Реферат
Introducción: El síndrome metabólico es un conjunto de anomalías metabólicas como obesidad, dislipidemia, intolerancia a la glucosa e hipertensión arterial. Se realizó estudio experimental, longitudinal prospectivo en la Unidad de Toxicología Experimental de Villa Clara, periodo septiembre del 2016 y julio del 2019. Objetivo: Evaluar las modificaciones del crecimiento de los fetos de ratas con síndrome metabólico, con respecto al grupo control. Métodos: Se crearon dos grupos, uno de control y otro de estudio con síndrome metabólico inducido. Las variables estudiadas fueron: peso, talla y diámetros craneanos. Se utilizó el programa Excel 2010 y el SPSS versión 15.0 para Windows, la prueba Chi Cuadrado, y como estadístico de decisión, la significación de Monte Carlo. Resultados: Los fetos de ratas con síndrome metabólico inducido tuvieron mayor peso y talla. Conclusiones: El síndrome metabólico influyó en la ganancia del peso y la talla en los fetos en vida prenatal, al incrementar la probabilidad de macrosomía al momento del nacimiento.
Introduction: metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and arterial hypertension. An experimental, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in the Villa Clara Experimental Toxicology Unit from September 2016 to July 2019. Objective: to evaluate the changes in the growth of rat fetuses with metabolic syndrome, with respect to the control group. Methods: two groups with induced metabolic syndrome were created, one for control and the other for study. Weight, height and cranial diameters were the studied variables. The Excel 2010 program and SPSS version 15.0 for Windows and the Chi Square test were used, as well as the Monte Carlo significance as statistical decision. Results: rat fetuses with induced metabolic syndrome had greater weight and height. Conclusions: the metabolic syndrome influenced the weight and height gain in prenatal fetuses, increasing the probability of macrosomia at birth.
Тема - темы
Fetal Weight , Metabolic Syndrome , Weight by HeightРеферат
Introducción: El crecimiento de los niños es un fenómeno complejo determinado genéticamente y modulado por un conjunto de factores ambientales interrelacionados. Objetivo: Analizar el crecimiento y estado nutricional de escolares. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo (marzo a mayo 2019), 3802 escolares (5 a 12 años) Caracas, Miranda y Bolívar, instituciones privadas vulnerables. Variables, peso, talla y circunferencia cintura. Se analizó, crecimiento con referencias internacional (OMS) y nacional (Proyecto Venezuela). Estado nutricional con el patrón de referencia OMS, talla-edad, Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Resultados: Escolares de Bolívar más altos que Caracas-Miranda. Los caraqueños-mirandinos presentaron mayor IMC que los de Bolívar, significativas para p>0.05 en algunas edades. Los escolares de Caracas-Miranda y Bolívar resultaron más altos y pesados- IMC que la referencia nacional y las niñas hasta los 8 años. Los de Bolívar presentaron talla e IMC menor que la referencia internacional. Los escolares de Caracas-Miranda resultaron con menor talla y un IMC mayor que la OMS. La talla baja y muy baja, en los niños de Bolívar, varió entre 5,8% y 7,4% y en Caracas-Miranda entre 4,5% y 10,8%. El peso bajo y muy bajo en Bolívar varió entre 1,4% y 9,7% y en Caracas- Miranda 1,5% a 5,8%. Conclusión: Las diferencias en el crecimiento y estado nutricional entre los escolares, refleja desigualdades en las condiciones de vida y en el bienestar, que deberían ser tomadas en cuenta en el diseño de políticas públicas, orientadas a superar los factores ambientales desfavorables que limitan el crecimiento y desarrollo integral(AU)
Children's growth is a complex phenomenon genetically determined and modulated by a set of interrelated environmental factors. Objective: Analyze the growth and nutritional status of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study (March to May 2019), 3802 schoolchildren (5 to 12 years) in Caracas, Miranda, and Bolívar, vulnerable private institutions. Variables, weight, height, and waist circumference. Growth was analyzed with international (WHO) and national (Venezuela Project) references. Nutritional status with the WHO reference standard, height- age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: Bolívar schoolchildren are taller than Caracas-Miranda. Those from Caracas-Miranda had a higher BMI than those from Bolívar, significant at p>0.05 at some ages. The schoolchildren from Caracas-Miranda and Bolívar were taller and heavier - BMI than the national reference and girls up to 8 years old. Those from Bolívar had a BMI higher than the national reference but had a height and BMI lower than the international reference. The schoolchildren from Caracas- Miranda were smaller in height and had a BMI higher than the WHO. Short and very short stature, in the children of Bolívar, varied between 5.8% and 7.4%, and in Caracas-Miranda between 4.5% and 10.8%. The low and very low weight in Bolívar varied between 1.4% and 9.7% and in Caracas-Miranda 1.5% to 5.8%. Conclusion: The differences in growth and nutritional status among schoolchildren reflect inequalities in living conditions and well-being, which should be considered in the design of public policies, aimed at overcoming unfavorable environmental factors that limit growth and development. comprehensive(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Students , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Weight by Height , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Growth and Development , Waist-Height RatioТема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Weight by Height , Body Weight , Bone Development , Growth and Development , Risk Factors , Malnutrition , Social FactorsРеферат
El objetivo es comparar el IMC con el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el peso ideal, para complementar el IMC en el diagnóstico de obesidad, de un grupo de adultos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, prospectivo y correlacional, en una muestra de 797 adultos con edad entre 17 y 96 años, atendidos en diferentes centros clínicos de Caracas, entre 2015 y 2018. Las variables son: edad, peso, talla y se calcularon el IMC, porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) y peso ideal (PI). Se clasificaron por sexo, grupo etáreo y según el IMC en normalidad y obesidad. Se utilizaron dos fórmulas para el PGC: Deurenberg y Regresión; y tres fórmulas para PI: Lorenz, Ramírez et al y Broca. Se obtuvieron medidas descriptivas, asociación, correlación, comparación de promedios y prueba de normalidad, mediante el soîware Excel, Epidat.2. Resultados: Promedios de IMC y PGC aumentan hasta los 40 años y disminuye hasta los 79 años, las variables Talla PI Broca, e IMC- PGCR correlacionan bien (r>0,75). Los promedios del IMC, PGCD, PGCR, PI Broca y PI Lorenz, según sexo, son significativos (p<0,000); para el IMC, en Normalidad y Obesidad, los promedios de peso, IMC, PGCD y PGCR son mayores en grupo de Obesidad, y significativos (p<0,000). La prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Francia comprobó que la distribución del IMC, PGCD, PGCR y PI Lorenz, provienen de una población distribuida normalmente (p< 0,000). Conclusiones: el IMC aun cuando es utilizado más frecuentemente para diagnosticar obesidad, clasifica con normalidad, a quienes tienen un alto porcentaje de grasa corporal(AU)
