of prematurity and temperament on the mother-infant interaction / Efeito da prematuridade e temperamento na interação mãe-bebê / Efecto de la prematurez y el temperamento en la interacción madre-bebé

Abstract We evaluated the effect of prematurity and the infant's temperament on the mother-infant behaviors in the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF). The study included 75 mothers and their infants (37 preterm and 38 term) between three and four months of age (corrected age for preterm infants). The mothers responded to a perception scale of the infants' temperament and the dyads were observed in a structured condition (FFSF). The FFSF Paradigm, divided into three episodes, made it possible to analyze the behaviors of: Positive Social Orientation, Negative Social Orientation and Self-comfort. The averages recorded for these categories were analyzed in a Multivariate ANOVA (factors: prematurity and temperament). Temperament had more effect on maternal and infant behaviors, suggesting that this factor may influence mother-infant interaction. The results can guide possible interventions with families. (AU)

Resumo Buscou-se avaliar o efeito da prematuridade e do tipo de temperamento do bebê sobre a interação mãe-bebê por meio do Paradigma do Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF). Participaram do estudo 75 mães e seus bebês (37 pré-termo e 38 a termo), entre três a quatro meses de vida (idade corrigida para bebês pré-termo). As mães responderam a uma escala de percepção do temperamento dos bebês e as díades foram filmadas em condição estruturada (FFSF). A filmagem, dividida em três episódios, possibilitou a análise de comportamentos de: Orientação Social Positiva, Orientação Social Negativa e Autoconforto. As médias registradas para essas categorias foram submetidas à Anova Multivariada (fatores: prematuridade e temperamento). O temperamento apresentou mais efeito sobre os comportamentos maternos e dos bebês, sugerindo que esse fator pode influenciar a interação diádica. Os resultados podem nortear possíveis intervenções junto às famílias.(AU)

Resumen Se buscó evaluar el efecto de la prematuridad y el tipo de temperamento del bebé en la interacción madre-bebé a través del Paradigma Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF). En el estudio participaron 75 madres y sus bebés (37 prematuros y 38 a término), con edades comprendidas entre los tres y los cuatro meses (edad corregida para bebés prematuros). Las madres respondieron a una escala de percepción del temperamento de los bebés y las díadas fueron filmadas en una condición estructurada (FFSF). El rodaje, dividido en tres episodios, permitió analizar los comportamientos de: Orientación Social Positiva, Orientación Social Negativa y Autoconfort. Los promedios registrados para estas categorías fueron sometidos al ANOVA Multivariado (factores: prematuridad y temperamento). El temperamento tuvo más efecto en los comportamientos maternos e infantiles, lo que sugiere que este factor puede influir en la interacción diádica. Los resultados pueden orientar posibles intervenciones con las familias. (AU)

Challenges in developmental psychology research during the COVID-19 pandemic / Desafios da pesquisa em psicologia do desenvolvimento durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Desafíos de la investigación en psicología del desarrollo durante la pandemia de COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic brought a series of restructurings necessary for research in Developmental Psychology. The aim of the manuscript is to discuss adaptations we made in our research in this context during the COVID-19 pandemic and to present strategies to adequate research protocols originally designed to occur in person. Although some contexts do not allow the continuity of studies, research at this time can bring essential contributions in this extreme period. This article explores the strategies for adapting recruitment procedures, suggesting dissemination platforms, and using social networks for this purpose. Guidelines are suggested for conducting non-face-to-face interviews with caregivers, ways of assessing the interaction of the mother-child pairs, and problematizing ethical issues. The procedures for returning the results, an ethical researcher commitment, may be improved by resources such as automatic reports. Besides, strategies for better dissemination of the results for the participants are suggested. (AU)

A pandemia COVID-19 trouxe uma série de reestruturações necessárias à pesquisa em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as adaptações que realizamos em pesquisas neste contexto durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e apresentar estratégias para adequação de protocolos de pesquisa originalmente planejados para ocorrer de forma presencial. Embora alguns contextos não permitam a continuidade dos estudos, pesquisas nesse momento podem trazer importantes contribuições sobre este período ímpar. No presente artigo são exploradas estratégias de adaptação dos procedimentos de recrutamento, sugeridas plataformas de divulgação e como melhor usar as redes sociais para esse fim. Também são descritos procedimentos para realização de entrevistas não presenciais com responsáveis, formas de avaliação da interação das duplas mãe-criança e problematizadas questões éticas. Os procedimentos de devolução dos resultados, um compromisso ético dos pesquisadores, podem ser facilitados por recursos como relatórios automáticos. Além disso, sugerimos estratégias para melhor divulgação dos resultados ao público participante. (AU)

