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Objective Sleep spindles play an important role in promoting cognition.This paper discusses the influencing factors of sleep spindles and provides objective evidence for clinical intervention and regulation of spindles to improve sleep and cognition.Methods Fifty patients with poor sleep quality were monitored overnight by sleep monitoring system,and physiological parameters of sleep structure,electroencephalography power spectrum,cardiovascular and respiratory function were obtained.The correlations between the parameters,age,sex and the spindle index and characteristics(frequency,duration and amplitude)of non rapid-eye-movement sleep(NREM)Ⅱphase were calculated.In Poincare diagram,SD1 represents the positive index of parasympathetic nerve activity,and SD2 represents the negative index of sympathetic nerve activity.Pulse transit time(PTT)decline index represents vascular sympathetic stability.Results SD1(β =-0.512,P＜0.05)and PTT decline index(β =-0.271,P＜0.05)were negatively correlated with spindle index respectively,while SD2 was positively correlated with spindle index(β =0.474,P＜0.05).The sleep change index,NREMⅠ phase proportion and cortical EEG microarousal index were negatively correlated with spindle index(r =-0.316,r =-0.359,r =-0.326;all P＜0.05).Age was negatively correlated with spindle index(β =-0.422,P＜0.05).δ power of deep sleep was negatively correlated with Spindle wave amplitude(β = 0.65,P＜0.001).No correlation was found between sex and sleep spindles.Conclusions The production of sleep spindles depends on good sleep and stable autonomic nerves.It is related to cognition and reflects the strength of synaptic connections,which provides evidence for clinical intervention and regulation of sleep spindles,and also provides a new physiological indicator for evaluating cognitive and brain function.
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Cervical spinal cord injury can not only cause serious physical movement and sensory disorders but also lead to serious complications affecting the life safety and quality of life of patients.As the largest microecosystem in the human body,intestinal flora plays a very important role in maintaining host homeostasis and the occurrence and development of many diseases.In recent years,there has been increasing focus on the study of intestinal flora after spinal cord injury,leading to a growing recognition of the clinical value of intestinal flora in the treatment of spinal cord injury.Intestinal flora is not only related to the degree of spinal cord injury but also can provide therapeutic targets for neurogenic intestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury.This paper discusses the mechanism of intestinal flora in the vagus nerve,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,and metabolites after spinal cord injury.It explores the relationship between the occurrence and development of neurogenic intestinal dysfunction and changes in intestinal flora,offering valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
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Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with minor stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO).Methods:Twenty-three patients with minor stroke with LVO, admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019, were consecutively collected in our study; patients with contraindications of intravenous thrombolysis should be treated with direct thrombectomy, and the left were given bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis combined with MT). NIHSS scores were used to assess the degrees of neurological impairment at admission, and 12 h and 7 d after treatment. Vascular recanalization was assessed by modified cerebral infarction thrombolysis (mTICI) grading, with grading 2B-3 defined as successful recanalization. The prognoses 90 d after treatment were assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS), and mRS scores≤2 was classified as having good prognosis. Safety indicators included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, incidence of complications, and mortality 90 d after treatment.Results:Twenty-two patients had successfully recanalization; 19 patients had mTICI grading 3 and 3 patients had grading 2B. The NIHSS scores were 3 (2, 5) at admission, 2 (2, 3) 12 h after treatment, and 2 (1, 2) 7 d after treatment, with significant difference ( χ2=14.028, P=0.001); NIHSS scores 12 h and 7 d after treatment were significantly lower than those at admission ( P<0.05). Sixteen patients (69.6%) enjoyed good prognosis and 7 patients (30.4%) had poor prognosis. In terms of safety, two patients had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,10 had systemic complications, and one died during 90-d of follow-up. Conclusion:MT is effective and safe in minor stroke patients with LVO.