The objective is to compare BMI with the percentage of body fat and ideal weight, to supplement BMI in the diagnosis of obesity, from a group of adults. METHODS: descriptive, cross-cutting, prospective and correlational study, in a sample of 797 adults between 17 and 96 years old, attended in different clinical centers of Caracas, between 2015 and 2018. the variables are: age, weight, size and BMI was calculated, percentage of body fat (BFP) and ideal weight (IW). they were classified by sex, age group and BMI in normality and obesity. Two formulas were used for BFP: Deurenberg and Regression; and three formulas for IW: Lorenz, Ramirez-Lopez et al and Broca. Descriptive measures, association, correlation, average comparison and normality test were obtained, using Excel software, Epidat.2. RESULT: BMI and BFP averages increase to 40 years and decrease to age 79, the variables Size IW Broca, and BMI- BFPR correlate well (r>0.75). îe average BMI, BFPD, BFPR, IW Broca and IW Lorenz, depending on gender, are significant (p<0.000); for BMI, in Normality and Obesity, the weight averages, BMI, BFPD and BFPR are higher in the Obesity group, and significant (p<0,000). the Shapiro-France normality test found that the distribution of BMI, BFPD, BFPR and IW Lorenz, comes from a normally distributed population (p< 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: BMI even though it is most commonly used to diagnose obesity, it classifies normally, those with a high percentage of body fat(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Body Mass Index , Body Fat Distribution , Ideal Body Weight , Socioeconomic Factors , Weight by Height , Body Composition , ObesityРеферат
Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal y correlacional, cuyo objetivo es relacionar dos fórmulas para calcular el IMC, con otros indicadores, en un grupo de adultos. METODOS: La muestra es de 137 adultos pacientes que asistieron a consulta en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Las variables son: edad, peso, talla, IMC-Q, IMC-O, CC,ICT, IPCC y PGC. Se obtuvieron promedios, desviaciones, porcentajes y pruebas z y Mann Whitney para comparar medias y Mediana. RESULTADOS: Los promedios del IMC-Q similares en los dos sexos, y del IMC-O mayor en el sexo femenino. Las dos fórmulas para calcular el IMC dan como resultado que en Bajo peso el porcentaje mayor con IMC-O, porcentaje de Sobrepeso mayor con IMC-Q y significativo (p<0,000) y porcentajes de Peso saludable y Obesidad son iguales. Promedios iguales, por grupo, del PGC para las dos fórmulas del IMC, y aumentan desde Peso saludable hasta Obesidad. El Coeficiente de Variación, revela más homogeneidad en el IMC-O (18,41%vs 25,21%). IMC-Q correlaciona con peso (0,91), CC (0,92)e ICT (0,93); el IMC-O con peso (0,97), CC (0,83) e IPCC(0,90). La prueba de Mann Whitney revela que los promedios por sexo son significativos (p<0,000), al igual que los promedios del IPCC por sexo (p<0,000). Además, los indicadores IMC Oxford, CC, ICT e IPCC tienen Sensibilidad de 92,3%, 92,3% y92,3%, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El IMC Oxford por su algo complicada fórmula de cálculo, no es recomendable para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad, en adultos(AU)
Descriptive, prospective, transversal and correlational study, whose objective is to relate two formulas for calculating BMI, with other indicators, in a group of adults. METHODS: the sample is of 137 adult patients who attended consultation at the University Hospital of Caracas. the variables are: age,weight, size, BMI-Q, BMI-O, WC, WSI, WCWP and BFP. Averages, deviations, percentages and z-tests and Mann Whitney were obtained to compare averages and Median. RESULTS: Similar BMI-Q averages in both sexes, and older BMI-O infemale sex. the two formulas for calculating BMI result in the highest percentage with BMI-O, higher overweight percentage with BMI-Q and significant (p<0.000) and percentages of Healthy Weight and Obesity equal. Equal averages, per group, of BFP for the two BMI formulas, and increase from HealthyWeight to Obesity. îe Coefficient of Variation reveals morehomogeneity in BMI-O (18.41% vs 25.21%). BMI-Q correlateswith weight (0.91), WC (0.92) and WSI (0.93); IMC-O withweight (0.97), WC (0.83) and WCWI (0.90). Whitney's testreveals that averages by sex are significant (p<0,000), as are IPCC averages per sex (p<0.000). In addition, the BMI Oxford,WC, WSI and WCWI indicators have sensitivity of 92,3%,92.3% and 92.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: the BMI Oxford for its somewhat complicated calculation formula is not recommended to evaluate overweight and obesity, in adults(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Obesity , Weight by Height , Anthropometry , Morbidity , Mortality , OverweightРеферат
Sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food consumption have been associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective. Was to analyze consumption of non-alcoholic beverage and fast-food consumption among first- and fourth-year nursing students. Materials and methods. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among first-and fourth-year nursing students in Madrid, Spain. Anthropometric data (weight and height) and demographic data were collected, as were data on consumption of specific foods and beverages. Results. The survey was completed by 436 students. Mean (SD) age was 22.0 (6.8) years, 84.1 % of were women.26.2 % of the students were underweight; 6.3 % were overweight. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and diet drinks was moderate. Slightly more than three-quarters of the students (75.5 %) purchased fast food in the previous month. Burger bars were the most frequently visited fast-food outlet (77.2 %). A direct relationship was observed between BMI and fast-food consumption (rho = 0.099; p = 0.042) and between BMI and consumption of diet cola or carbonated drinks (rho = 0.120; p = 0.013). Conclusion. We provide new epidemiological data from a specific university population that could be useful to promote more studies that help design appropriate strategies to increase a healthy lifestyle(AU)
Las bebidas azucaradas y el consumo de comida rápida se han asociado con enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo. Analizar el consumo de bebidas no alcohólicas y el consumo de comida rápida entre estudiantes universitarios de primer y cuarto curso de enfermería. Materiales y métodos. Cuestionario validado entre estudiantes de enfermería de primer y cuarto año en Madrid, España. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos (peso y altura) y demográficos, así como datos sobre consumo de alimentos y bebidas específicos. Resultados. La encuesta fue completada por 436 estudiantes. La edad media (DE) fue de 22,0 (6,8) años, el 84,1 % eran mujeres; el 26,2 % de los estudiantes tenían bajo peso y el 6,3% mostraban sobrepeso. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas y bebidas dietéticas fue moderado. Más de tres cuartas partes de estudiantes (75,5%) compraron comida rápida en el mes anterior. Las hamburgueserías fueron el restaurante de comida rápida más visitado (77,2%). Se observó una relación directa entre el IMC y el consumo de comida rápida (rho = 0,099; p = 0,042) y entre el IMC y el consumo de refrescos dietéticos o bebidas gaseosas (rho = 0,120; p = 0,013). Conclusión. Aportamos nuevos datos epidemiológicos de una población universitaria concreta, que podrían ser de utilidad para promover más estudios que ayuden a diseñar estrategias adecuadas para incrementar un estilo de vida saludable(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Nursing , Fast Foods , Sugar-Sweetened Beverages , Spain , Universities , Weight by Height , Body Mass Index , Anthropometry , Surveys and Questionnaires , OverweightРеферат
