Research progress on correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease / 中华全科医师杂志

Cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of mortality in China, has become a serious public health problem. Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which has become a major focus in recent years. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical research progress of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases, in order to provide evidence for weight loss to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The modulation and mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxia in drug transport across the blood-brain barrier / 药学学报

The function of the central nervous system was significantly altered under high-altitude hypoxia, and these changes lead to central nervous system disease and affected the metabolism of drugs in vivo. The blood-brain barrier is essential for maintaining central nervous system stability and plays a key role in the regulation of drug metabolism, and barrier structure and dysfunction affect drug transport to the brain. Changes in the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier under high-altitude hypoxia are regulated by changes in brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes, and are regulated by drug metabolism factors such as drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes. This article reviews the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the effects of changes in the blood-brain barrier on drug metabolism. We investigate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier and related pathways such as transcription factors, inflammatory factors and nuclear receptors on drug transport under high-altitude hypoxia.

Association of lean tissue index with arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

The clinical data of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients from twenty hemodialysis centers in Guizhou province from June to September 2020 were collected by cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into AFD group and non-AFD group according to whether AFD had occurred. LTI was measured by body composition monitor. The results showed that the incidence of AFD in 2 781 MHD patients was 30.0% (835/2 781). Median LTI level was 15.2 (13.2, 17.5) kg/m2. The LTI level in the AFD group was higher than that in the non-AFD group (P < 0.05). According to the tertiles of LTI, low LTI group (LTI ≤ 13.9 kg/m2) had the highest incidence of AFD (35.5%, 334/940), and the high LTI group had the lowest incidence of AFD (26.3%, 241/916), and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (χ2=20.182,P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low LTI group as the reference, the risk of AFD in moderate LTI group (13.9 kg/m2 < LTI ≤ 16.6 kg/m2) and high LTI group were associated with the 20.0% (OR=0.800, 95% CI 0.650-0.986, P=0.036) and 22.8% (OR=0.772, 95% CI 0.616-0.966, P=0.024) decrease, respectively. These results suggest that low LTI level is independently associated with an increased risk of AFD in MHD patients.

Periplaneta americana extract CⅡ-3 induces senescence of leukemia K562 cells via SIRT1/mTOR signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the role of slient mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1(SIRT1)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2(TSC2)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathways in the Periplaneta americana extract CⅡ-3-induced senescence of human leukemia K562 cells. K562 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with 0(control), 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg·mL~(-1) of P. americana extract CⅡ-3. Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) and flow cytometry were employed to examine the proliferation and cell cycle of the K562 cells. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase stain kit(SA-β-gal) was used to detect the positive rate of senescent cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry. The relative mRNA level of telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, TSC2, and mTOR were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that CⅡ-3 significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells and the treatment with 80 μg·mL~(-1) CⅡ-3 for 72 h had the highest inhibition rate. Therefore, 80 μg·mL~(-1) CⅡ-3 treatment for 72 h was selected as the standard for subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, CⅡ-3 increased the proportion of cells arrested in G_0/G_1 phase, decreased the proportion of cells in S phase, increased the positive rate of SA-β-Gal staining, elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential and down-regulated the mRNA expression of TERT. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of SIRT1 and TSC2 was down-regulated, while the mRNA expression of mTOR was up-regulated. The protein expression of SIRT1 and p-TSC2 was down-regulated, while the protein expression of p-mTOR was up-regulated. The results indicated that P. americana extract CⅡ-3 induced the senescence of K562 cells via the SIRT1/mTOR signaling pathway.

Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on enamel formation of offspring mice / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of nicotine on the morphology, structure of offspring's dental germ, enamel organ and other dental tissues and the further potential epigenetic mechanisms by establishing prenatal nicotine exposure mouse model. Methods: Ten C57BL/6 pregnant mice were randomly divided into control group (physiological saline subcutaneous injection) and prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) group (nicotine subcutaneous injection) by using a random number table. Postnatal day 0 (P0), postnatal day 14 (P14) and postnatal day 25 (P25) offspring mice were collected for subsequent experiments. The offspring mice were divided into offspring control group and offspring PNE group according to the maternal group respectively. Weights of P0 and P25 offspring mice were recorded. Micro-CT, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Vickers hardness test were performed to analyze the related parameters of hard tissues including alveolar bones and mandibular incisors. Total RNAs were extracted from mandible tissues and the third generation of dental epithelial stem cells (DESC) in P25 mice. The relative expression levels of osteogenic and ameloblastic differentiation related genes were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Immunohistochemical stainings of paraffin sections were then performed to observe the distribution and expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna), amelogenin (Amelx), histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to detect the cell viabilities of DESCs after administrations of different concentrations of nicotine (0.01, 0.1, 1 mmol/L) and GSK126 (an inhibitor of histone methyltransferase Ezh2). Results: Compared with the control group, pregnant mice in PNE group were more likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as significantly lower offspring body weight [P0: offspring control (1.20±0.04) g, offspring PNE (0.99±0.02) g, P<0.001; P25: offspring control (15.26±1.70) g, offspring PNE (9.65±1.32) g, P<0.001] and increased stillbirths rate [offspring control (0), offspring PNE (46.40±9.30) %, P<0.001]. At P14 and P25, the distance parameters between the enamel mineralized deposits of mandibular incisors and the mesial surface of the first molar in offspring PNE group [P14: (-1 349±45) μm; P25: (-1 192±147) μm] was significantly decreased compared with the control group [P14: (-506±380) μm, P25: (504±198) μm] (P<0.05, P<0.001). The enamel column and enamel column stroma of incisors in offspring PNE group were blurred, arranged loosely and disorderly than those in the control group, while the microhardness of incisor enamel in offspring PNE group [(245.7±18.4) MPa] was significantly lower compared to the control group [(371.9±28.7) MPa] (P<0.001). HE staining showed disordered pre-ameloblast (Pre-Am) arrangement and delayed mineralization deposition point in offspring PNE group compared with the control group, while the length of transit-amplifying cell (TA) and Pre-Am region were prolonged as well. Immunohistochemical staining results displayed that the overall Pcna (P<0.05), H3K27me3 (P<0.01), Ezh2 (P<0.01) expression of labial cervical loop (LaCL) in PNE group were increased, while the positive signal of Amelx in ameloblast cytoplasm was impaired. In vitro, the addition of 1 mmol/L nicotine could significantly upregulate the expression level of Pcna (P<0.01) and downregulate the expression levels of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (P<0.05), leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 1 (P<0.05), Amelx (P<0.01). In addition, 1 mmol/L nicotine could also significantly enhance the proliferation activity of DESCs (P<0.001). Addition of 10 μmol/L GSK126, could rescue the proliferation activation effect of 1 mmol/L nicotine on DESCs. Conclusions: PNE may delay the process of enamel formation and lineage differentiation, leading to the abnormal proliferation of DESCs and changes of epigenetic modification state in H3K27me3, which affect the development of enamel in offspring mice,suggesting PNE might be one of risk environmental factor for tooth development.

