摘要
Objective To explore the expression of junctophilin 2(JP2)and fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)in a rabbit model of atrial fibrillation mediated-cardiomyopathy(AMC).Methods Rabbit models of atrial fibrillation(AF)were developed through rapid atrial stimulation and then divided into three groups:control group(pacemak-ers implanted without pacing,n=6),AF group(pacing with ejection fraction decrease＜10％,n=5),and AMC group(pacing with ejection fraction decrease≥10％,n=6).Echocardiography was performed to detect left ventric-ular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).JP2 and FGF23 were detected by ELISA method.Western blot and RT-qPCR were conducted to detect protein and mRNA expression of JP2 and FGF23.Results Left atrial diameter,right atrial diameter and right ventricular diameter increased and LVEF decreased in the AMC group as compared with the control group.AMC group had lower LVEF and larger aorta and right ventricle diameter.Compared with the control group,the ex-pression of FGF23(P＜0.001)and JP2(P＜0.01)in left atrial cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in the AF group,while the expression of JP2 was decreased in the AMC group(P＜0.001).AMC group had lower expression of JP2 and FGF23 compared with AF group.Compared to the control group,plasma concentration of JP2 and FGF23 increased in the AF group and FGF23 plasma concentration increased in the AMC group.Plasma concentration of FGF23 and JP2 was lower in AMC group than that in AF group.Conclusions FGF23 expression increased and JP2 expression decreased as found in the rabbit AMC model.
摘要
The long-term efficacy and complications of implantable diaphragm pacer (IDP) in a child with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) in the Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center in September 2022 were retrospective analyzed.A male child had quadriplegia without an obvious cause at the age of 12 years, and he was then lived completely with the assistance of mechanical ventilation.At the age of 14 years, he could wean off the ventilator in unilateral diaphragmatic pacing mode.However, mechanical ventilation was re-given for months after 5 years due to pneumonia, and then the IDP was re-given with the self-felt decreased pacing effect.After hospitalization, the patient was examined with mild diaphragmatic atrophy, secondary flat chest, and mild scoliosis.After optimization of the transdiaphragmatic pacing threshold and rehabilitation, his respiratory function improved.IDP can be used in CSCI for long time, while flat chest and scoliosis that limited the expansion of the lungs should be considered.At the meantime, the increased abdominal spasm affected the abdominal compliance, leading to the decrease in the efficiency of the diaphragm.
摘要
ObjectiveTo investigate the neurological outcome of children with dance-associated spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) and explore its related factors and predictive model. MethodsFrom July, 2012 to January, 2022, 75 children with dance-associated SCIWORA hospitalized in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were divided into improved group (n = 14) and non-improved group (n = 61) according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade a year later, and the related factors were analyzed. ResultsAll patients were girls aged four to ten years. Most of them were complete spinal cord injuries (52/75, 69%). The time of injury to rehabilitation (OR = 0.926, P = 0.046, 95%CI 0.858 to 0.999), the existing tendon reflex (OR = 46.915，P = 0.012, 95%CI 2.333 to 943.616) and muscle tension (OR = 8.932，P = 0.044，95%CI 1.063~75.067) were correlated with the AIS grade improvement. The combination of time of injury to rehabilitation, tendon reflex and muscle tone existing may predict the improvement of AIS (AUC = 0.953, P < 0.001，95%CI 0.878 to 0.989), the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 83.61%, respectively. ConclusionThe neurological outcome of children with dance-associated SCIWORA is poor. Rehabilitation training as soon as possible is beneficial to the neurological recovery. Tendon reflexe and muscle tone existing at admission are closely related to improvement of neurological outcome, which could be used as potential indicators.