El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es una eficaz herramienta para detectar la sobrecarga ponderal en niños y adolescentes, asociado a la adiposidad corporal. Objetivo. Analizar la concordancia, sensibilidad y especificidad de tres referencias internacionales de IMC/edad (OMS, IOTF y CDC) para diagnosticar el exceso ponderal y conocer su precisión diagnóstica para identificar el exceso de adiposidad con relación al área grasa braquial (AGB) en población infanto juvenil de Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo-comparativo y transversal entre 2003 y 2008, en 22.658 niños y adolescentes argentinos de 4 a 13 años de edad. A partir del peso, talla, circunferencia del brazo y pliegue tricipital, se calcularon IMC y AGB. Se analizó la concordancia, sensibilidad y especificidad de referencias de IMC/edad (OMS, CDC, IOTF) y la precisión diagnóstica (curvas ROC) para identificar exceso de adiposidad, a partir del AGB, así como el punto de corte óptimo (PCO). Resultados. Las tres referencias tuvieron buena concordancia. La mayor sensibilidad correspondió a OMS y la mayor especificidad a IOTF. El área bajo la curva (ABC) fue mayor en Z-IMC/IOTF en varones y en Z-IMC/OMS en mujeres. Los PCO mostraron discrepancias, siendo mayores con OMS. Conclusión. Las tres referencias muestran similar precisión diagnóstica para detectar alta reserva calórica, con puntos de corte óptimo para las puntuaciones Z-IMC menores a 2 Z scores. Esto resulta relevante para la identificación de exceso de adiposidad en poblaciones, en relación con la implementación de políticas públicas de prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles(AU)
The body mass index (BMI) is an effective tool to detect weight overload in children and adolescents, associated with body adiposity. Objective. To analyze the concordance, sensitivity and specificity of three international BMI/age references (WHO, IOTF and CDC) to diagnose excess weight and to know their diagnostic accuracy to identify excess adiposity in relation to the brachial fat area (BFA) in Argentine child-youth population. Materials and methods. A multicenter, descriptive- comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out between 2003 and 2008 in 22.658 Argentine children and adolescents between aged 4 to 13 years. From the weight, height, arm circumference and tricipital fold, BMI and BFA were calculated. The concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of BMI / age references (WHO, IOTF, CDC,) were analyzed and the diagnostic precision (ROC curves) to identify excess adiposity, from the BFA, as well as the optimal cut-off point (OCP). Results. The three references had good agreement, the highest sensitivity corresponded to WHO and the highest specificity to IOTF. The area under the curve (AUC) was greater in Z-BMI/IOTF in men and in Z-BMI/WHO in women. The OCPs showed discrepancies, being higher with WHO. Conclusion. The three references show similar diagnostic accuracy to detect high caloric reserve, but with cut-off points for Z-BMI scores less than 2 Z scores. This is relevant for the identification of excess adiposity in populations in relation to the implementation of public policies for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Mid-Upper Arm Circumference , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Body Fat Distribution , Students , Weight by Height , Malnutrition , Pediatric ObesityРеферат
La doble carga de la desnutrición y el exceso de peso (o mala nutrición) es uno de los indicadores que mejor ilustra las inequidades en salud que existen en zonas indígenas de México. Por otro lado, existe escasa evidencia del estado de nutrición en población Tarahumara. Objetivo: Estimar indicadores del estado de nutrición y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos en población indígena Tarahumara menor de 5 años. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 21 localidades indígenas de la Sierra Tarahumara en Chihuahua, México, que analizó información sociodemográfica, de salud y antropométrica en población infantil de 6 a 59 meses de edad (n=323). Se estimaron índices antropométricos y su asociación con variables de interés mediante regresión logística múltiple. Un valor de p ≤0,05 fue considerado como estadísticamente significativo. Todos los análisis se realizaron en el paquete estadístico Stata v14.2. Resultados: Se encontraron altas prevalencias de talla baja (44,4%), emaciación (5,3%), bajo peso (11,9%) y sobrepeso (15,2%). El sexo masculino se asoció significativamente con talla baja (Razón de Momios (RM)=2,5; 1,45-4,34), mientras que, ninguna escolaridad de la madre (RM=0,39; 0,15-0,99) y ser beneficiario de un programa local de nutrición por más de 2 años se asoció con sobrepeso (RM=2,97; 1,26 -6,97). Conclusión: Se encontraron indicadores de mala nutrición en la muestra estudiada; éstos hallazgos podrían sugerir la existencia de inequidad y rezago en salud y nutrición de población infantil indígena Tarahumara. Se requieren más estudios que puedan orientar programas y acciones de salud y nutrición para atender a esta población de forma prioritaria(AU)
The double burden of malnutrition and excess weight (or poor nutrition) is one of the indicators that best illustrates the health inequities that exist in indigenous areas of Mexico. On the other hand, there is scarce evidence of the nutritional status of the Tarahumara population. Objective: To estimate indicators of the nutritional status and its association with sociodemographic factors in the Tarahumara indigenous population under 5 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 21 indigenous localities of the Sierra Tarahumara in Chihuahua, Mexico, which analyzed sociodemographic, health and anthropometric information in children from 6 to 59 months of age (n=323). Anthropometric indices and their association with variables of interest was estimated by multiple logistic regression. A value of p ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyzes were performed using the Stata v14.2 statistical package. Results: It were founded high prevalences of short stature (44.4%), emaciation (5.3%), underweight (11.9%) and overweight (15.2%). Male sex was significantly associated with short stature (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.5; 1.45-4.34), while no education of the mother (OR = 0.39; 0.15-0.99) and being a beneficiary of a local nutrition program for more than 2 years it was associated with being overweight (OR = 2.97; 1.26-6.97). Conclusion: Indicators of malnutrition and overweight were founded in the sample studied; these findings suggest inequity and delays in health and nutrition of the indigenous Tarahumara child population. More research is required that can guide health and nutrition programs and actions to serve this indigenous population as a priority(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Weight by Height , Nutrition Programs , Cross-Sectional Studies , Indigenous Peoples , Social Class , Social Conditions , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition , Overweight , Nutritional SciencesРеферат
Abstract Objectives: to investigate the relation between maternal overweight and child's anthropometric indices, identifying the interaction with the child's age. Methods: a cross-sectional study with mothers and their children under 2 years old. The mothers' body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. In children, we calculated height/age (H/A), body mass index/age (BMI/A), weight/height (W/H) and weight/age (W/A) indices. The means of the anthropometric indices of children with excess weight and maternal cardiometabolic risk were compared. Mothers and children's anthropometric indices were correlated. Linear regression models were proposed. We investigated the child's age interaction with anthropometric variables of the dyad. Results: the means of BMI/A and W/H were higher in children of overweight mothers and the means of BMI/A, W/H and W/A were higher when mothers had increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. There was an association of maternal weight and height with the W/A index; maternal BMI with W/H; maternal height with H/A; maternal weight, BMI and waist circumference with BMI/A. The children's age did not interact with the assessed parameters. Conclusion: children under 2 years of age, whose mothers are overweight, tend to show changes in weight, regardless of age.