La pandemia del COVID-19 trajo una serie de reestructuraciones necesarias para la investigación en Psicología del Desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las adaptaciones realizadas en las investigaciones en este contexto durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y presentar algunas estrategias para la adaptación de los protocolos de investigación originalmente planeados para ser presenciales. Si bien algunos contextos no permitan la continuidad de los estudios, la investigación en este momento puede aportar importantes avances sobre estos tiempos de crisis. Este artículo explora las estrategias para adaptar los procedimientos de contratación, sugiriendo algunas plataformas de difusión y la mejor manera de utilizar las redes sociales para este fin. También se describen los procedimientos para la realización de entrevistas no presenciales con padres o tutores legales, las formas de evaluar la interacción madre-hijo y las cuestiones éticas. Los procedimientos para la devolución de los resultados, un compromiso ético de los investigadores, pueden verse facilitados por funciones como informes automáticos. Además, se recomienda estrategias para una mejor difusión de los resultados al público participante. (AU)

Efectividad de una intervención de video-feedback grupal en respuesta sensible de cuidadores de residencias / Effectiveness of a video-feedback intervention in sensitivity response aimed at orphanage caregivers

Resumen: El presente estudio evaluó la efectividad de una intervención de video-feedback grupal en cuidadores chilenos de residencias de preescolares y lactantes que tenía como objetivo promover la respuesta sensible. La sensibilidad del adulto se ha asociado al desarrollo de apegos seguros por parte de los infantes a su cargo. Precisamente niñas y niños que crecen en un contexto residencial tienen muchas veces alterado el sistema de apego. El estudio comprendió una muestra de 14 cuidadores diurnos de la Fundación San José divididos en 4 grupos que recibieron cada uno 5 sesiones de video-feedback. Se encontraron diferencias significativas previo y posterior a la intervención en el puntaje de sensibilidad total, en la subescala de responsividad y en la de sintonía. Los resultados preliminares son prometedores considerando que es una intervención novedosa.

Abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a group video-feedback intervention aimed at Chilean caregivers of a preschool and infants orphanage that intended to enhance adult sensitivity. Adult sensitivity has been associated with the development of secure attachments in children. Nevertheless, infants that grow in an institutional setting tend to have insecure attachment patterns. The study included a sample of 14 caregivers of Fundación San José institution, which were divided in 4 groups each receiving 5 sessions of video-feedback. Differences were found between the general score of sensitivity and the subscales of responsivity and synchronicity before and after the intervention. These preliminary results are promising considering that it was the first time that a group video-feedback intervention had been applied in orphanage caregivers.

Effects of open board lecture videos on anatomy / Efectos de los videos de conferencias de tablero abierto sobre anatomía

SUMMARY: COVID-19 has forced anatomists to perform non-face-to-face education using lecture videos. A Korean anatomist has given (white and black) board lectures and distributed lecture videos to the public for many years. This study was to verify the effects of open board lecture videos in the anatomy field. A questionnaire survey was carried out with the help of medical students who were exposed to the board lecture videos. The video provider uploaded the lecture videos on YouTube, where the viewing numbers were counted. At a medical school where the video provider belonged, the students mainly watched the lecture videos before the anatomy class. The watching hours of the lecture videos were related to the written examination scores. Students gave positive and negative comments on the board lectures. At the other two medical schools, students partly watched the lecture videos regardless of the teacher who delivered the lectures. The results suggested that students understood the board lectures themselves. On YouTube, the lecture videos were viewed by approximately 1,000 students. This paper introduces the desirable aspects of open board lecture videos on anatomy. The videos could enhance the quality of both students and teacher.