Study on Quality Evaluation of Honeysuckle Oral Liquid Based on Quality Markers of Anti-Inflammatory Effect / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To establish a quality traceability evaluation method for the whole honeysuckle oral solution process by identifying and screening its anti-inflammatory quality markers.Methods UPLC/-TOF-MS was used to analyze the iridoids and phenolic acids in oral solution,and the correlations were constructed by molecular network technology.The HPLC fingerprints of multiple batches of oral solution were established,and similarity analyses were performed to identify key pharmacodynamic molecules.The key anti-inflammatory quality markers were confirmed by the NF-κB dual luciferase assay system.Further,the quantification of 12 quality markers of iridoids and phenolic acids in oral solution was established separately based on the dual-wavelength HPLC technique.The quality of the oral solution was evaluated by examining the extraction and transfer rate of quality markers during the processing of raw materials and preparations and thermal stability.Results A total of 9 iridoids and 6 phenolic acids were identified in the oral solution,and the possible conversion relationships between their components were depicted.Fingerprint analysis of 11 batches of oral liquids showed that the composition of their main peaks was the same,with a similarity of more than 90%.Among them,6 iridoids(loganic acid,secologanoside,secologanic acid,sweroside,secoxyloganin,secologanin)and 6 phenolic acids(neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic B,isochlorogenic A,isochlorogenic C)exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity,which were the main pharmacological components and could be used as quality markers.The traceability of the above 12 quality markers was investigated in a multi-batch process based on the dual-wavelength HPLC method.The thermal stability studies of the raw materials revealed that the contents of their total iridoids and phenolic acids remained stable.Still,some of them would be transformed between components.The production process of the oral solution was stable,and the transfer rates of the iridoids and phenolic acids during the extraction,concentration and preparation were over 76%and 63%,respectively.Conclusion The method is stable,reliable,easy to operate and can evaluate the full honeysuckle oral solution process,which provides an effective means for the quality control of honeysuckle herbs and preparations.

Intervention effect of network mental health education based rehabilitation platform on patients with bipolar disorder in remission stage / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the intervention effect of rehabilitation platform-based online psycho-education on patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission stage.Methods:In this randomized controlled study, 91 patients with BD in remission stage who attended the community health center in Xicheng District, Beijing from July to August 2021 were randomly divided into a test group (46 cases) and a control group (45 cases) according to a 1∶1 ratio using the random number table. Baseline data were collected from both groups, and the control group received conventional medication and community telephone follow-up, while the test group was given online mental health education in the form of a WeChat subscription number on this basis, including BD mental health education course push (twice a week) and disease self-management (daily recording of mood, sleep, medication, exercise and gratitude diary), and the intervention period was 6 months in both groups. During the intervention, one patient in the test group was admitted to hospital due to exacerbation of mental illness and the trial was terminated. A total of 90 cases were included in the study. The scores of Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (PDD) were assessed at baseline, after 3 months and 6 months of intervention in both groups, respectively. And the differences in baseline data between the two groups were compared using two independent samples t test and χ2 test, and the repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare the differences in MARS, HAMD, YMRS, and PDD scores between the two groups before and after the intervention, and to analyze the intervention effects of network mental health education based on the rehabilitation platform on patients in remission stage of BD. Results:After 6 months of intervention, MARS scores in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(8.47±1.75) vs (7.47±1.85)], and was significantly higher than that at baseline (7.36±2.13) and after 3 months of intervention (8.04±1.68) (all P<0.05). YMRS and PDD scores in the test group were significantly lower than those at baseline after 3 and 6 months of intervention [YMRS, 2.0(1.0,4.0),2.0(0,3.0) vs 3.0(1.0,5.5); PDD, (31.18±4.65), (30.13±4.76) vs (32.51±4.51)] (all P<0.05); the differences in YMRS and PDD scores in the control group were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the two groups before and after the intervention (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Combining mental health education based on rehabilitation platform with conventional medication and community management can significantly improve the medication compliance of patients with BD in remission stage, and improve their manic symptoms and reduce the stigma of the disease.

Integrated mass spectrometry imaging reveals spatial-metabolic alteration in diabetic cardiomyopathy and the intervention effects of ferulic acid / 药物分析学报

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry(MS)with the spatial information of imaging.In this study,we used MSI to visualize metabolites in the rat heart with high spatial resolution and sensitivity.We optimized the air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization(AFADESI)-MSI platform to detect a wide range of metabolites,and then used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)-MSI for increasing metabolic coverage and improving localization resolution.AFADESI-MSI detected 214 and 149 metabolites in positive and negative analyses of rat heart sections,respectively,while MALDI-MSI detected 61 metabolites in negative analysis.Our study revealed the heterogenous metabolic profile of the heart in a DCM model,with over 105 region-specific changes in the levels of a wide range of metabolite classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives,fatty acids,glycerol phospholipids,carnitines,and metal ions.The repeated oral administration of ferulic acid during 20 weeks significantly improved most of the metabolic disorders in the DCM model.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM and the potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent for treating this condition.

