摘要
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become the leading cause of death in cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) occurs when myocardial blood circulation is reconstructed after blood supply is limited or lack, often after myocardial infarction, and is the main cause of acute myocardial injury. According to the length of ischemia time, arrhythmia, myocardial inhibition, and myocardial infarction may occur in sequence in MI/R. Mitochondria are the key organelles involved in MI/R injury. Mitochondrial ROS eruption, Ca2+ imbalance, mPTP opening, mitochondrial swelling, and release of pro-apoptotic proteins all lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial function impairment. Exercise is an effective intervention to prevent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its protective effect is closely related to the intensity of exercise, the length of exercise time, the type of exercise and the internal exercise ability. The mitochondrial mechanism of exercise protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is determined by many factors. During reperfusion, the heart after trained is better able to maintain energy homeostasis, maintain ΔΨm and limit mPTP activation, maintain ATP synthesis. Activation of the sarcoKATP and/or mitoKATP channels by exercise induces cellular and/or myocardial hyperpolarization, protecting the mitochondria and myocardium during MI/R. Exercise-trained hearts can regulate calcium homeostasis during MI/R and limit mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Exercise training can improve the activity of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes to clear ROS and regulate mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration during MI/R. Exercise can increase the bioavailability of NO near mitochondria and indirectly achieve exercise-induced myocardial protection through protein S-nitrosylation and the eNOS-NO pathway is related to mitochondrial biogenesis after exercise training. Exercise training can also affect mitochondrial dynamics during MI/R by preventing mitochondrial division and promoting mitochondrial fusion. Exercise training can promote autophagy of damaged mitochondria and reduces apoptosis through mitochondria too, thus helping to maintain the function of mitochondrial bank. Besides these, exercise training leads to the production of motor factors (mainly from the muscles, but also from the brain, red blood cells, and other tissues) that contribute to remote regulation of the heart. This paper reviews the mitochondrial mechanism of MI/R, the protective effect of exercise on MI/R and the role of mitochondria in it, in order to provide more theoretical basis and new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, and provide new targets for drug research and development. In future clinical treatment, it is expected that sports pills targeted mitochondria can treat MI/R injury for bedridden people who cannot exercise or people who do not want to exercise through new technological means such as nanoparticle packaging.
摘要
OBJECTIVE To explore the neural mechanisms underlying the speech perception in individuals with normal hearing under the influence of selective attention.METHODS There were 32 individuals with normal hearing who were recruited.By manipulating the participants'selective attention,two simultaneous speech streams were differentiated into target and interfering speech.Participants were guided to complete an auditory perception electroencephalogram(EEG)experiment.Fourier spectrum analysis was used to calculate the spectrum responses induced by the two types of speech,and the differences in EEG energy values at the levels of character,word,and phrase were compared.RESULTS This study observed significant differences in the EEG responses between target and ignored speech at the word level(2 Hz),while no significant differences were observed at the character level(4 Hz)and phrase level(1 Hz).CONCLUSION In environments with multiple speech streams,selective attention primarily processes and encodes the interested speech at the word level rapidly and effectively.This study preliminarily reveals how the brain represents auditory language and constructs different language hierarchy units under the modulation of selective attention,providing a theoretical model for hearing aid algorithms in hearing-impaired patients.