摘要
Patchoulol is an important sesquiterpenoid in the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin, and is also considered to be the main contributing component to the pharmacological efficacy and fragrance of P. cablin oil, which has antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, and other biological activities. Currently, patchoulol and its essential oil blends are in high demand worldwide, but the traditional plant extraction method has many problems such as wasting land and polluting the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to produce patchoulol efficiently and at low cost. To broaden the production method of patchouli and achieve the heterologous production of patchoulol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the patchoulol synthase(PS) gene from P. cablin was codon optimized and placed under the inducible strong promoter GAL1 to transfer into the yeast platform strain YTT-T5, thereby obtaining strain PS00 with the production of(4.0±0.3) mg·L~(-1) patchoulol. To improve the conversion rate, this study used protein fusion method to fuse SmFPS gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza with PS gene, leading to increase the yield of patchoulol to(100.9±7.4) mg·L~(-1) by 25-folds. By further optimizing the copy number of the fusion gene, the yield of patchoulol was increased by 90% to(191.1±32.7) mg·L~(-1). By optimizing the fermentation process, the strain was able to achieve a patchouli yield of 2.1 g·L~(-1) in a high-density fermentation system, which was the highest yield so far. This study provides an important basis for the green production of patchoulol.
Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Sesquiterpenes/metabolism , Pogostemon , Oils, Volatile/metabolism摘要
Following the preparation of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction from 18 batches, the method for detecting their characteristic spectra was established to identify the similarity range and peak attribution. The content and transfer rate ranges of the index components coptisine, palmatine, berberine, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, and cinnamaldehyde and the extraction amount were combined for analyzing the quality value transfer from the Chinese medicinal pieces to substance benchmarks and clarifying the key quality attributes of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction. The results showed that the substance benchmarks in Huang-lian Decoction of 18 batches exhibited good similarity in characteristic spectra(all greater than 0.98). There were 17 characteristic peaks identified in the substance benchmarks of Huanglian Decoction, including 10 from Coptidis Rhizoma, 3 from Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle(processed with water), 1 from Zingiberis Rhizoma, and 3 from Cinnamomi Ramulus. The contents and average transfer rates of the index components were listed as follows: coptisine 2.20-6.46 mg·g~(-1) and 18.50%±2.93%; palmatine 3.03-8.13 mg·g~(-1) and 26.56%±4.69%; berberine 7.71-22.29 mg·g~(-1) and 17.34%±3.00%; liquiritin 0.88-2.18 mg·g~(-1) and 9.88%±4.88%; glycyrrhizic acid 1.83-4.44 mg·g~(-1) and 8.50%±3.72%; 6-gingerol 0.56-1.43 mg·g~(-1) and 11.36%±2.37%; cinnamaldehyde 1.55-3.48 mg·g~(-1) and 19.02%±4.36%. The extraction amount of the substance benchmarks from the 18 batches was controlled at 10.65%-13.88%. In this paper, the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction was analyzed based on the characteristic spectra, the index component contents and the extraction amount, which has provided a basis for the subsequent development of Huanglian Decoction and the quality control of its related preparations.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards , Quality Control摘要
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of modified Huatan Tongluo Decoction combined with acupoint massage in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:A total of 83 patients with AIS, who met the inclusion criteria in the hospital between January 2020 and January 2021, were randomly divided into the control group ( n=41) and the observation group ( n=42). The control group received conventional western medicine treatment, and the observation group adopted modified Huatan Tongluo Decoction combined with acupoint massage therapy on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The TCM symptoms were scored before and after treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological deficit and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used for the evaluation of daily living ability of patients. The Serum levels of Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) were detected by ELISA, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results:The total effective rate was 92.9% (39/42) in observation group and that in the control group was 75.6% (31/41) ( χ2=4.67, P=0.031). After treatment, the scores of unconsciousness, consciousness trance, numbness and weakness, deviation of the eye and mouth and hemiplegia in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=2.18, 3.11, 2.80, 2.07, 2.24, all Ps<0.05), and the NIHSS score was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=2.58, P=0.012) while the MBI score was significantly higher than that of control group ( t=2.59, P=0.011). After treatment, the levels of serum IMA [(67.05±8.34) mg/L vs. (71.48±8.52) mg/L, t=2.39], MMP-9 [(100.72±12.49) ng/L vs. (107.66±13.05) ng/L, t=2.48] and GDF-15 [(438.16±43.20) ng/L vs. (461.93±44.19) ng/L, t=2.48] in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The modified Huatan Tongluo Decoction combined with acupoint massage can relieve the clinical symptoms and brain damage degree, improve the neurological function and living ability, and enhance the clinical efficacy of patients with AIS.