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Objective:To explore the efficacy of bridging therapy (BT) and direct endovascular therapy (DEVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke induced by large vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS) within 4.5 h of onset.Methods:The clinical data of 154 patients with LVO-AIS within 4.5 h of onset, admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019, were retrospectively collected. Among them, 88 patients were hospitalized within 3 h of onset (54 accepted BT and 34 accepted DEVT); 66 patients were hospitalized within 3-4.5 h of onset (39 accepted BT and 27 accepted DEVT). The differences in clinical data and treatment efficacy between patients from the BT group and DEVT group that were hospitalized within 3 h of onset and within 3-4.5 h of onset, respectively, were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent protective factors for favorable outcome 90 d after treatment in patients within 3.0-4.5 h of onset and within 3 h of onset, respectively.Results:(1) In patients within 3 h of onset: as compared with the DEVT group, the BT group had significantly higher improvement rate of neurological function at 24 h after treatment (41.2% vs. 70.4%) and higher percentage of patients enjoying favorable outcome 90 d after treatment (44.1% vs. 66.7%, P<0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BT was an independent protective factor for favorable outcome 90 d after treatment in patients within 3 h of onset ( OR=4.644, 95%CI: 1.238-12.805, P=0.041). (2) In patients within 3-4.5 h of onset: as compared with the BT group, the DEVT group had significantly higher proportion of patients having time from onset to groin puncture≤4 h, and significantly higher proportion of patients with favorable outcome 90 d after treatment ( P<0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time from onset to groin puncture≤4 h was an independent protective factor for favorable outcome 90 d after treatment in patients within 3-4.5 h of onset ( OR=5.724, 95%CI: 1.192-11.676, P=0.024). Conclusion:For LVO-AIS patients, BT is the first choice in patients hospitalized in the early time window; and BT should be performed within 4 h of onset to the greatest extent for patients hospitalized in the late time window; if time from onset to groin puncture is not within 4 h, DEVT should be the first choice.
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Objective To study the effect of estrogen on proliferation of astrocytes in hippocampus of mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Methods One hundred and eight Kunming mice were randomly divided into estrogen group(n=54)and saline group(n=54).The animals in two groups underwent right MCAO with tissue samples taken at 3,6,12,24,48and 72h after MCAO.The ischemic site was detected and the ischemic size was measured with TTC staining,the damage of neurons in hippocampus was assayed with HE staining,the expression of GFAP in hippocampal astrocytes was detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results The cerebral infarction size was significantly smaller in estrogen group than in saline group at different time points after MCAO(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)especially at 12hafter MCAO(31.50％±3.36％vs 54.50％±5.68％,P=0.019).The damage of hippocampal neurons aggregated with the prolonged ischemia time in two groups and was milder in estrogen group than in saline group at the same time points.The expression level of GFAP positive cells in bilateral hippocampal areas was higher when the ischemia time was prolonged and was significantly higher in ischemic hippocampus of estrogen group than in that of control group except at 6hin CA3ischemic area(P＜0.05).Conclusion Estrogen can protect mice against focal cerebral ischemia,stimulate the genesis of astrocyte synapses,alleviate neuronal damage after ischemia,and can thus reduce the size of cerebral infarction.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlation between Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and apoptosis in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) rat model induced by hypoxia-ischemia.@*Methods@#One hundred and forty three-day-old sprague-dawley (SD) rats, which were divided into experimental group (ischemia-hypo-xia group) and control group (sham operation group) randomly, were used to establish a hypoxic model by ligating the right common carotid artery and inhaling gas mixtures with 60 mL/L oxygen and 940 mL/L nitrogen.The rats were killed 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d after model reproducing and the brain tissues were used for the following experiments.The pathological changes and apoptosis of brain tissues were detected by way of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (Tunel) assay respectively, and TLR4 expression was detected by adopting immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 19.0 software.