Correlation analysis between the expression of CD47 and the degree of cervical lesions / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between CD47 and cervical lesions.@*Methods@#The expression and overall survival of CD47 in cervical cancer was analyzed using TCGA and TCGA Target GTEx databases. Based on GEO databases , the expression of CD47 was analyzed between cervical sample infected by HPV 16/18 and nonHPV. The differences of CD47 expression in the degrees of cervical lesions infected by HPV 16/18 were compared.The patholgical sections of colposcopy biopsy came from 320 patients who were admitted cervical cancer screening ,including HPV typing and E6/E7 mRNA detection. Immunohistochemistry were used to determine CD47 expression , and histochemistry score(H⁃score) was used to quantify the levels of CD47. The correlation among HPV 16/18 , pathological grades and CD47 was analyzed.@*Results@#Bioinformatics tool analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that CD47 was up⁃regulated in HSIL and CC , associated with the prognosis of CC. The expression levels of CD47 in cervical tissues increased significantly after HPV 16/18 infection ( t = 2. 494 , P < 0. 05 ) , and in HPV 16/18 infected tissues , with the increase of pathological grades. The expression levels of CD47 significantly increased(F = 4. 351 , P < 0. 05 ; rs = 0. 278 , P < 0. 001) . The expression of CD47 in the E6/E7 mRNA( + ) was higher than that in the E6/E7 mRNA( - ) ( t = 5. 710 , P < 0. 000 1) , and the copies of E6/E7 were related to the degree of cervical lesions , and were positively correlated with the expression level of CD47 ( F = 15. 557 , P <0. 000 1 ; rs = 0. 649 , P < 0. 000 1) ( rs = 0. 73 , P < 0. 000 1) .@*Conclusion@#CD47 is overexpressed in HSIL and CC after HPV 16/18 infection. The expression levels of CD47 increases with the degree of cervical lesions , and is correlated with E6/E7 mRNA. CD47 may be a potential target for cervical disease progression and therapy.

Pay more attention to several issues in genetic diagnosis for patients with inherited retinal diseases / 中华眼底病杂志

Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a group of genetic disorders with high genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Patients with IRD may have their clinical diagnosis confirmed by genetic testing. Over the past 30 years, rapid advances in molecular genetics have raised the disease-causing gene variant detection rate and the accuracy of genetic testing, which provide hope to patients. The genetic diagnosis of patients with IRD is complicated due to the overlapping clinical phenotypes, and the fact that different variants lead to different phenotypes and severity even of the same gene. It is very important to overall evaluate the clinical phenotype of patients, precisely select genetic testing methods, and reasonably define disease-causing genes and variants during genetic diagnosis, which can guide the patient's subsequent treatment and provide genetic counseling.