Resumo Objetivos: investigar a relação do excesso de peso materno com índices antropométricosinfantis, identificando a interação da idade da criança. Métodos: estudo transversal com mães e seus filhos menores de 2 anos. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura quadril e relação cintura estaturadas mães. Nas crianças, calculou-se os índices estatura/idade (E/I), índice de massa corporal/idade (IMC/I), peso/estatura (P/E) e peso/idade (P/I). Comparou-se as médias dos índices antropométricos das crianças com excesso de peso e risco cardiometabólico materno. Correlacionou-se índices antropométricos infantis e maternos. Modelos de regressão linear foram propostos. Foi investigada interação da idade da criança com variáveis antropométricas da díade. Resultados: as médias do IMC/I e P/E foram maiores em filhos de mães com excesso de peso e as médias do IMC/I, P/E e P/I foram maiores quando mães apresentaram risco aumentado para doenças cardiometabólicas. Verificou-se associação do peso e estatura materna com o índice P/I; do IMC materno com P/E; da estatura materna com E/I; do peso, IMC e perímetro da cintura materna com IMC/I. A idade das crianças não interagiu com os parâmetros avaliados. Conclusão: crianças menores de 2 anos, cujas mães têm excesso de peso, tendem a apresentar alteração no peso, independente da idade.
Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Body Weights and Measures , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Child Nutrition , Maternal Nutrition , Feeding Behavior , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Weight by Height , Comorbidity , Stature by AgeРеферат
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a composição corporal com utilização do DXA e correlacioná-la com a idade cronológica em adolescentes pós-púberes, de ambos os sexos. Participaram da pesquisa 46 adolescentes em fase pós-puberal, sendo 27 meninas (17,23±0,98) e 19 meninos (17,65±0,74) de ensino médio de uma escola estadual da Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas uma anamnese, avaliação antropométrica e o DXA para avaliações. O teste U de Mann Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foram utilizados, adotando P<0,05 para significância. Verificou-se que as meninas apresentam composição corporal diferentedos meninos (P<0,05) e que com o aumento da idade elas tendem a diminuir o percentual de gordura, embora tenha sido observado um quantitativo alto de meninas com percentual de gordura elevado. Os meninos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento do percentual de gordura e da massa magra com o aumento da idade. As medidas de conteúdo e densidade mineral ósseo dentro da normalidade, com tendência de aumento com o avanço da idade cronológica. Conclui-se que os grupos masculino e feminino apresentaram comportamentos diferenciados quanto à composição corporal e os valores apresentados trazem mais um complemento à literatura a respeito de referências para a composição corporal, obtida com o DXA, em adolescentes pós-púberes.
The purpose of this study was to analyze body composition using DXA and correlate it with chronological age in post-pubertal adolescents of both genders. A total of 46 adolescents participated in the study, of which 27 were girls (17.23±0.98) and 19 boys (17.65±0.74) from a state school in the South District in the city of Rio de Janeiro. An anamnesis, anthropometric evaluation and DXA were performed for evaluations. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used, adopting P <0.05 for significance. Girls were found to have a different body composition than boys (P <0.05) and that, with increasing age, they tended to present a decrease in fat percentage, although in general a high number of girls presented a high fat level. The boys presented a tendency to increase the percentage of fat and lean mass with the increase of the age. Measurements of bone mineral content and density were considered as being within normality, with a tendency to increase with the advancing of the chronological age. Girls and boys present a different behavior regarding body composition and the values presented in this study bring an addition to the literature regarding body composition references through DXA in post-pubertal adolescents.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Body Composition/physiology , Body Weights and Measures , Puberty/physiology , Weight by Height/physiology , Bone Density/physiology , Nutritional Status , Adolescent/physiology , Fats/metabolism , Obesity/metabolismРеферат
A osteogênese imperfeita (OI) é uma doença genética rara que afeta a produção de colágeno, uma proteína importante da matriz óssea e do tecido conjuntivo, classificada tradicionalmente em pelo menos quatro tipos. Os indivíduos com OI podem apresentar fraturas recorrentes, escoliose e deformidades ósseas, baixa estatura, além de manifestações extra-esqueléticas. O monitoramento do crescimento infantil é um bom indicador de saúde e alterações desse crescimento podem indicar presença de comorbidades. É comum a ocorrência de déficit de estatura em crianças com OI, porém é necessária referência específica para acompanhar de forma mais sensível alterações de crescimento para este grupo, de modo que, assim como já é feito para outras patologias, seria fundamental a utilização de gráficos de crescimento específicos, para acompanhar o ganho pondero-estatural desses indivíduos e facilitar a detecção de problemas adicionais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional antropométrico de crianças e adolescentes com OI de acordo com o subtipo da doença. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e longitudinal utilizando dados coletados de prontuários. Os dados foram analisados nos softwares estatísticos STATA® e R, sendo utilizado o pacote estatístico GAMLSS para gerar gráficos de referência de crescimento para peso para-idade, estatura-para-idade e IMC-para-idade, conforme sexo, faixa etária e subtipo de OI, que foram comparados ao padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para crianças saudáveis. A associação da variação de peso e estatura com outras variáveis de interesse foi avaliada por meio de regressão linear de efeitos mistos. Foram incluídos 237 indivíduos, sendo 134 do tipo I, 41 do tipo III, 57 do tipo IV e 5 do tipo V. No tipo I, observou-se que embora os parâmetros de peso e altura se aproximem do padrão da OMS, ocorre déficit, em ambos os sexos. No tipo III e IV esses parâmetros estão ainda mais comprometidos. O crescimento dos tipos III e IV foi significativamente menor em relação ao tipo I apenas em maiores de 2 anos para o peso e em todas as faixas etárias, para estatura. O sexo masculino apresenta significativamente maior estatura em relação ao feminino; quanto ao peso, embora a curva do sexo masculino seja superior ao feminino, a diferença não foi significativa. Em geral, observa-se maior comprometimento da altura que do peso, de modo que o IMC se mostra mais próximo ao padrão da OMS, às vezes até ultrapassando, em especial nos fenótipos mais graves, como o tipo III. Esse estudo difere-se dos demais por apresentar dados da população brasileira e curvas de crescimento para menores de 2 anos de idade. Entre as limitações, destaca-se o uso de dados retrospectivos e o tamanho reduzido da amostra, especialmente para os tipos III, IV e V. Alguns gráficos para os tipos III e IV não convergiram e para esses subtipos a validação interna não foi tão boa. Deve-se considerar que, dentro do contexto das doenças raras é difícil compilar medidas suficientes capazes de desenvolver gráficos de crescimento com um padrão alto de adequação. Tendo em vista a importância que o acompanhamento do VI crescimento representa clinicamente para a avaliação da saúde das crianças e que comparar o crescimento das crianças com OI à população em geral não representa bem a adequação desse crescimento, se considera esse trabalho um passo importante para facilitar a avaliação clínica desses pacientes com um parâmetro de comparação mais adequado.