RESUMEN: COVID-19 ha obligado a los anatomistas a realizar una enseñanza no presencial mediante videos de conferencias. Un anatomista coreano ha impartido conferencias (en blanco y negro) y ha distribuido videos de conferencias al público durante muchos años. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los efectos de los videos de conferencias de pizarra abierta en el campo de la anatomía. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta con la ayuda de estudiantes de medicina que habían sido expuestos a los videos de conferencias de la pizarra. El proveedor de videos subió los videos de las conferencias a YouTube, donde se contabilizó el número de visualizaciones. En una facultad de medicina a la que pertenecía el proveedor de videos, los estudiantes vieron principalmente los videos de conferencias antes de la clase de anatomía. Las horas de revisión de los vídeos de las conferencias se relacionaron con las puntuaciones de los exámenes escritos. Los estudiantes dieron comentarios positivos y negativos sobre las conferencias de la pizarra. En las otras dos facultades de medicina, los estudiantes vieron parcialmente los videos de las clases, independientemente del profesor que las impartiera. Los resultados sugerían que los estudiantes entendieron las conferencias de la pizarra por sí mismos. En YouTube, los videos de las conferencias fueron vistos por aproximadamente 1000 estudiantes. Este artículo presenta los aspectos deseables de los videos de conferencias abiertas sobre anatomía. Los videos podrían mejorar la calidad tanto de los estudiantes como del profesor.

Perfis artísticos em dança: os casos de Lac e Les Poupées / Perfiles artísticos en la danza: los casos de Lac y Les Poupées / Artistic profiles in dance: the cases of Lac and Les Poupées

Este estudo tem por objeto a descrição de traços presentes em perfis artísticos em dança que reconhecemos por sua estabilidade e persistência. Toma como primeira investidura os casos de Lac (Sandro Borelli) e Les Poupées (Marta Soares). Com o modelo do Big Five - os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade - é possível o recorte de grupos de gestos e movimentos, comportamento não verbal, os que persistem como ação e reação, os quais são receptivos e reativos à própria ação, os insistentes a olho nu. Fazemos uso da observação e, consequentemente, interpretação a partir de gravação em DVDs em sistema de forward and rewind - avançar e retroceder - e freeze, o congelar das imagens de gravações em vídeo. Os perfis em arte são habitualmente estudados em acordo com o grau de aproximação e afastamento de um determinado fator da personalidade do artista e não como motivo independente no produto artístico. (AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir las características que configuran los perfiles artísticos en danza con los que reconocemos su estabilidad y persistencia a lo largo de la producción escénica de un determinado artista. Toma a Lac (Sandro Borelli) y Les Poupées (Marta Soares) como su primera investidura. Con el modelo Big Five, los cinco factores principales de la personalidad, es posible cortar grupos de gestos y movimientos, aquellos que persisten como acción y reacción, qué tan receptivos y reactivos a la acción misma, lo insistente a simple vista. Los perfiles de arte se estudian de acuerdo con el grado de aproximación y distancia de un determinado factor en la personalidad del artista. No parece haber ningún interés en entender el producto artístico como algo para ganar un perfil como un motivo independiente de la personalidad del artista. (AU)

This study aims to describe the features present in artistic profiles in dance which we recognize for their stability and persistence. It takes as his first investiture the cases of Lac (Sandro Borelli) and Les Poupées (Marta Soares). With the Big Five model - the five great personality factors - it is possible to cut out groups of gestures and movements, non-verbal behavior, those that persist as action and reaction, how receptive and reactive they are to the action itself, the insistent ones to the naked eye. We make use of observation and, consequently, interpretation based on recording on DVDs in a forward and rewind system - forward and backward - and freeze, the freezing of the images of video recordings. Profiles in art are usually studied according to the degree of approximation and distance from a certain factor of the artist's personality and not as an independent motive in the artistic product. (AU)

Abordaje intraoral con asistencia endoscópica para las fracturas de cóndilo mandibular: descripción de una serie de casos / Intraoral approach with endoscopic assistance for mandibular condyle fractures: a case series

Objetivo: Describir una serie de casos de fracturas de cóndilo mandibular resueltas por abordaje intraoral y asistencia video-endoscópica. Casos clínicos: Se presentan 3 casos de pacientes con fracturas de cóndilo mandibular unilateral. Dos casos presen- tan un segundo trazo de fractura parasinfisiaria asociada. El tratamiento realizado fue la reducción abierta y la fijación in- terna de todas las fracturas por abordaje oral. Se realizaron controles clínicos y tomográficos mediatos y a distancia (AU)

Aim: To present the experience with a series of cases re- solved by an intraoral approach and video-endoscopic assis- tance for the management of mandibular condyle fractures. Clinical cases: Three cases of patients with unilater- al mandibular condyle fractures are presented. Two of the cases presented a second line of associated parasymphyseal fracture. The treatment performed was open reduction and internal fixation of all fractures by oral approach. Mid-term and long-term clinical and tomographic follow-ups were per- formed, with favorable results (AU)