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Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a significant health problem but the involved mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been demonstrated to be expressed in the dorsal root ganglion and involved in chronic pain. Here, we show that TLR8 was persistently increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in model of TNP induced by partial infraorbital nerve ligation (pIONL). In addition, deletion or knockdown of Tlr8 in the TG attenuated pIONL-induced mechanical allodynia, reduced the activation of ERK and p38-MAPK, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. Furthermore, intra-TG injection of the TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 induced pain hypersensitivity. VTX-2337 also increased the intracellular Ca
摘要
Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of morcellator assisted by transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic enucleation and resction of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:A total of 90 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated in the Department of Urology, Shenyang Fifth People′s Hospital from Apirl 2020 to Apirl 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the experimental group ( n=50) and the control group ( n=40) according to different sugical methods. Among them, patients underwent transurethral plasma anatomical prostatectomy with the aid of morcellator in the experimental group, patients of the control group underwent plasma prostatectomy. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the decrease in hemoglobin, postoperative catheter retention, hospitalization time, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) of 3 months after surgery, quality of life score (QOL), maximum urine flow rate(Qmax), residual urine volume (PVR), surgical complications and other related indicators in the two groups were compared. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), comparison between groups was by t-test; comparison of count data between groups was by Chi-square test. Results:Both groups were successfully treated by transurethral surgery. There were significant difference in the amount of blood loss [(62.11±5.32) mL vs (95.12±10.32) mL], the total operation time[(40.25±12.75) min vs (72.1±13.41) min], postoperative catheter retention[(3.02±0.41) d vs (4.73±1.32) d], hospitalization time[(4.03±0.41) d vs (6.52±0.85) d], the decrease in hemoglobin[(2.65±0.52) g/L vs (4.21±0.85) g/L]( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the IPSS score(7.36±3.26 vs 8.12±3.56), QOL(2.12±0.32 vs 2.32±0.21), Qmax[(15.47±4.53) mL/s vs (16.23±3.21) mL/s], PVR [(15.25±5.14) mL vs (16.21±5.26) mL], the incidence of complications(6.00% vs 5.00%)( P>0.05). Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by transurethral plasma anatomical prostatectomy assisted by tissue planer, which can significantly improve its clinical efficacy.
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Objective:To quantitatively analyze the changes of Staphylococcus aureus in different processed products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Method:The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method （Real-time PCR） was established to quantitatively analyze S. aureus in Angelicae Sinensis Radix decoction pieces which bought from different producing areas， different enterprises and different storage time. The fluorescence quantitative reaction system was SYBR Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ of 10 μL， each of forward primer and reverse primer （10 μmol·L-1） of 0.8 μL， template/genome DNA of 1 μL， double distilled water of 7.4 μL. The reaction conditions of the fluorescence quantitative amplification curve were pre-denaturing for 30 s at 94 ℃， denaturing for 10 s at 94 ℃， annealing for 12 s at 60 ℃， extensing for 30 s at 72 ℃， cycling 45 times， single-point detection signal at 72 ℃. The melting curve was made from 72 ℃， and the step temperature of 0.5 ℃ was kept for 15 s to collect fluorescence. According to the results of Real-time PCR， representative samples were selected from Angelicae Sinensis Radix decoction pieces for comparison between plate counting method and Real-time PCR. Result:The content of S. aureus in different processed products was sorted by rank of raw Angelicae Sinensis Radix>soil-fried Angelicae Sinensis Radix>wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The content of S. aureus was the lowest in the samples from Weiyuan area of Gansu province by comparing with other producing areas. Compared with the retail enterprises， the content of S. aureus in raw products and wine-processed products from production and sale enterprises was lower. Different storage time had certain effect on the content of S. aureus in raw products and wine-processed products， and the content of S. aureus increased with the increase of storage time. The detection results of plate counting method were 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than that of Real-time PCR. Conclusion:The established Real-time PCR is superior to plate counting method in specificity， sensitivity， reliability and reporting period， which can provide an effective method for rapid and accurate quantitative detection of S. aureus in different processed products of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
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Although the tumor suppressor P53 is known to regulate a broad network of signaling pathways, it is still unclear how certain drugs influence these P53 signaling networks. Here, we used a comprehensive single-cell multiomics view of the effects of ginsenosides on cancer cells. Transcriptome and proteome profiling revealed that the antitumor activity of ginsenosides is closely associated with P53 protein. A miRNA-proteome interaction network revealed that P53 controlled the transcription of at least 38 proteins, and proteome-metabolome profiling analysis revealed that P53 regulated proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and "Warburg effect". The results of integrative multiomics analysis revealed P53 protein as a potential key target that influences the anti-tumor activity of ginsenosides. Furthermore, by applying affinity mass spectrometry (MS) screening and surface plasmon resonance fragment library screening, we confirmed that 20()-protopanaxatriol directly targeted adjacent regions of the P53 DNA-binding pocket and promoted the stability of P53-DNA interactions, which further induced a series of omics changes.