摘要
BACKGROUND:Mitochondrial reactive oxygen bursts have been shown to play a key role in skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury.3-Nitro-N-methylsalicylamide(3-NNMS)can effectively reduce the electron transport rate and has a potential protective effect on limb ischemia-reperfusion injury,but there is no clear research and clinical application. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of 3-NNMS on the skeletal muscle after limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism. METHODS:Forty healthy 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,0,25 and 125 μg/mL 3-NNMS groups,with 10 rats in each group.Animal models of limb ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared in the latter three groups.3-NNMS was injected into the injury site 30 minutes before reperfusion.The animals were sacrificed 2 hours after reperfusion.Blood from the apical part of the heart,and the tissue of the rectus femoris muscle of the right lower limb were taken for testing.The pathological morphology of the rectus femoris muscle was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Serum levels of creatine kinase found in the skeletal muscle(CK-MM),lactate dehydrogenase,and myeloperoxidase were detected using ELISA;the levels of nuclear factor κB,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,cyclooxygenase 2,malondialdehyde,reactive oxygen species,superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the rectus femoris muscle were measured;and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level,ATPase activity,and mitochondrial respiratory control rate were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the model rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury had increased serum levels of CK-MM,lactate dehydrogenase,and myeloperoxidase,increased levels of nuclear factor κB,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,cyclooxygenase 2,malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in the rectus femoris muscle,decreased levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the rectus femoris muscle,and reduced ATPase activity and mitochondrial respiratory control rate.Moreover,cell morphology was irregular,inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious,and the cells were swollen in rats after ischemia-reperfusion injury.Compared with the 0 μg/mL group,the serum CK-MM and lactate dehydrogenase levels decreased,the levels of nuclear factor κB and cyclooxygenase 2 in the rectus femoris muscle decreased,reactive oxygen species level decreased,and superoxide dismutase activity increased in the 25 μg/mL group;cell morphology was more regular,inflammatory cell infiltration was lighter,and cell swelling was alleviated.Compared with the 0 μg/mL group,the 125 μg/mL group had a reduction in the serum levels of CK-MM,lactate dehydrogenase,and myeloperoxidase and the levels of nuclear factor κB,tumor necrosis factor α,cyclooxygenase 2,malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in the rectus femoris muscle,as well as an increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the rectus femoris muscle,and mitochondrial respiratory control rate.Moreover,the cells were arranged neatly,the outline was clear and complete,and the inflammatory cell infiltration was light.To conclude,3-NNMS can alleviate the functional impairment of the skeletal muscle caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion,and its mechanism of action may be through improving mitochondrial function,reducing reactive oxygen species production,decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory response,and thus reducing tissue damage and repairing skeletal muscle function.
摘要
Objective:To evaluate the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)combined with attention training technique(ATT)on auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia.Methods:Sixty schizophrenia patients with au-ditory hallucinations were recruited according to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases,tenth Edition(ICD-10).They were randomly divided into the CBT group(30 cases,26 cases completed)and the CBT+ATT group(30 cases,25 cases completed).The CBT group received only 4 weeks of cognitive behavioral intervention for auditory hallucinations,and the CBT+ATT group received 6 weeks of attention training technology intervention based on cognitive behavioral intervention.At baseline and after 12 weeks,the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales-Auditory Hallucinations(PSYRATS-AH)and Scale of Social function in Psychosis Inpatients(SSPI)were used to evaluate the auditory hallucinations symptoms and social functioning of the two groups,and the Attentional Control Scale(ACS)was used to evaluate patients'attentional control ability of the CBT+ATT group.Results:After 12 weeks,the differences(post intervention score-baseline score)of PSYRATS-AH total scores[(-6.8±2.2)vs.(-4.2±1.5)],auditory hallucinations'frequency,duration,number of distresses,control of voices were lower in the CBT+ATT group than in the CBT group(Ps＜0.05),and the differences of the SSPI total scores[(13.9± 2.9)vs.(11.6±4.2)]and scores of Factor I and Factor Ⅲ were higher in the CBT+ATT group than in the CBT group(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:This study shows cognitive behavioral therapy combined with attention training technique could improve auditory hallucinations and social function more effectively in patients with schizophrenia.
摘要
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the common infectious diseases in clinic, with a high mortality. With the aging population, continuous variation of pathogens, and increasingly severe antibiotic resistance, the treatment difficulty of CAP continues to increase. This disease belongs to the categories of traditional Chinese medicine diseases such as " wind warm lung heat disease" and " cough". Traditional Chinese medicine treatment can effectively improve symptoms of CAP, control disease progression, shorten hospital stay, and also have certain advantages in prevention. This article mainly provides an overview of the diagnosis, etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, and prevention of CAP, providing reference for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CAP in traditional Chinese medicine.