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disease that affects the production of collagen, an important protein in the bone matrix and connective tissue, traditionally classified into at least four types. Individuals with OI can present recurrent fractures, scoliosis and bone deformities, and short stature, in addition to extra-skeletal manifestations. Monitoring child growth is a good indicator of health and changes in growth may indicate the presence of comorbidities. The occurrence of short stature in children with OI is common, but specific references are necessary to monitor growth changes for this group, as is already done for other pathologies. Specific charts to monitor the growth parameters of these individuals would facilitate the detection of additional health problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric nutritional status of children and adolescents with OI according to the subtype of the disease. This is a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study using data collected from medical records. Data were analyzed using STATA® and R statistical software, using the GAMLSS statistical package to generate reference growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age, according to sex, age group and subtype of OI, which were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for healthy children. The association of weight and height variation with other variables of interest was evaluated using linear mixed effects regression. 237 individuals were included, 134 of type I, 41 of type III, 57 of type IV and 5 of type V. In type I, it was observed that although the parameters of weight and height are close to the WHO standard, there is a deficit, in both sexes. In type III and IV, weight and height are even more compromised. The growth of types III and IV was significantly lower compared to type I only in those older than 2 years for weight and in all age groups, for height. Males are significantly taller than females; as for weight, although the curve for males is higher than for females, the difference was not significant. In general, there is greater impairment of height than weight, so that the BMI is closer to the WHO standard, sometimes even surpassing it, especially in more severe phenotypes, such as type III. This study differs from the others in that it presents data on the Brazilian population and growth charts for children under 2 years of age. Among the limitations, the use of retrospective data and the small sample size stand out, especially for types III, IV and V. Some graphs for types III and IV did not converge and for these subtypes, the internal validation was not so good. It should be considered that, within the context of rare diseases, it is difficult to compile sufficient measures capable of developing growth charts with a high standard of adequacy. Considering the clinical importance of growth monitoring for the assessment of children's health and that comparing the growth of children with OI to the general population does not represent well the adequacy of this growth, this work is considered an important step to facilitate the clinical evaluation of these patients with a more adequate comparison parameter.
Тема - темы
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Osteogenesis Imperfecta , Weight by Height , Body Weight , Anthropometry , Nutritional Status , Growth Charts , BrazilРеферат
Introducción: La talla baja de origen nutricional es una manifestación de la carencia sostenida de nutrientes cuando el niño está en su fase de crecimiento. En Venezuela,que está enfrentando una crisis político económica en la cual hay insuficiencia alimentaria, no existen cifras oficiales del problema. El objeto del trabajo es presentar información a cerca de cuál es la prevalencia actual del problema. Métodos:Se realiza un estudio descriptivo observacional de 16.155 niños evaluados antropométricamente en escuelas municipales,comedores comunitarios y jornadas comunitarias en áreas vulnerables de 9 estados de Venezuela durante el año 2019.La data fue recolectada por voluntarios que trabajaban con organizaciones implementadoras de programas de nutrición a nivel local previamente capacitados. Se almacenó y analizó en la plataforma Digisalud de acuerdo a los patrones de referencia antropométrica del año 2006 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Resultados: la prevalencia observada de talla baja en niños menores de 5 años fue de 20,38%, mientras que la de los mayores de 5 años es de 12,83%. En 6 de los 9 estados estudiados, la prevalencia de talla baja es a expensas de niños menores de 5 años. Conclusiones: Los resultados, si bien no son representativos de la población venezolana, sí pretenden arrojar luces de lo que está ocurriendo. Se recomienda seguir recolectando data sistemática, estandarizada y preferiblemente digitalizada para tener información homogénea y comparable dela problemática que se está observando, y así poder dar respuesta a través de acciones concretas, medibles y auditables que generen el impacto deseado(AU)
Introduction: Stunting due to malnutrition is there sult of a chronic shortage of nutrients when children are thriving. Venezuela, due to the political and economic crisisthat is suffering, has a food insecurity problem. But there is not official data about stunting or other health related issues.The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence about stunting. Methods: we did a descriptive observational study of the anthropometric evaluation of 16,155 children less than19 years that attended municipality schools, alimentary centers and health fairs in nine Venezuelan states during the year of 2019. The data were digitally collected by voluntaries previously trained to gather anthropometric measures that worked in the implementing organizations, and it was processed and analyzed by the Digisalud Platform according with the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) anthropometric reference standards. Results: There was a 20.48% and 12.83% global prevalence of stunting in children less than 5 years and morethan 5 respectively. In six of the nine regions studied stunting in children less than 5 years was observed. Conclusion: Althoughour results are not representative of the Venezuelan population,it shed light to understand this problem. We recommend gathering data in a methodological and standardized way usinga technological tool in order to create a reliable database. The analysis and use of this information will generate concrete,measurable and accountable actions for creating the desired impact(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Weight by Height , Prevalence , Deficiency Diseases , Anthropometry , Morbidity , Mortality , Growth and Development , Eating , InfantРеферат
RESUMEN: La fisura labio máxilo palatina (FLMP) es un problema de salud pública en Chile. Consiste en la falta de fusión del labio y/o los procesos palatinos, generando un desequilibrio músculo esqueletal que impide el desarrollo facial normal. Afectando algunas funciones vitales como respiración, succión y deglución pudiendo ocasionar problemas nutricionales. Evaluar el crecimiento estaturo ponderal y acceso a lactancia materna de niños con fisura labio máxilo palatina (FLMP) comparados con niños sin fisura durante el primer año de vida. Estudio de tipo observacional, analítico de cohorte retrospectivo a partir de los datos provenientes de entrevistas a las madres de niños con FLMP no sindrómica atendidos durante el año 2017 y niños sin FLMP perteneciente a la misma región. En niño/as sin FLMP predomina la lactancia materna exclusiva y en niños/as con FLMP lactancia mixta (47,7 %) y uso exclusivo de leche de fórmula (33.3 %). Los niños/ as con FLMP durante el primer año de vida pesan en promedio 0,45 Kg y miden 1,11 cm menos que los niños/as sin fisura. Los niños/as con FLMP reciben menos lactancia materna y tienen un menor crecimiento estaturo ponderal que los niños/sin FLMP durante el primer año de vida, siendo el peso el parámetro de crecimiento más afectado.