@*Results@#TLR4 expression in the modeling rat brain commenced to increase in 6 hours (0.541±0.069, 0.166±0.058)and reached the peak in 3 days(1.932±0.161, 0.300±0.039), and then began to decline in 7 days (1.242±0.109, 0.220±0.025) post hypoxia-ischemia.Compared with the control group, there were statistical significances at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d and 7 d (all P<0.05). The apoptosis of brain ti-ssue cells in the modeling rat brain started to increase at 6 hours(21.33±3.50) and reached the peak in 3 days (35.97±4.20), and then began to decline in 7 days (31.02±4.22) post hypoxia-ischemia.Compared with the control group, there were statistical significance at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d and 7 d (all P<0.05). The TLR4 expression was positively correlated with cell apoptosis (r=0.774, 0.575, all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#In the rat model of PVL induced by hypoxia-ischemia, TLR4 is likely to injure the neural cell through apoptosis.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the affection to heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate by nasal packing versus transseptal suturing techniques during patients undergone septoplasty. METHODS Eighty patients with deviation of nasal septum were included in this study. The patients were allocated into two groups: packing group and suturing group. The heart rates, blood pressure and breathing rates pre-and post-operations were collected, and the ascending range of these between two groups were assessed. The post-operative complications were observed. RESULTS The ascending range of the heart rates, blood pressure and breathing rates were smaller in suturing group than in packing group patients(P ＜0.05). There is no significant differences in post-operative complications between 2 groups. CONCLUSION Nasal suturing techniques during septoplasty might be a valid substitution for packing with more stable vital signs, smaller burden on the cardiovascular system and the same complication rates.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy enhancing effect and mechanism of lycopene (LP) on human steosarcoma MG-63 cells treated by Cisplatin.Methods The human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in logarithmic growth phase was treated with LP (l0μg/ ml),Cisplatin (40μg/ml) and LP (10μg/ml) + Cisplatin (20μg/ml),and blank group was set.The cellular growth inhibition rate was calculated by MTT.Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of Bax mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR and the ratio of Bax/bcl-2 was calculated.The expression of Caspase-3 protein was detected by western blotting.Results Compared with Cisplatin group,the cellular growth inhibition rate of human osteosarcoma M G-63 cell in LP + Cisplatin group was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase(P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Bax mRNA was increased,while the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05) and the ratio of Bax/bcl-2 was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Caspase-3 protein was significantly increased(P ＜ 0.01).Gomparcd with blank group group,the G0/G1 phase in cell cycle of LP group was increased and the G2/M phase was decreased,and the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of Bax/bcl-2 was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The expression of Caspase-3 protein was significantly increased (P ＜0.01).Conclusion LP can effectively enhance the effect on human liver cancer MG-63 cells treated by Cisplatin,which perhaps was related to its effects of altering the cell cycle and the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins.
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AIM To prepare the hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin inclusion compound of volatile oil from Houttuyniae Herba.METHODS In the content determination of volatile oil by GC,2-undecanone was taken as a reference substance,and inclusion rate and drug loading were calculated.After the determination of optimal method for preparing the inclusion compound among techniques of mixing,grinding and ultrasonic methods.the preparation process was optimized by orthogonal test with ratio of volatile oil to hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin,inclusion temperature,mixing speed and inclusion time as influencing factors,and inclusion rate and drug loading as evaluation indices.The characterization was performed by TLC,infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.Then high temperature,high humidity and strong light tests were applied to investigating the inclusion compound stability.RESULTS Mixing method brought forth the maximal yield,inclusion rate and drug loading for the inclusion compound.And under the optimal conditions of 1 ∶ 25 for ratio of volatile oil to hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin,50 ℃ for inclusion temperature,420 r/min for mixing speed,and 80 min for inclusion time,the inclusion rate and drug loading were identified to be 77.35％ and 4.48％,respectively.The obtained inclusion compound was found to be white powder with loose texture and significantly increased solubility,the in vitro accumulative release rate reached 80.85％.Deliquescence and agglomeration,as well as obviously decreased inclusion rate and drug loading,were observed at a relative humidity of more than 75％,despite the good stability at high temperature (60 ℃) and strong light (3 000 lx),and yet the rehydration character was good.CONCLUSION It is possible that the hydroxypropyl-β cyclodextrin inclusion compound of volatile oil from Houttuyniae Herba generates a new phase rather than a simple mixture,which should be kept dry and sealed at the time of storage.