摘要
Objective:To understand the clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus reinfection and explore the risk factors of novel coronavirus reinfection.Methods:The clinical data of 340 patients with novel coronavirus infection who were admitted to the Fever Clinic of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University from December 2022 to January 2023 were included. The general characteristics, basic diseases, clinical symptoms, and examination results of the first and second infections in the non repeated infection group, the repeated infection group, and the repeated infection group were compared. Binary logistic multivariate analysis was used to explore the risk factors of novel coronavirus reinfection.Results:In this study, 340 patients with novel coronavirus infection were included, 180 of whom were repeatedly infected. There was no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05) in terms of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), exercise, smoking, daily routine, and underlying disease between the recurrent infection group and the non recurrent infection group. However, the vaccination rate of the recurrent infection group was lower than that of the non recurrent infection group [80.0%(144/180) vs 88.0%(142/169), P<0.05]; In the repeated infection group, 157 cases (87.2%) were accompanied by overall discomfort (including headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain), which was significantly higher than 122 cases (76.2%) in the non repeated infection group. The proportion of pneumonia occurring during the first infection was higher than that in the non repeated infection group [15.6%(28/180)], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The interval between the first and second infections in the repeated infection group was (166.2±8.3)days. Cough and phlegm were the main clinical manifestations of two infections; The duration of re infection was shorter than that of the first infection [(7.03±2.30)days vs (8.94±3.02)days, t=6.739, P<0.001]; Secondary infections had less incidence of pneumonia [5.0%(9/180) vs 15.6%(28/180), χ 2=10.874, P=0.001]; 153 patients (85.0%) reported milder secondary infections. The results of binary logistic regression showed that cough, expectoration, body discomfort and pneumonia during the first infection were risk factors for repeated infection of novel coronavirus ( OR=2.710, 2.293, 2.808, P<0.05), and vaccination was a protective factor to avoid repeated infection ( OR=0.470, P=0.019). Conclusions:The symptoms of novel coronavirus reinfection are generally mild and the course of disease is relatively short. For vulnerable people, novel coronavirus vaccine should be actively inoculated to strengthen protection.
摘要
ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen preparation in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia （CAP）. MethodThe PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Collaboration，CNKI，VIP，and Wanfang Medical Network database （CBM） were systematically searched for all the randomized controlled clinical trials （RCTS） of Lianhua Qingwen Preparation in the treatment of CAP from the establishment of the databases to February 2023. The inclusion criteria were established， and the search results were screened. The risk assessment tool （ROB） scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the final included studies， and the R software was used for data integration and meta-analysis. ResultA total of 30 pieces of literature were included，involving 2 800 patients. The combined use of Lianhua Qingwen preparation on the basis of antibiotics and other conventional treatments showed that Lianhua Qingwen preparation could improve the cure rate ［relative risk（RR）=1.32，95% confidence interval（95% CI）［1.23，1.42］，P<0.000 1）］ and shorten the time of fever remission ［Mean difference（MD）=-1.45，95% CI ［-1.93，-0.97］，P<0.000 1］，and the duration of fever reduction was divided into general population and special population subgroups. The results showed that Lianhua Qingwan preparation could shorten the duration of fever reduction （general population MD=-1.51，95%CI ［-2.07，-0.94］，P<0.000 1， special population MD=-1.22，95% CI ［-2.16，-0.29］，P=0.010 6）and does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions（RR=0.85，95%CI ［0.62，1.15］，P<0.000 1）. After nine pieces of virtual literature with negative results were supplemented by the shear compensation method，the cure rate of CAP by Lianhua Qingwan preparation was still improved （RR=1.20，95%CI ［1.13，1.29］，P<0.000 1）. ConclusionThe application of Lianhua Qingwen preparation on the basis of antibiotics in the treatment of CAP can improve the cure rate and shorten the time of fever reduction.
摘要
【Objective】 To evaluate the role of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by using regadenoson stress dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (D-SPECT). 【Methods】 We selected 200 patients with unstable angina admitted to Department of Cardiology, Hebei Medical University First Hospital, from June 31, 2021 to June 31, 2023 for elective PCI. The patients were aged 57.56±8.23 years and were randomly divided into a conventional group (n=100) and a QFR group (n=100) according to a random number table. The trial was conducted using a double-blind method. The conventional group received PCI treatment based on the experience of the physician, while the QFR group received PCI treatment based on the QFR measurement results. All enrolled patients underwent pre-operative and 7-day post-operative D-SPECT stress imaging using regadenoson stress D-SPECT, and their images were acquired from short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis to calculate the total myocardial perfusion score and the total myocardial ischemia segment number under the distribution of 17 myocardial segments. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in the number of myocardial ischemia segments (7.59±3.14 vs. 7.48±3.36, P=0.811) or the total myocardial perfusion score (15.87±7.61 vs. 15.63±5.97, P=0.860) between the two groups before PCI. The number of myocardial ischemia segments (5.58±3.36 vs. 6.51±2.14, P=0.020) and the total myocardial perfusion score (10.55±4.41 vs. 12.96±6.50, P=0.002) in the QFR group were significantly better than those in the conventional group 7 days after PCI (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Applying QFR guidance for PCI can better improve the degree of myocardial ischemia in patients.