ABSTRACT: The maxillary cleft lip and palate fissure (CLPF) is a public health problem in Chile. It involves the lack of fusion of the lip and / or the palatal processes, generating a skeletal muscle imbalance that prevents normal facial development, further affecting vital functions such as breathing, sucking and swallowing. It may also cause nutritional problems. An observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study was carried out, to assess the growth in weight status of breastfeeding infants with maxillary CLPF, and compare it with children without fissure during the first year of life. The study was based on data obtained in 2017, from interviews with mothers of infants with non-syndromic CLPF, and those without CLPF from the same region in Chile. In children without CLPF, exclusive breastfeeding predominated, while children with CLPF received mixed breastfeeding (47.7 %) and exclusive use of formula milk (33.3 %). During the first year of life, infants with CLPF weighed an average of 0.45 kg and measured 1.11 cm less, than children without fissures. Children with CLPF received less breastfeeding and ranked lower in weight and growth than children / without CLPF during the same time period, with weight being the most affected growth parameter.
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Young Adult , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Weight by Height , Body Weight , Breast Feeding , Chile , Cephalometry , GrowthРеферат
Objetivo: verificar a diferença na proporção de adolescentes com síndrome metabólica, identificada por três diferentes critérios diagnósticos. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado com 716 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos, de escolas municipais e estaduais da cidade de Picos, Piauí. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento para verificação de dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, bioquímicos e da pressão arterial. A síndrome metabólica foi definida por três critérios diagnósticos diferentes: International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook e Ferranti. Para a análise da diferença entre as médias utilizouse o teste t, e o coeficiente Kappa para a concordância entre os critérios. Resultados: A síndrome foi observada em 3,1, 8,5 e 1,4 % dos adolescentes, de acordo com as definições de Cook, Ferranti, e da International Diabetes Federation, respectivamente. Na verificação dos critérios em pares a concordância entre: IDF e Cook foi 98,3% (Kappa = 0,618; p = 0,000); IDF e Ferranti foi 91,4% (Kappa = 0,228; p = 0,000); Cook e Ferranti foi 92,9% (Kappa = 0,425; p = 0,000). Conclusão: Foi possível observar considerável diferença entre os critérios para o diagnóstico, sugerindo pouca prevalência da síndrome por falta de consenso dos critérios diagnósticos em adolescentes.
Objective: To verify the difference in the proportion of adolescents with metabolic syndrome, identified by three different diagnostic criteria. Methodology: Descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with 716 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old from state and municipal schools in the city of Picos, Piauí. For data collection, an instrument was used to verify socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure data. Metabolic syndrome was defined by three different diagnostic criteria: International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook and Ferranti. For the analysis of the difference between the averages we used the ttest and the Kappa coefficient for agreement between the criteria. Results: The syndrome was observed in 3.1, 8.5 and 1.4% of adolescents, according to the definitions of Cook, Ferranti, and the International Diabetes Federation, respectively. In the paired criteria verification the agreement between IDF and Cook was 98.3% (Kappa = 0.618; p=0.000); IDF and Ferranti was 91.4% (Kappa = 0.228; p=0.000); Cook and Ferranti was 92.9% (Kappa = 0.425; p=0.000). Conclusion: It was possible to observe considerable difference between the criteria for the diagnosis of the syndrome, suggesting low prevalence of the syndrome due to lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria in adolescents.