Effect of Fuzheng Kangai Decoction on Immune Regulation and Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Rats with Ovarian Carcinoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Fuzheng Kangai decotion （FZKAD） on the immune regulation and the inhibition of tumor growth in rats with ovarian carcinoma. Method:Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， lentinan （0.05 g·kg^-1） group， and high （27.3 g·kg^-1）， medium （13.65 g·kg^-1） and low （6.825 g·kg^-1） dose groups of FZKAD， with 10 mice in each group， serum hemolytic value （HC₅₀）， antibody-forming cells and the phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophages were measured. Fischer 344 rat xenograft model was established through inoculation of NUTU-19 cell in the right axilla， and the model rats were randomly divided into model group， cisplatin group （0.002 g·kg^-1）， and high （18.9 g·kg^-1）， medium （9.45 g·kg^-1）， and low （4.725 g·kg^-1） dose groups of FZKAD， with 10 rats in each group， in addition， 10 healthy rats were randomly selected as the normal group. Tumor quality， tumor inhibition rate， T lymphocyte subsets， and expressions of serum cytokines， enhancer binding protein homologous protein 1（XBP1） and enhancer binding protein homologous protein （CHOP） protein in tumor tissues were detected after 14 days of administration. Result:Compared with normal group， HC₅₀， level of antibody-forming cells， phagocytic index and phagocytic activity of mice in high， medium and low-dose groups of FZKAD were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Tumor quality and XBP1 protein expression in high， medium and low-dose groups of FZKAD were significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01） compared with the model group， while the tumor inhibition rate， CD4⁺， CD8⁺ T cell ratio， CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-2 （IL-2）， <italic>γ-</italic>interferon （IFN-<italic>γ</italic>） expression and CHOP protein expression were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FZKAD can improve the immune function of normal mice and inhibit the tumor growth in rats with ovarian carcinoma， and the immunity regulation effect is the main mechanism.

Spatial-resolved metabolomics reveals tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy by using mass spectrometry imaging

Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases.

Effects of physical activity and exercise on metabolic syndrome / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome appeared at older and lower age. Increasing physical activity and active movement can effectively improve insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome, regulate lipid and glucose metabolisms, decrease blood pressure and reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively review the effect of physical activity and exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome, and to further reveal the positive benefits of physical activity, aerobic exercise and resistance movement to young children and middle-aged and elderly people, so as to provide theoretical and practical reference for effective prevention, mitigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and ElsevierSDOL databases were used to search relevant articles with the keywords of “metabolic syndrome, physical activity, exercise” in Chinese and English, respectively. The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and the influence of physical activity and exercise on metabolic syndrome were summarized to confirm the included studies eligible for the objectives. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Adequate physical activity is an independent protective factor of metabolic syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, such as less sitting and hyperactivity, changing travel mode and increasing housework, can effectively accelerate energy metabolism and improve insulin sensitivity in all groups, reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and each component of the disease. (2) Regular exercise has a significantly positive effect on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can reduce the body fat content and insulin resistance and other risk factors. Resistance exercise can increase skeletal muscle content, increase basal metabolic rate and insulin sensitivity, especially control blood sugar. Only aerobic exercise can correct the inflammatory reaction of metabolic syndrome, and has more advantages in reducing body fat and lowering blood pressure. (3) Obesity in children and adolescents is closely related to metabolic syndrome. Physical activity and exercise play a significant role in the prevention and improvement of metabolic syndrome, while the improvement of metabolic syndrome can control obesity in children and adolescents. The survival rate of middle-aged and elderly patients with metabolic syndrome decreased, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increased, and the mortality rate increased. Lifestyle change and regular exercise are important measures to prevent and cure the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the middle-aged and elderly.

Effects of scaffold microstructure and mechanical properties on regeneration of tubular dentin / 华西口腔医学杂志

Tubular dentin is of great significance in the process of tooth tissue and tooth regeneration, because it is not only the structural feature of primary dentin, but also can affect the tooth sensory function, affect the differentiation of dental pulp cells and provide strong mechanical support for teeth. Scaffold is one of the three elements of tissue engineering dentin regeneration. Most experiments on dentin regeneration involve the study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of scaffold materials have important effects on the differentiation and adhesion of odontoblast, it can directly affect the tissue structure of regenerated dentin.