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of low frequency ultrasound on middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerosis acute ischemic stroke.Methods One hundred patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic MCA atherosclerosis acute ischemic stroke were randomly divided into low frequency ultrasound group (n=50) and control group (n=50).The patients of the control group were administered routine medicine,while the patients of the low frequency ultrasound group accepted low frequency ultrasound besides routine medicine.The main observation indexes included National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores,peak systolic velocity of the MCA stenosis segment,microemboli signal and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations before and after the treatment.Results Fourteen days after treatment,the NIHSS scores of the low frequency ultrasound group (3.70±4.88) were significantly lower than those in the group (4.68±5.49,P＜0.05);the peak systolic velocity of the MCA stenosis segment in the low frequency ultrasound group after treatment was (158.60±34.33) cm/s,which was significantly lower than that before treatment,namely (189.94± 28.21) cm/s (P＜0.05);7 and 14 days after treatment,the microemboli positive rate of the low frequency ultrasound group (17.00％ and 6.00％) was significantly lower than that in the control group (67.00％ and 8.30％,P＜0.05);serum hs-CRP concentration of the low frequency ultrasound group and control group after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P＜0.05),and that in the low frequency ultrasound group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Low frequency ultrasound assisted therapy can lower serum hs-CRP level,improve hemodynamic MCA stenosis segment,inhibit MCA stenosis segment origin microemboli,and promote neurological recovery in patients with MCA stenosis.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors for portal vein thrombosis (PVT)under anticoagulation therapy after surgery in patients with portal hypertension.Methods We made a retrospective analysis of clinical data of 96 portal hypertension patients for surgical treatment at our hospital.All the patients with postoperative PVT or without were divided into two groups.Risk factors that may predict PVT were analyzed.Results PVT developed in 41 (40.08%)of 96 patients after surgery.Risk factors such as sex,age,Child-Pugh classification,type of operation,portal pressure and the pressure difference before and after surgery,preoperative prothrombin time, preoperative platelet count,spleen index,and portal vein diameter were not predictors of PVT.However,splenic vein diameter was an independent risk factor for PVT (P = 0.036);postoperative PVT tended to develop when the splenic vein diameter was larger than 1 1 mm.Conclusion Preoperative color Doppler testing of splenic vein diameter can predict PVT after surgery in patients with portal hypertension.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of VSD combined with irrigation of oxygen loaded fluid on the growth of granulation tissue and macrophage polarization in chronic venous leg ulcers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thiry-four patients with chronic venous leg ulcers hospitalized in our department from December 2010 to July 2014 were divided into VSD group ( A, n = 11) , VSD + irrigation group ( B, n = 11) , and VSD + oxygen loaded fluid irrigation group ( C, n = 12) according to the random number table. After admissian, debridement was performed, and granulation tissue in the center of the wound was harvested during the operation. After dehridement, the patients in group A were treated with VSD only (negative pressure from -30 to -25 kPa, the same below) ; the patients in group B were treated with VSD combining irrigation of normal saline; the patients in group C were treated with VSD combining normal saline loaded with oxygen irrigation (flow of 1 L/min) . On post treatment day (PTD) 7, the VSD devices were removed. Cross observation was conducted before debridement and on PTD 7. On PTD 7, the granulation tissue in the center of the wound was harvested for histopathological observation with HE staining and Masson staining, following calculation of granulation tissue coverage rate. After debridement but before the negative pressure therapy (hereinafter referred to as before treatment) and on PTD 7, partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wound was measured by transcutaneous tissue oxygen tension survey meter. On PTD 7, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VECF) was determined