摘要
Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO)is a common urinary tract obstructive disease and it is one of the common causes of hydronephrosis in children and adolescents. Untreated UPJO may cause aggrava﹣tion of hydronephrosis,chronic infection,urinary calculi,or even Worsening of renal function. UPJO＇s treatment includes conservative and surgical treatment,and surgical treatment not only includes endoscopic surgery and classic open pyelo﹣plasty,it also includes minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy and robot－assisted laparoscopic surgery. In recent years,the application of minimally invasive techniques in pyeloplasty has been greatly improved and developed, noW the research progress of UPJO in treatment is revieWed.
摘要
To explore influence of dual antiplatelet therapy combined different dose of atorvastatin calci‐um on serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE‐cadherin) in patients with acute cerebral infarction atorvastatin routine dose group (ACI).Methods :A total of 119 ACI patients admitted in our hospital from 2016 to 2017 were randomly divided into atorvastatin routine dose group (n＝61) and large dose group (n＝58 ,40mg ,once／d) ,both groups received routine treatment and aspirin + clopidogrel for 30d. NIHSS ,serum levels of hsCRP ,TNF‐α ,IL‐8 ,MCP‐1 and VE‐cadherin ,carotid atherosclerotic plaque size and IMT before and after treatment ,and incidence of adverse reactions were measured and compared between two groups . Results :Compared with before treatment ,there was significant reduction in NIHSS score after 15d and 30d in two groups ,and those of 30d were significantly lower than those of 15d ,P＝0. 001 all ;compared with routine dose group after 15d and 30d ,there was significant reduction in NIHSS score [15d :(5.32 ± 1. 63 ) scores vs .(4. 13 ± 1.25 ) scores] in large dose group ,P＝ 0.001 ;Compared with routine dose group after 30d ,there were significant reduc‐tions in serum levels of hsCRP [(9.37 ± 1.85)mg／L vs.(6. 35 ± 1.94)mg／L] ,TNF‐α[(10. 15 ± 2.47)μg／L vs.(7. 44 ± 1.94)μg／L ] ,IL‐8 [(20. 35 ± 4.48 )μmol／L vs.(15. 14 ± 3. 61 ) μmol／L ] ,MCP‐1 [(234.54 ± 32. 53 ) ng／L vs. (185.46 ± 29. 47) ng／L] ,VE‐cadherin [(5. 32 ± 0. 49)mg／L vs.(4. 18 ± 0.54) mg／L] ,plaque size [(17.25 ± 3.14) mm2 vs.(14.13 ± 2.07)mm2 ] and IMT[(1.08 ± 0.25)mm vs.(0.85 ± 0. 17)mm] in large dose group ,P＝0.001 all. There was no significant difference in incidence rate of adverse reaction between two groups .Conclusion :Large dose atorvastatin combined dual antiplatelet therapy can significantly reduce serum levels of MCP‐1 and VE‐cadherin ,im‐prove brain function without increasing incidence rate of adverse reactions .
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In the process of kidney acquisition and transplantation, the donor kidney undergoes hypoxia, ischemia and reperfusion, which inevitably leads to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the donor kidney. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) is a ubiquitous oxygen-sensitive transcription factor. It can be activated rapidly during I/R injury. Then preventing and reducing the I/R injury of donor kidney during kidney transplantation by mediating the adaptation of donor kidney to hypoxic stress through direct or indirect ways, and participating in the repair of injury, thereby improving the effect of kidney transplantation. This review describes the evidence of the role of HIF-1α in I/R injury of donor kidney during kidney transplantation, and provides a theoretical basis for further research.