Тема - темы
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Triglycerides/blood , Weight by Height , Cross-Sectional Studies , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Waist Circumference , Glucose/analysis , Cholesterol, HDL/bloodРеферат
La obesidad infantil ha incrementado su prevalencia en España, y aunque se considera un problema multifactorial, es atribuible principalmente al aumento de la ingesta y la disminución de la actividad física por un ocio sedentario mayor. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en la Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) de Menasalbas (Toledo, España), y la influencia de los hábitos alimentarios, de actividad física y deporte, y de ocio sedentario. Se realizó un estudio transversal en la población escolarizada de 3 a 12 años de la ZBS de Menasalbas, tomando medidas de peso y talla a 725 menores, calculando su IMC y clasificando su estado ponderal según las tablas de Cole. También se recogieron datos referentes a sus hábitos alimentarios y cuestionario Kidmed de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, y hábitos de actividad física y ocio sedentario, para estudiar su relación con el estado ponderal de los menores. La prevalencia de sobrecarga ponderal (suma de prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad) fue del 24,9%, con un 18,8% de sobrepeso y un 6,1% de obesidad, sin diferencias por edad y sexo. No se observaron diferencias respecto a los hábitos alimentarios, pero si una menor actividad física y un mayor ocio sedentario en aquellos con sobrecarga ponderal. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestra población es elevada, aunque menor a las de otros trabajos. La alimentación, la actividad física y el ocio sedentario influenciaron el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en este estudio(AU)
Childhood obesity has increased its prevalence in Spain, and although it´s considered a multifactorial problem, it is mainly attributable to increased intake and decreased physical activity due to increased sedentary leisure. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity in the Basic Health Zone (ZBS) of Menasalbas (Toledo, Spain), and the influence of eating habits, physical activity and sport, and sedentary entertainment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the school children of 3 to 12 years of age in the ZBS of Menasalbas, taking weight and height measurements for 725 minors, calculating their BMI and classifying their weight status according to Cole´s tables. Data regarding their eating habits and Kidmed questionnaire of adherence to the mediterranean diet, physical activity habits and sedentary leisure habits were also collected, to study its relationship with the weigh status of minors. The prevalence of weight overload (understood as the sum of the prevalence of overweight and obesity) was 24.9% , with 18.8% overweight and 6.1% of obesity, with no differences by age and sex. No differences were observed regarding eating habits, but less physical activity and a more sedentary leisure in those with weight overload was observed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in our population is high, although lower than reported in other works. Diet, physical activity and sedentary leisure are confirmed as fundamental aspects in childhood overweight and obesity(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Body Weights and Measures , Nutritional Status , Overweight , Pediatric Obesity , Motor Activity/physiology , Weight by Height , School Feeding , Energy Intake , HyperphagiaРеферат
OBJETIVO: analizar la correlación y concordancia de las medidas antropométricas de la circunferencia/talla y circunferencia cintura según ATP-III, IDF para Sudamérica y Europa con el Indice de Masa Corporal en pacientes adultos. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de corte transversal en 339 pacientes tomando en cuenta variables como sexo, edad, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia cintura, circunferencia/talla y diagnóstico bajo criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos por el Seguro Social Universitario de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, correlación de Pearson, Índice de fiabilidad α-Cronbach y Concordancia Kappa de Cohen para los indicadores evaluados. RESULTADOS: el 66,4% de la muestra corresponde al sexo femenino. La mayor correlación (0,65) y concordancia (0,32) observada fue en el sexo masculino entre la Circunferencia Cintura y Circunferencia/Talla con el IMC. CONCLUSIÓN: existe una mejor una mejor concordancia y fiabilidad de los parámetros clínicos de riesgo Circunferencia Cintura y Circunferencia/Talla con el Indice de Masa Corporal de acuerdo a criterios de la ATP-III en la población evaluada.(AU)
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the correlation and concordance between Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio with Body Mass Index according to ATP-III and IDF for Sudamerica and Europe criteria in adults. METHODS: an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in 339 patients. The variables were gender, age, weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio and diagnosis under inclusion and exclusion criteria stablished by Seguro Social Universitario of the Universidad Mayor of San Simón. It was calculated the Chi-squared test, Pearson´s correlation, Cronbach´s alpha reliability and Kappa concordance coefficients. RESULTS: the 66,4% of the sample is female. There is more correlation (0.65) and concordance (0.32) between Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio with Body Mass Index in males. CONCLUSION: there is a better correlation and reliability between clinical risk indicators and cut points to, Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio according to ATP-III criteria, with Body Mass Index in the evaluated population.(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Weight by Height , Body Mass Index , Waist Circumference , Waist-Height RatioРеферат
La menarca constituye un hito madurativo importante. A escala mundial ocurre, en promedio, a los 12,5 años y está sujeta a factores genéticos y/o ambientales. El objetivo fue analizar, en niñas residentes en la periferia urbana de La Plata: a) la edad mediana de menarca y b) si el estado nutricional y la distribución adiposa influyen en la edad de ocurrencia de menarca. Se evaluaron, durante los ciclos 2014-2017, en 657 niñas de 10-14 años: presencia(P)/ausencia(A) de menarca, peso, talla y pliegues subcutáneos tricipital y subescapular. Se determinaron: edad mediana de menarca (EM) según método status quo y regresión logística; estado nutricional -desnutrición, exceso ponderal y normonutrición- empleando como referencia y puntos de corte a la OMS; y distribución de adiposidad según índice subescapular/tricipital, considerando valores >1 indicativos de adiposidad centralizada. Se calcularon en general y por estado nutricional la EM y las prevalencias de ocurrencia comparándose mediante Chi2. La menarca estuvo presente en el 44,10% de las niñas con EM de 12,13 años. Alrededor del 54% de las niñas se mantuvo dentro de los límites normales (P: 41,20%; EM: 12,28 años) y el 45,70% estaban desnutridas; de estas 4,90% mostraron desnutrición debido a la baja estatura (P: 25,00%; MS: 13,40 años) y 40,80% tenían exceso de peso (P: 50,40%; MS: 11,78 años). El 32,72% de las niñas tenían adiposidad centralizada (P: 59,10%; EM: 11,79 años). Los resultados permiten concluir que el estado nutricional influye en la edad mediana de ocurrencia de la menarca, la cual es mayor en las niñas desnutridas y menor en las niñas con exceso ponderal. La disposición centralizada de la adiposidad favorece la presencia de menarca(AU)
Menarche is an important maturation milestone. It normally occurs at an average age of 12.5 years and is influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. The aim of this study was to analyze in girls residing at suburbs of La Plata city a) the median age of menarche; b) if nutritional status and fat distribution have any influence in the age of menarche. During years 2014 to 2017, 657 girls aged between 10 and 14 years(y) were surveyed, determining: presence(P)/absence(A) of menarche, weight, height, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds. It was measured: median age of menarche (MA) according to the status quo method and logistic regression; nutritional status -undernutrition, excess weight, and normonutrition- using WHO as a reference and their cut-off points; and the distribution of adiposity through the use of subscapular/tricipital index, considering values >1 an indicative of centralized adiposity. The median age of menarche was calculated both in the general sample and by nutritional status; general and age-prevalence of menarche were compared by Chi2. Menarche was present in 44.10% of the girls with MS of 12.13 years. About 54% of the population stayed within normal limits (P: 41.20%; MS: 12.28 years) and 45.70% were malnourished; of these 4.90% showed malnutrition due to short stature (P: 25.00 %; MS: 13.40 years) and 40.80% had weight excess (P: 50.40%; MS: 11.78 years). 32.72% of the girls had centralized adiposity (P: 59.10%; MS: 11.79 years). These results allow us to conclude that nutritional status influences the median age of menarche: it is higher in undernourished girls and lower in those with weight excess. Centralized disposition of adiposity promotes the presence of menarche(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Weight by Height , Menarche , Nutritional Status , Obesity, Abdominal , Social Conditions , Body Weight , Adolescent NutritionРеферат