with immunohistochemistry. Before treatment and on PTD 7, cells with double positive expressions of induced nitric oxide synthase plus CD68 ( type I macro- phage) and arginase 1 plus CD68 ( type II macrophage) were observed with immunofluorescence staining and quantified. Data were processed with Fisher's exact test, one-way analysis of variance, covariance analysis, paired test, and LSD test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The gross observation showed that before debridement there was a certain amount of necrotic tissue and little granulation tissue in the wounds of patients in all the 3 groups. On PTD 7, new granulation tissue was found in the wounds of patients in all the 3 groups, and in group C its amount was the largest. (2) On PTD 7, the granulation tissue coverage rate of wounds in pa- tients of group C was higher than that of group A or B ( P <0.05 or P <0.01). (3) On PTD 7, HE staining showed that there appeared more abundant new born microvessels and fibroblasts in the wounds of patients in group C than those in groups A and B; Masson staining showed that there was more abundant fresh collagen distributed orderly in the wounds of patients in group C compared with group A or B. (4) On PTD 7, it was found that partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wounds in patients of group C [(40.7 +/- 4.1) mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa] was higher than that of group A [ (35.0 +/- 3.1) mmHg] or B [(35.4 +/- 2.7) mmHg, with P values below 0.01]; the partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wounds of patients in all the 3 groups was increased significantly compared with that before treatment (with values from 10.38 to 22.52, P values below 0.01). (5) On PTD 7, the expression of VECF in the wounds of patients in group C was higher than that in group A or B ( P <0.05 or P < 0.01). (6) On PTD 7, the number of type I macrophages in granulation tissue of patients was respectively 14.3 +/- 2.3, 11.5 +/- 3.0, and 10.7 +/- 2.3 per 400 times vision field in groups A , B, and C ( F = 25.14, P < 0.01), while the number in group C was less than that in group A or B ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with that before treatment, the number of type I macrophages was significantly decreased on PTD 7 in all the 3 groups (with values from 14.76 to 23. 73, P values below 0. 01). On PTD 7, the number of type II macrophages in granulation tissue of patients was respectively 32.7 +/- 3.2, 35.1 +/- 3.3 , and 41.3 +/- 3.2 per 400 times vision field in groups A, B, and C ( F = 81.10, P < 0.01), and the number in group C was lager than that in group A or B ( with P values below 0. 01). Compared with that before treatment, the number of type II macrophages in all the 3 groups was significantly increased (with t values from -69.34 to -47.95, P values below 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VSD combined with irrigation of oxygen loaded fluid can raise the partial pressure of oxygen of the skin around the wounds effectively, promoting the transition of macrophages from type I to type II, thus it may promote the growth of granulation tissue, resulting in a better recipient for skin grafting or epithelization.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Debridement , Drainage , Granulation Tissue , Leg Ulcer , General Surgery , Macrophages , Microvessels , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy , Methods , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Oxygen , Skin , Skin Transplantation , Skin Ulcer , Surgical Flaps , Treatment Outcome , Vacuum , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Veins , Wound Healing摘要
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in detecting brain white matter (WM) damage of patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) and evaluating their cognitive dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirteen patients with DEACMP and thirteen age- and sex-matched volunteers underwent DTI using 1.5T MR scanner. FA and ADC values of 16 WM regions of interests (ROIs) were measured on DTI by two experienced radiologists independently with double blind methods, cognitive functions were evaluated by another experienced neurologist blinded to patient's medical history using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). ADC and FA values in DEACMP patients, and their correlations with cognitive dysfunction were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ADC values of DEACMP patients increased significantly in all ROIs (P < 0.05) in comparison with the corresponding ROIs of healthy controls, whereas FA values were significantly decreased in all ROIs (P < 0.05) in comparison with that in controls except the bilateral optic radiations, anterior and posterior internal capsules. MoCA scores were positively correlated with FA values of bilateral lower frontal (r(L) = 0.736, P = 0.011; r(R) = 0.762, P = 0.003) lobe, temporal lobe (r(L) = 0.605, P = 0.016; r(R) = 0.559, P = 0.021) and total average WM (r(A) = 0.688, P = 0.001), however it inversely correlated with ADC values of bilateral lower frontal WM (r(L) = -0.674, P = 0.007; r(R) = -0.681, P = 0.019).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DTI can quantitatively reveal WM microstructure damage of DEACMP patients, indicate the severity of cognitive dysfunctions, and provide important information for pathogenesis and pathological study for DEACMP.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Pathology , Brain Diseases , Diagnosis , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning , Cognition , Cognition Disorders , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Diffusion Tensor Imaging , Double-Blind Method , White Matter , Pathology摘要