摘要
In the process of kidney acquisition and transplantation,the donor kidney undergoes hypoxia,ischemia and reperfusion,which inevitably leads to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the donor kidney.Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a ubiquitous oxygen-sensitive transcription factor.It can be activated rapidly during I/R injury.Then preventing and reducing the I/R injury of donor kidney during kidney transplantation by mediating the adaptation of donor kidney to hypoxic stress through direct or indirect ways,and participating in the repair of injury,thereby improving the effect of kidney transplantation.This review describes the evidence of the role of HIF-1α in I/R injury of donor kidney during kidney transplantation,and provides a theoretical basis for further research.
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Objective To investigate the difference of blood supply in different areas of the normal femoral head in adults.Methods A retrospective study analyzed the DCE-MRI parameters data of 2 5 normal adults (25 right hips)in our hospital.The femoral head was assumed to be a sphere.On T1 WI of DCE-MRI,the right femoral head was divided into three parts equally in coronal,sagittal, and transverse plane respectively.Time to peak(TTP),maximum of enhancement at first past(fEmax),maximum of enhancement (Emax)were measured in three parts and compared in coronal,sagittal and transverse plane respectively.Results (1 )In coronal plane,there were no significant differences between the three parts in TTP,fEmax and Emax.(2 )In transverse plane,fEmax and Emax were lower in the transverse superior zone than that in the transverse central zone significantly (P＝0.024 and P＝0.001)and the transverse inferior zone(P＝0.005 and P＝0.018).TTP was higher in the transverse superior zone than that in the transverse central zone and the transverse inferior zone(P＝0.005 and P＝0.018).(3)In sagittal plane,fEmax and Emax were lower in the sagittal lateral zone than that in the sagittal centralzone (P＝0.019 and P＝0.041)and sagittal medial zone (P＝0.047 and P＝0.01 1).TTP was higher in the sagittal lateral zone than that in the sagittal central zone and the sagittal medial zone(P＝0.014 and P＝0.010).There were no significant differences between other paired zones of the any values.Conclusion DCE-MRI can show the microcirculation in the normal adult femoral head in a non-invasive way.According to DCE-MRI parameters,there are poor perfusions on the transversesuperior and sagittallateral zones of the normal femoral head in adults.
摘要
Ten batches of Angelica sinensis from three producing areas( Tuoxiang,Minxian and Weiyuan of Gansu province) were selected as the research objects,and processed into raw A. sinensis,A. sinensis with alcohol,and A. sinensis with soil respectively through the standard processing methods. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) was used to establish fingerprint for three processed products of A. sinensis,and determine the contents of 9 phenolic acids and phthalide compounds. The similarity was analyzed with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine,which showed that the chromatographic peaks of the same processed samples of A. sinensis were basically similar,with all similarities greater than 0. 950. The difference between different processed products and their control spectra was not obvious,with all similarities also higher than 0. 950.On the basis of using principal component analysis( PCA) and OPLS-DA to seek the difference components between groups,the improved distance coefficient method can be used to effectively distinguish the three processed products of A. sinensis by fingerprint similarity. At the same time,the determination method of nine phenolic acids and phthalide in A. sinensis was established by UPLC,and the comparison between different processed products was carried out. The results showed that the content of various components was changed as compared with the raw A. sinensis. The contents of coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide in the A. sinensis with alcohol were increased significantly,and the content of coniferyl ferulate was obviously increased in A. sinensis with soil. The method established in this paper can effectively distinguish different processed products of A. sinensis and determine the content of the main components in them.
Subject(s)
4-Butyrolactone , Angelica sinensis , Chemistry , Benzofurans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Coumaric Acids , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hydroxybenzoates , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Principal Component Analysis摘要
In order to determine the quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma,15 batches of standard decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma were prepared by using standardized process. Parameters such as traits,p H value,indicative component content,fingerprint similarity,composition transfer rate and dry extract rate were selected as the indexes for quality evaluation. Similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were performed for HPLC fingerprint of standard decoction,and mathematical model was used to study the correlation between dry extract rate,berberine content,berberine transfer rate in standard decoction and berberine content in decoction pieces. The results showed that the similarity of fingerprints was greater than 0. 99 for these 15 batches of standard decoctions of Coptidis Rhizoma. In cluster analysis,the standard decoctions of Coptidis Rhizoma from 4 producing areas were classified into 3 categories,consistent with the content determination results,indicating that there were quality differences among different producing areas.R2 in three linear regression mathematical models established was all greater than 0. 9,with significant difference. The validation of three batches of data showed that the models had good accuracy. Therefore,this model can be used to predict the quality of standard decoction prepared from different Coptidis Rhizoma pieces. In the standard decoction process established in this study,the integrity of the traditional process was greatly preserved,and the established quality evaluation method could be used to comprehensively examine the quality of the standard decoction,which can provide a demonstration for the related research of water extraction preparation containing Coptidis Rhizoma pieces.