Application of 3d analysis technology of vision system image in sports medicine / Aplicação da tecnologia de análise 3d de imagens do sistema de visão na medicina esportiva / Aplicación de la tecnología de análisis 3d de la imagen del sistema de visión en medicina deportiva

ABSTRACT Background: Objective: The study of sports biomechanics in sports medicine usually requires a special image analysis system (software) to obtain 3D kinematics data. Taking the swimming project in sports medicine as an example, 3D water images in water have always been relatively complicated and difficult. As light travels in different media, it will refract and reflect. When testing underwater movements, if only a land camera or an underwater camera is used for testing, the error caused by light refraction will be larger, which will affect the accuracy of the test data even more. Methods: Taking breaststroke movement as an example, a three-dimensional measurement method based on the Kwon3D movement analysis system is introduced. This method is different from the simple underwater camera test. It is a three-dimensional test method combining a land camera and an underwater camera. Two underwater cameras and two land cameras were used to simultaneously calibrate the water and underwater space with the same calibration frame in the experiment after analyzing and verifying the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. Results: The comprehensive reconstruction error is small, and the average relative error is less than 1%. Conclusions: The application of three-dimensional image analysis technology of vision systems in sports medicine is reasonable and worth promoting. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Antecedente: Objetivo: O estudo da biomecânica do esporte na medicina esportiva geralmente requer o uso de um sistema especial de análise de imagens (software) para a obtenção de dados cinemáticos 3D. Tomando o projeto de natação na medicina esportiva como exemplo, a análise de imagens 3D da água na água sempre foi um teste relativamente complicado e difícil. À medida que a luz viaja em diferentes meios, ela refratará e refletirá. Ao testar movimentos subaquáticos, se apenas uma câmera terrestre ou subaquática for usada para o teste, o erro causado pela refração da luz será maior, o que afetará a precisão dos dados de teste ainda mais. Métodos: Tomando o movimento de nado peito como exemplo, um método de medição tridimensional baseado no sistema de análise de movimento Kwon3D é introduzido. Este método é diferente do teste simples de câmera subaquática. É um método de teste tridimensional que combina uma câmera terrestre e uma câmera subaquática. No experimento, duas câmeras subaquáticas e duas câmeras terrestres foram usadas para calibrar simultaneamente a água e o espaço subaquático com o mesmo quadro de calibração. Depois de analisar e verificar a precisão da reconstrução 3D. Resultados: O erro de reconstrução abrangente é pequeno e o erro relativo médio é inferior a 1% Conclusões: A aplicação da tecnologia de análise de imagem tridimensional do sistema de visão na medicina esportiva é razoável e vale a pena promover. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Antecedente: Objetivo: El estudio de la biomecánica del deporte en la medicina deportiva generalmente requiere el uso de un sistema de análisis de imágenes especial (software) para obtener datos de cinemática 3D. Tomando como ejemplo el proyecto de natación en medicina deportiva, el análisis de imágenes de agua en 3D en el agua siempre ha sido una prueba relativamente complicada y difícil. A medida que la luz viaja en diferentes medios, se refractará y reflejará. Al probar los movimientos bajo el agua, si solo se utiliza una cámara terrestre o una cámara submarina para realizar la prueba, el error causado por la refracción de la luz será mayor, lo que afectará aún más la precisión de los datos de la prueba. Métodos: tomando como ejemplo el movimiento de la brazada, se introduce un método de medición tridimensional basado en el sistema de análisis de movimiento Kwon3D. Este método es diferente de la simple prueba de cámara subacuática. Es un método de prueba tridimensional que combina una cámara terrestre y una cámara submarina. En el experimento, se utilizaron dos cámaras submarinas y dos cámaras terrestres para calibrar simultáneamente el agua y el espacio submarino con el mismo marco de calibración. Después de analizar y verificar la precisión de la reconstrucción 3D. Resultados: el error de reconstrucción integral es pequeño y el error relativo promedio es inferior al 1%. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la tecnología de análisis de imágenes tridimensionales del sistema de visión en la medicina deportiva es razonable y vale la pena promoverla. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Simulación de intubación pediátrica con videolaringoscopio de bajo costo en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 / Simulation of pediatric intubation using a low-cost videolaryngoscope in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic

En pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 la intubación endotraqueal es un procedimiento con riesgo elevado de contagio. La videolaringoscopia complementa la protección del profesional, pero los videolaringoscopios comerciales son caros y no siempre están disponibles en las terapias intensivas pediátricas argentinas. El objetivo fue describir la práctica de intubación en un modelo de cabeza de simulación de lactante con un videolaringoscopio artesanal de bajo costo.Quince pediatras sin experiencia previa con el dispositivo participaron de una práctica de intubación en una cabeza de simulación con un videolaringoscopio artesanal. El tiempo promedio del primer intento fue de 116,4 segundos (intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC95 %]: 84,8-148,0) y, el del siguiente fue de 44,2 segundos (IC95 %: 27,7­60,6). El tiempo disminuyó de forma significativa en el segundo intento (p : 0,0001). El dispositivo permitió la intubación exitosa en todos los intentos acortando la duración del procedimiento en la segunda práctica

In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, endotracheal intubation is a procedure with a high risk for transmission. A videolaryngoscopy is a supplementary level of health care provider protection, but commercial videolaryngoscopes are expensive and not always available in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina. Our objective was to describe intubation practice using an infant head mannequin with a low-cost, handcrafted videolaryngoscope.Fifteen pediatricians with no prior experience using the device participated in an intubation practice in a head mannequin with a handcrafted videolaryngoscope. The average time for the first attempt was 116.4 seconds (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 84.8-148.0) and, for the second one, 44.2 seconds (95 % CI: 27.7-60.6). Time decreased significantly for the second attempt (p: 0.0001).A successful intubation was achieved with the device in all attempts, and the procedure duration decreased with the second practice

High speed digital videolaringoscopy: evaluation of vocal nodules and cysts in women / Videolaringoscopia digital de alta velocidade: avaliação de nódulos e cistos de pregas vocais de mulheres

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate and compare the parameters of Digital kymography obtained through the High-speed Videolaryngoscopy of women without laryngeal disorders, of women with vocal fold nodules and of women with vocal cysts. Methods A cross-sectional observational study in which 60 women aged 18 years and 45 years were selected. Three study groups were formed: 20 women without laryngeal disorder forming the control group (Group 1), 20 women with diagnosis of vocal fold nodules forming Group 2 and 20 women with diagnosis of vocal cysts forming Group 3. Subsequently the participants were evaluated by High-speed Videolaryngoscopy for analysis and comparison of laryngeal images using Digital kymography. The laryngeal parameters processed by the program KIPS® were: minimum, maximum and mean opening; dominant amplitude of the left and right vocal folds; dominant frequency of the right and left vocal folds; and close. Results The analysis of Digital kymography suggests that the presence of the vocal fold nodules and the vocal cysts tend to restrict more to the maximum and minimum opening of the vocal fold and the dominant amplitude of the opening variation in the middle region of the glottis. Conclusion Digital kymography parameters were similar in the presence of vocal fold nodules and vocal cysts lesions.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar e comparar os parâmetros da videoquimografia digital obtidos pela videolaringoscopia de alta velocidade de mulheres sem alterações laríngeas, de mulheres com nódulos de prega vocal e de mulheres com cistos vocais. Método Estudo observacional transversal, no qual foram selecionadas 60 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 45 anos. Três grupos foram formados: 20 mulheres sem alterações laríngeas formando o grupo controle (Grupo 1), 20 mulheres com diagnóstico de nódulos nas pregas vocais formando o Grupo 2 e 20 mulheres com diagnóstico de cistos vocais formando o Grupo 3. Posteriormente, os participantes foram avaliados por Videolaringoscopia de alta velocidade para análise e comparação de imagens da laringe usando videoquimografia digital. Os parâmetros videoquimográficos avaliados pelo programa KIPS® foram: aberturas mínima, máxima e média; amplitudes da prega vocal direita e esquerda; frequências da abertura da prega vocal direita e esquerda; e fechamento. Resultados A análise da videoquimografia digital sugere que a presença dos nódulos e dos cistos de pregas vocais tendem a restringir a abertura máxima e média da prega vocal e a amplitude dominante da variação de abertura na região média da glote. Conclusão Os parâmetros da videoquimografia digital foram semelhantes na presença de nódulos nas pregas vocais e lesões de cistos vocais.