Tuberculosis drug resistance profiling based on machine learning: A literature review

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a major threat to the World Health Organization's "End TB" strategy which has defined its target as the year 2035. In 2019, there were close to 0.5 million cases of DRTB, of which 78% were resistant to multiple TB drugs. The traditional culture-based drug susceptibility test (DST - the current gold standard) often takes multiple weeks and the necessary laboratory facilities are not readily available in low-income countries. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology is rapidly becoming an important tool in clinical and research applications including transmission detection or prediction of DR-TB. For the latter, many tools have recently been developed using curated database(s) of known resistance conferring mutations. However, documenting all the mutations and their effect is a time-taking and a continuous process and therefore Machine Learning (ML) techniques can be useful for predicting the presence of DR-TB based on WGS data. This can pave the way to an earlier detection of drug resistance and consequently more efficient treatment when compared to the traditional DST.

Whole genome sequence of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates of the genotype 1 from Brazilian patients with pulmonary disease demonstrates considerable heterogeneity

Mycobacterium kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most commonly encountered species in individuals with lung disease. We here report the complete genome sequence of 12 clinical isolates of M. kansasii from patients with pulmonary disease in Brazil.

Complicaçöes do fechamento de colostomia / Complications of colostomy closure

Sao analisadas as complicacoes associadas ao fechamento de colostomias na Unidade de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital Regional de Taguatinga,entre janeiro de 1981 e dezembro de 1989. Foram estudados 76 pacientes com idades entre 15 e 84 anos, com media de 37,46 anos, sendo 59 (77,63%) do sexo masculino e 17 (22,37%) do sexo feminino. As colostomias eram do tipo alca em 67% dos casos e foram confeccionadas para tratamento de trauma colorretal em 53(69,75%)pacientes. Ocorreram complicacoes associadas ao fechamento do estoma em 29 pacientes e um obito, dando uma morbidade de 38,16% e mortalidade de 1,32%