Subject(s)
Berberine/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Coptis/chemistry , Coptis chinensis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Linear Models , Quality Control , Rhizome/chemistry摘要
An analysis method was established by UPLC fingerprint and then applied to simultaneous determination of multiple compounds in Gardeniae Fructus from different areas in China. Samples were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7 μm) column with 0. 1% formic acid-water and acetonitrile solution as gradient mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1 at various wavelengths. The similarity of samples was over 0. 95 with ″Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine( 2012 edition) ″. The UPLC common fingerprints for 32 batches were established with 19 common peaks identified. The samples were divided into 3 groups analyzed by HCA and PCA. Five components were identified as the main compositions which caused the differences of chemical constituents in the samples from different areas with partial least squares discriminant analysis( PLS-DA). The content of the total components in each area was Zhejiang > Fujian > Jiangxi > Sichuan. This method was accurate and viable,could be used to evaluate the quality of Gardeniae Fructus.
Subject(s)
China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards , Fruit/chemistry , Gardenia/chemistry , Phytochemicals/analysis摘要
To optimize the technology of Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice,establish fingerprints and simultaneously determine seven compounds( geniposidic acid,chlorogenic acid,genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside,geniposide,rutin,crocin Ⅰ,and crocin Ⅱ) by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC). Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7μm) column was used with acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1. The data was comprehensively processed and analyzed with similarity evaluation,principal component analysis( PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis( PLS-DA) methods. Twenty common peaks were identified in this study,and the similarity of samples was over 0. 97. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were differences in chemical compositions and contents between the raw Gardeniae Fructus and those processed with ginger juice,with 9 potential differentiated chromatographic peaks. After being processed with ginger juice,the contents of chlorogenic acid,crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ were less than before and the contents of other four compositions were higher than before. The optimized preparation for Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice was stable and feasible. The methods of UPLC fingerprints and simultaneous determination of seven components can be effectively carried out to distinguish Gardeniae Fructus and Gardeniae Fructus processed with ginger juice.
Subject(s)
Carotenoids/analysis , Chlorogenic Acid/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Gardenia/chemistry , Zingiber officinale , Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods摘要
Objective To compare the effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies acting on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) on arousal for coma patients after brain stem injury.Methods Ninety-nine patients with coma resulted from brain stem injury,admitted to our hospital from February 1,2015 to April 10,2018,were chosen in our study.Among them,30 patients weren't treated with rTMS (control group),33 patients were treated with 10 Hz rTMS (10 Hz rTMS treatment group),and 36 patients were treated with 20 Hz rTMS (20 Hz rTMS treatment group);treatments lasted for 20 d.All patients received routine coma arousal treatment.Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores,electroencephalogram (EEG) grading,brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) grading and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups before and after treatment.Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in GCS total scores,language response scores,motor response scores,eye opening reaction scores,EEG grading and BAEP grading among the three groups (P＞0.05).The total GCS scores,and scores of language response,motor response and open eye response of patients in the 20 Hz rTMS treatment group and 10 Hz rTMS treatment group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05);the total GCS scores and motor response scores of patients in the 20 Hz rTMS treatment group were significantly higher than those in 10 Hz rTMS treatment group after treatment (P＜0.05).After treatment,patients in the control group,10 Hz rTMS treatment group,and 20 Hz rTMS treatment group showed statistically significant differences in EEG grading and BAEP grading (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the 20 Hz rTMS group (19.4％) was statistically higher than that in the 10 Hz rTMS group (3.0％,P＜0.05).Conclusion High-frequency rTMS has an awakening effect on patients with coma resulted from brain stem injury,and the coma awakening effect of 20 Hz rTMS is partially better than that of 10 Hz rTMS,but it has the risk of increasing side effects such as epilepsy and scalp bum.