The excretion characteristics of stilbene glycoside (THSG) and its beta-cyclodextrin inclusion in bile, urine and feces after oral administration to rats were studied. Bile for 24 h, urine and feces for 72 h were collected. The content of THSG was determined by HPLC-UV. The established HPLC-UV method was available for the analysis of THSG in excreta and corresponded to the requirement of biological sample analysis. After given THSG and its beta-cyclodextrin inclusion, the amount of prototype THSG in feces were 3.27% and 0.61%, meanwhile THSG in bile were 0.20% and 0.18%, respectively. Only a little THSG was found in urine. The result showed that beta-cyclodextrin inclusion reduced the fecal excretion of THSG. However, the characteristic of urinary and biliary excretion wasn't changed.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Administration, Oral , Bile , Metabolism , Bodily Secretions , Biological Transport , Physiology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Feces , Glycosides , Chemistry , Inclusion Bodies , Bodily Secretions , Injections, Intravenous , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stilbenes , Chemistry , beta-Cyclodextrins , Metabolism摘要
Objective To investigate the role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =6 each): Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ sham operation group (group S);group ⅢNP;Ⅳ-Ⅶ 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)) group (group M1-4 );Ⅷ MSO + glutaminate group (group MG). In group C no operation was performed. In group S the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. NP was induced by ligation of the tibial nerve and commom peroneal nerve according to the technique described by Dixon. After the establishment of the model, intrathecal PBS 50 μl was injected in group NP, IT 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally in group M1-4, and 0.05 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally and then 0.25 mmol/L glutamine 50 μl was injected intrathecally 15 min later in group MG. Mechanical pain threshold was measured 1 week before ligation (T0 , baseline), 1 week after ligation (T1) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of MSO (T2-5). Then rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GS and the co-expression (GFAP/GS) in the dorsal horn.Results Mechanical pain threshold was significantly lower at T1-5 in group MG and NP and at T2-4 in group M3.4 ,and the expression of GFAP, GS and GFAP/GS was significantly higher in group MG,NP and M3 than in group S and C ( P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic pain in rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of using a catheter balloon to treat crieopharyngeal achala-sia in patients with brainstem lesions. Methods Thirty cases of dysphagia caused by brainstem lesions were diag-nosed as crieopharyngeal achalasia through videofluoroscopy of swallowing.The cases were divided into a treatment group and a control group randomly.The treatment group was treated with balloon dilatation and routine dysphagia re-habilitation training once daily,while the control group was treated with routine dysphagia rehabilitation training only.The treatment end point was either the patient resuming an oral diet or after 4 weeks of treatment.All eases were evaluated videofluoroscopically with a drinking test pre-and pest-treatment.Results After 10 to 24 balloon dilata-tions,10 of the 15 patients in the treatment group regained the ability to take solid food and water orally,thoush 2 of them could take pasty food only.Only 2 of the 15 patients in the control group regained the ability to take common food by mouth,though 5 of them could take pasty food.The other patients had no improvement.There wag a signifi-cant difference between the two groups.The cricopharyngeal aehalasia of 12 patients in the ffeatment group improved from incomplete relaxation/opening to complete relaxation/opening.Pooling and residue in the pyriform sinus or val-leculae was reduced and no misaspiration was observed.In the control group only 7 patients had some improvement.The mesn time for the bolus passing the pharynx after treatment was significantly shortened from 0.23 s to 0.15 s in the treatment group,but not significantly in the control group.Conclusions Catheter balloon dilatation is effective for cricopharyngeal achalasia caused by brainstem injury and is helpful for relieving the symptoms in the pharynx phase and the esophagus phase of dysphagia.