La evaluación del crecimiento mediante antropometría es una actividad que se desarrolla de manera sistemática en los controles de salud a niños, niñas, adolescentes y embarazadas. Su utilización está ampliamente aceptada por ser un método simple, válido y no invasivo para monitorear el estado nutricional. Implica la toma de medidas corporales (como el peso, la talla, la circunferencia de cintura), la construcción de índices que establecen relaciones entre esas medidas, la edad y el sexo de la persona y, por último, la comparación con tablas de referencia. Esta comparación permite establecer si el crecimiento es adecuado o presenta algún parámetro alterado, que requerirá una evaluación clínica y la consideración de diferentes cursos de acción. Se propone, entonces, esta Guía como una herramienta para el trabajo cotidiano de los equipos de salud del primer nivel de atención, tanto para las acciones de prevención en salud como para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de personas con problemas nutricionales. (AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Weight by Height , Nutrition Programs , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Nutrition Assessment , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Anthropometry/methods , Growth , Anemia/epidemiologyРеферат
"Póngale Vida" es un modelo para la preven- ción de la obesidad en escolares costarricenses, que incluye estrategias para promover la alimentación saludable y la actividad física en el aula, la escuela, la familia y la comuni- dad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la concentración sérica de leptina y adiponectina de un grupo de escolares del cantón de La Unión, Cartago, Costa Rica, luego de una intervención de 8 meses de duración, en la cual se aplicó el modelo "Póngale Vida". El estudio incluyó 108 escolares (37 casos y 71 controles) con edades entre 6 y 10 años, a los cuales se les realizó la evaluación antropométrica y la determinación por duplicado de leptina y adiponectina antes y después de la intervención. Se determinó que la adiponectina (22.38 ng/mL ± 7.36 vs 28.12 ng/mL ± 7.96, p<0.001), el IMC (16.46 kg/m2 ± 1.78 vs 16.83 kg/m2 ±2.09) y el porcentaje de grasa (31.22 ± 3.79 vs 32.87 ±4.55, p<0.001) aumentaron en el grupo interve- nido. La leptina (5.21 ng/mL ± 4.13 vs 5.98 ng/mL ±3.46) y la relación leptina/adiponectina (0,2823 ng/mL vs 0,2353 ng/mL) no mostraron cambios significativos. Se encontró que el cambio señalado para adiponectina fue independiente de la reducción del IMC. Se identificó que el sexo y el esta- do antropométrico influyen en el comportamiento de las adi- poquinas. El aumento en los niveles séricos de adiponectina muestran que el modelo "Póngale Vida" resultó ser efectivo, aun en un periodo corto de intervención, lo que podría suge- rir beneficios metabólicos asociados con el perfil lipídico y respuesta a la insulina(AU)
"Póngale Vida" is a model for the prevention of obesity in Costa Rican schoolchildren, which includes strategies to promote healthy eating and physical activity in the classroom, school, family and community. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in serum leptin and adiponectin concentration of a group of schoolchildren in La Union County, Cartago, Costa Rica, after an intervention of 8 months, in which the model was applied. The study included 108 school children (37 cases and 71 controls) aged between 6 and 10 years, who underwent an anthropometric evaluation and a duplicate determination of leptin and adiponectin before and after the intervention period. It was determined that adiponectin (22.38 ng / mL ± 7.36 vs 28.12 ng / mL ± 7.96, p <0.001), the BMI (16.46 kg / m2 ± 1.78 vs 16.83 kg / m2 ± 2.09) and the percentage of fat (31.22 ± 3.79 vs 32.87 ± 4.55, p <0.001) increased in the intervention group. Leptin (5.21 ng / mL ± 4.13 vs. 5.98 ng / mL ± 3.46) and the leptin / adiponectin ratio (0.2823 ng / mL vs 0.2353ng / mL) did not show significant changes. It was found that the marked change for adiponectin was independent of the reduction in BMI. It was identified that sex and the anthropometric state influence the behavior of adipokines. The increase in serum adiponectin levels shows that the "Póngale Vida" model was effective in the case group even in a short period of intervention. This may suggest metabolic benefits associated with the lipid profile and insulin response(AU)
Тема - темы
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Body Weight , Insulin Resistance , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Weight by Height , Diet, Food, and NutritionРеферат
Introducción: El índice de masa corporal y la ganancia ponderal materna excesiva durante el embarazo son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones perinatales. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia ponderal materna durante el embarazo, y la aparición de complicaciones y efectos adversos perinatales materno-fetales. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo de cohortes con 500 gestantes controladas en el HUV Macarena de Sevilla durante el primer trimestre del año 2012. Las pacientes se han categorizado en función de su índice de masa corporal pregestacional y de su ganancia ponderal durante el embarazo. El análisis asociativo entre variables se ha realizado mediante el test de la chi cuadrado (significación estadística p< 0,05). Resultados: De las 500 gestantes incluidas en nuestro estudio, 137 (28 por ciento) presentaban sobrepeso y 79 (16,1 por ciento) algún tipo de obesidad. Según la ganancia ponderal, 216 (44,1 por ciento) tuvieron una ganancia ponderal superior a la recomendada. De las gestantes que desarrollaron patología, 37,7 por ciento tenía un peso bajo o normal al inicio de la gestación, mientras que en 62,3 por ciento de los casos tenían sobrepeso (34,4 por ciento) u obesidad (27,9 por ciento) (p= 0,001). La hipertensión gestacional (3,4 por ciento) y la diabetes gestacional (1,4 por ciento) fueron las patologías más frecuentes. El grupo de gestantes con ganancia ponderal excesiva tuvo una mayor tasa de inducciones del parto (p= 0,027), recién nacidos con mayores pesos al nacer y mayor número de ingresos en UCI neonatal. Conclusiones: Un elevado índice de masa corporal pregestacional y una ganancia ponderal excesiva en el embarazo puede conllevar resultados adversos tanto para la madre como para el neonato(AU)
Introduction: Excessive body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are risk factors for the development of perinatal complications. Objectives: Determine the association between the pregestational BMI and GWG and maternal-fetal perinatal complications and adverse effects. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of 500 controlled pregnant women was conducted at Virgen Macarena University Hospital from Seville during 2012 first trimester. Patients have been categorized according to their pregestational BMI and GWG. Analysis of association between variables has been performed through Chi-Square Test (statistical significance: p< 0.05). Results: Out of 500 pregnant women, 137 (28 percent) were overweight and 79 (16.1 percent) were obese. Regarding GWG, 216 (44.1 percent) had higher GWG than recommended. 37.7 percent pregnant women, who developed pathology, presented low or normal weight at the beginning of pregnancy, whereas 62.3 percent of cases were overweight (34.4 percent) or obese (27.9 percent) (p= 0.001). Gestational hypertension (3.4 percent) and gestational diabetes (1.4 percent) were the most frequent pathologies. The group of pregnant women with excessive GWG had a higher pregnancy induction rate (p= 0.027), newborns with higher weight and higher number of admissions in neonatal ICU. Conclusions: A high pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG in pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes for both, the mother and the neonate(AU)