Role of cyclophilin A during coronavirus replication and the antiviral activities of its inhibitors / 生物工程学报

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a widely distributed and highly conserved protein in organisms. It has peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity and is a receptor for cyclosporin A (CsA). Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. Seven types of coronaviruses are currently known to infect humans, among which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are fatal for humans. It is well established that CypA is essential for the replication of various coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, CoV-229E, CoV-NL63, and FCoV. Additionally, CsA and its derivatives (ALV, NIM811, etc.) have obvious inhibitory effects on a variety of coronaviruses. These results suggest that CypA is a potential antiviral target and the existing drug CsA might be used as an anti-coronavirus drug. At the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 raged in China, which seriously theatern human health and causes huge economic lases. In view of this, we describe the effects of CypA on the replication of coronaviruses and the antiviral activities of its inhibitors, which will provide the scientific basis and ideas for the development of antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2.

Effection of aralia total saponins to the apoptosis and antioxidant renal tissue of diabetic mice / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the effect of aralia total saponins on renal function of type 2 diabetic mice, and its effect on the Bax and Bcl-2 protein in renal tissues, in order to provide some references for the development of aralia total saponins. Methods The mice were divided into the normal group, model group, positive control group, low, medium and high dose aralia total saponins group by random number method. Except the normal group, the others were received with high-fat diet for one month+one-time large dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 2 diabetic model, and then the mice in the normal group and the model group were intragastrically administered with the same volume of normal saline, and the mice in the positive control group was given 1 mg/kg of benazepril solution, and the low, medium and high dose groups were given 30, 60, 120 mg/kg aralia total saponins. The body weight of 1 ml/kg mice was intragastrically administered once a day. After treatment for 6 weeks they were sacrificed, and the serum insulin, and SOD and MDA levels were measured, the urine creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (UN), and uric acid (UA) levels were also measured. The immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in kidney tissues. Results Compared with the model group, the blood glucose and insulin resistance index in the low, medium and high doses aralia total saponins group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the levels of urine UN, Cr and UA significantly decreased (P<0.05); The serum SOD level increased and the MDA level significantly decreased (P<0.05). The average gray value of Bcl-2 increased (92.26 ± 11.36, 107.17 ± 9.26, 132.65 ± 8.45 vs. 56.42 ± 16.24) in kidney tissue. The average gray value of Bax (152.62 ± 9.86, 124.48 ± 10.36, 92.29 ± 10.10 vs. 171.38 ± 15.18) significantly decreased ( P<0.05); Bax protein (0.81 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.07, 0.52 ± 0.09 vs. 2.02 ± 0.09) significantly decreased, but Bcl-2 protein (0.92 ± 0.08, 0.94 ± 0.12, 1.27 ± 0.07 vs. 0.30 ± 0.09) significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions The aralia total saponins can reduce blood sugar levels, meanwhile improve renal function in type 2 diabetic mice. The mechanism may be may be that aralia total saponins could improve the antioxidant capacity and inhibition of renal cell apoptosis.

The effects of aralia saponins on the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in type 2 diabetic nephropathy mice / 中国医师杂志

Objective To observe the effect of aralia saponins on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the kidney of diabetic nephropathy mice.Methods After 10 days of adaptive feeding,90 clean Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal group (n =10) and 5 model groups (model group,positive drug benazepril intervention group,aralia saponins low,middle and high doses treatment groups).Excepted the normal group,the kidney damage model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice was induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet for one month plus disposable streptozotocin (STZ).The model was successfully constructed and killed after 6 weeks of treatment.A total of 25 mice failed to establish the model.And totally 55 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 11 mice in each group.The serum changes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (SCr),insulin,inflammatory factors interleukin-1α (IL-1α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in each group were detected.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and MMP-9 protein in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the levels of blood glucose,insulin,BUN,SCr,IL-1α,IL-6 and TNF-α in the model group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The above indexes were decreased in positive drug group and aralia saponins treatment groups.The contents of insulin,BUN and SCr in the high dose of aralia saponins group were significantly lower than those parameters in benazepril group (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the contents of blood glucose,IL-1α,IL-6 and TNF-α in the three dose aralia saponins groups were significantly lower than those parameters in the benazepril group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the normal group,the expression level of VEGF protein in the model group was significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression level of MMP-9 protein was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,both benazepril and aralia saponins can reduce VEGF (P ＜ 0.05),increase MMP-9 (P ＜ 0.05).In addition for VEGF and MMP-9,the high dose of aralia saponins group and benazepril group was basically same.Conclusions Aralia saponins can significantly reduce blood glucose,insulin and serum inflammatory factors,while downregnlate VEGF and increase MMP-9 protein levels,thereby protecting the kidneys of diabetic nephropathy mice.