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Objective To compare 76% meglucamine diatrizoate solution with 60%barium sulphate suspen-sion for use in videofluoroscopic swallowing studies(VFSSs).Methods Forty-nine cases of dysphagia caused by brain injury.brainstem lesion ir nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)were recruited for this study.They were divided into a meglucamine diatrizoate group of 22 patients who were administered 76% meglucamine diatrizoate solution as a contrast agent,and a barium sulphate group of 27 patients with whom 70%barium sulphate suspension was used.All the Datients were treated by balloon dilatation and other routine dysphagia rehabilitation procedures.The treatment end point was either the patient's resuming an oral diet or after 4 weeks of treatment. All cases were evaluated by VFSS pre-and post-treatment.Results The patients in the meglucamine diatrizoate group showed significant pre-and post-treatment differences in terms of the pharynx transit times of brain injury and brainstem lesion victims.NPC patients showed no significant differences.In the barium sulphate group there were significant pre-and post-treatment differences in Dharynx transit time for patients with all three conditions. Conclusions Using 76%meglucamine di-atrizoate solution as a contrast agent decreases the sensitivity of VFSS. Using 60% barium sulphate suspension in VFSS is recommended.
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Objective To study the features of eye wounds in subtropical mountain and bush zone so as to improve success rate of medical therapy and decrease disability rate for eye wounds. Methods The clinical data of eye wounds caused by Selfdefense War against Vietnam from No. 59 Hos-pital of PLA were analyzed. Results Monocular injuries accounted for 81.7% of eye wounds, with no statistical difference in the injuries between left eye and right eye. Eye wounds caused by shrapnel ac-counted for 82.2%, and it was the main injury factor. The rate of eye injuries complicated with other in-juries of the body was up to 75.6%. Globe wounds were the most commonly seen, with open globe wound accounting for 45.1%. Conclusion Timely and correct ophthalmological treatment can effectively re-duce the blinding rate.
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Objective To investigate the effect of aquaporin 5(AQP5)gene to the differentiation and development of bone marrow-deriued dendritic cells(BMDC).Methotis The DCs obtained from the bone marrow of the AQP5-/- and the wild type(WT)mice were cultured and induced to maturation by LPS.The phenotype of the two types DCs were assayed by FACS,and the phagocytosis ability Was assayed by co-incubating with FITC-conjucted ovalbumin.Results Contrast to the DCs from the WT mice,the DCs from the A9P5-/-mice showed reducing positive rate of expression of the co-stimulating molecular such as CD40,CD80.CD86.And the phagoeytosis ability of DCs from the AOP5-/-mice was lower than that of the WT mice.The relationship of the phagncytosis rate to the time from the AOP5-/- mice was different from that of the WT mice.The stimulating ability of the AOP5-/-DCs was lower than that of the WT mice.Conclusion Water transmembrane moving mediated by AQP5 iS very important to the normal function of DCs.The certain mechanism of the signal moleeular is to be determined. Aquaporin 5;Dendritic cell;Gene knockout;Co-stimulating molecular
摘要
To study the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on sleep physiology of mini pigs with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) induced by altitude hypoxia, 12 adult male mini pigs were randomly assigned into 2 groups, named A and B. The mini pigs in group A were treated with altitude hypoxia 6 h per day for 22 days, and then with CPAP 6 h per day for 30 days. For comparison, the mini pigs in group B were treated with altitude hypoxia only. The test of inspiration pressure of pharyngeal portion and the monitoring of sleeping were performed after the treatments of altitude hypoxia and CPAP. The sleeping monitor recorded the movements of chest and abdomen, respiratory airflow, heart rate, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2). The Apnea /Hypopnea Index (AHI), Apnea Index (AI), Hypopnea Index (HI), average SpO2 were all derived from the data of sleeping monitoring. In group A, the AHI and AI decreased after CPAP treatment; in the same time, SpO2 increased; these changes were significant (P < 0.05). The HI showed no significant change after CPAP treatment. The AHI, AI and HI of group A after CPAP treatment were significantly lower than those of group B after altitude hypoxia treatment only, and the SpO2 of group A was higher than that of group B. The pharyngeal inspiration pressure of group A was significantly decreased after CPAP treatment and was significantly lower than that of group B. All in all, the findings suggested that CPAP treatment could normalize the physiological indices of sleeping.