Study on the correlation between red blood cell volume distribution width and protein energy wasting in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between red blood cell volume distribution width(RDW)and protein energy wasting(PEW)in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in eight hemodialysis centers of Guizhou province in 2018.Clinical data,laboratory values,physical parameters and body composition data of MHD patients were collected. According to the quartile of RDW,the patients were divided into four groups. The differences in the indexes among the 4 groups were compared.Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationships between RDW and the occurance of PEW. The receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)was applied to evaluate the predictive power of RDW for PEW. RESULTS: Totally 594 MHD patients were enrolled and were divided into 4 groups,value according to RDW quartile(Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurance of PEW was correlated with RDW in MHD patients. The risk of PEW in MHD Q4 group was 2.583 times higher than that of the Q1 group(95%CI 1.588-4.202, P<0.001). After adjustment for patients' age, gender, DM history,dialysis age,hemoglobin, serum phosphorus, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase,the risk of Q4 group was 2.197 fold higher than that of Q1 group(95%CI 1.306-3.698, P<0.005). Recover operating characteristic(ROC)analysis showed that the optimal threshold for predicting PEW risks in MHD patients was 15.6% with a sensitivity and specificity of 40.35% and78.72% respectively and the area under curve was 0.611(95%CI 0.570-0.650,P<0.0001). CONCLUSION:s For MHD patients,RDW is associated with the occurance of PEW and has the value for PEW.

Paying attention to young talents cultivation to reserve forces for reserve research in hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Young talents training to reserve scientific research reserve force is one of the important problems that the scientific research department should take into account .Methods Two main measurements ,service support and inter-nal policy support were adopted to promote the development of technical talents .Service supports including make good use of the Youth League Committee ,establishing the model of young science and technology ,organizing scientific research kick-off meeting and carrying out Youth Science and Technology Forum .Results Such measurements enhanced the enthusiasm for sci-entific research participation of young people ,which played important role in making changes to insure the rising of the level of young talents .Conclusions The training of young talents from two aspects including service and policy not only enhanced their scientific research level ,but also helpful in promoting their research competence ,and further ,reserve the scientific research re-serve force for the hospital .

A retrospective study of antiepileptic drugs, etiology and seizure patterns in hospitalized patients with epilepsy / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the etiology, seizure type and anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) utilization of in-patients with epilepsy Methods The study included 5563 cases in-patients with epilepsy. The etiology and seizure type and the date of type, quantity of AEDs in-patient department were collected and their usage frequency were analyzed statistically. Results The most common etiology of epilepsy was traumatic brain injury(13.64%), followed by hippocampal sclerosis (11.52%), stroke (5.24%), nervous system infection (4.98%), perinatal injury ( 5 . 28 % ) and undefined etiology ( 40 . 80 % ) . The most common seizure type was partial seizures (45.43% ). The AEDs of carbamazepine and valproate were the most common used drugs in the clinical and their average usage frequency were 36.88% and 30.80%, respectively. The newer AEDs of Lamotrigine and Levetiracetam were used more frequently. The use of Lamotrigine increased from 16.16% to 28.44% and the Levetiracetam from 0.61% to 20.87% whereas the use of Oxcarbazepine and Topiramate remained a stable level of 15.07% and 9.42%. Conclusion The etiology of epilepsy is complicated and the seizure type of epilepsy was diverse. Among a great variety of anti-epileptic drugs, the newanti-epileptic drugs are being increasingly used.