摘要
Arsenic, a naturally occurring metal-like chemical element, is one of the 10 chemicals of major public concerns listed by the World Health Organization as harmful to the environment and human health. It can enter the human body through breathing, intaking food, drinking water, skin exposure, and other ways, and long-term exposure to arsenic can cause cancer of multiple organs and impaired function of multiple systems. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic-induced health effects, and research suggested that the carcinogenicity of arsenic may be associated with epigenetic changes. Previous studies focused on the effects of arsenic on DNA methylation modification. In recent years, research showed that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), an intermediate of active demethylation of DNA, can act as a sensitive epigenetic mark and play a crucial role as a "bridge" between arsenic exposure and health effects. Based on the latest research progress on the role of DNA hydroxymethylation in the health effects associated with arsenic exposure, this article briefly described the relationship between the health effects of arsenic exposure and DNA hydroxymethylation, summarized the possible mechanisms of DNA hydroxymethylation in the health effects associated with arsenic exposure, and provided a scientific basis for preventing and treating the health effects associated with arsenic exposure.
摘要
Objective To analyze the echinococcosis surveillance results in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of echinococcosis control measures in the prefecture. Methods Villagers were randomly sampled using a multistage sampling method from class I and II echinococcosis endemic counties in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022 for detection of human echinococcosis, while all patients undergoing ultrasound examinations in medical institutions in class III endemic counties received active echinococcosis screening. In addition, livestock in centralized slaughterhouses or slaughtering sites were screened for echinococcosis using the palpation and necropsy method, and fresh domestic dog feces samples were collected from randomly selected dog owners in each administrative village for detection of Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs. The trends in detection of human and livestock echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed human echinococcosis cases and detection of Echinococcus coproantigen in domestic dogs were analyzed in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022. Results The mean detection rate of human echinococcosis was 0.13% (540/407 803) in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022, which appeared a tendency towards a decline over years (χ2trend = 1 217.21, P < 0.001), and the highest detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was seen in Hejing County (0.28%, 191/67 865). The detection of livestock echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ2trend = 147.02, P < 0.001), with the highest detection rate seen in Hejing County (3.44%, 86/2 500), and the detection of Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ2trend = 302.46, P < 0.001), with the highest detection rate in Qiemo County (2.74%, 118/4 313). Conclusions The detection of human and livestock echinococcosis and dog feces antigens Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022; however, there is still a high echinococcosis transmission risk in local areas. Sustainable integrated echinococcosis control is required in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.
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The long-latency auditory evoked potential can not only reflect the passive sensory processing of sound signals in the brain,but also reflect the active cognitive processing of the brain in different task modes,so it is applied to the assessment of cognitive function.This article reviews the research status of exogenous components(P1,N1,P2)and endogenous components(MMN/N2a,N2b,P3a,P3b)in the long-latency auditory evoked po-tential in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease,and provides some reference for those who carry out relevant research in China.
摘要
Children with autism spectrum disorder usually response abnormally to auditory stimuli.Previous studies of their auditory functions mostly adapted objective electrophysiology tests,including auditory brainstem re-sponse and a series of cortical auditory evoked potentials.Combining the test results of these studies suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder have varying degree of central auditory processing impairment compared to typically developmental children.
摘要
Objective:To compare the differences in the results of 24-hour urine citric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid detection between thymol and concentrated hydrochloric acid preserved urine.Methods:Urine samples were collected from 50 patients with upper urinary tract stones who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2023 to August 2023. There were 38 males and 12 females, with the age of (45.52 ± 13.68) years old. On the second day of admission, patients were required to empty their bladders in the morning and collect urine over a 24-hour period. The urine was evenly divided and stored in two sealed plastic containers. In one container, concentrated hydrochloric acid (15 ml, concentration of 6 mmol/L) was added as a preservative, forming the hydrochloric acid group. In the other container, 2 g of thymol was added as a preservative, forming the thymol group. The concentration of oxalic acid, citric acid, and phosphoric acid in urine were measured, and the measurement results were multiplied by the total amount of urine to obtain the final measurement results. The differences in the measurement results of citric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid between two groups were compared.Results:In the concentrated hydrochloric acid group, the median value of citric acid was 160.87(95.37, 245.61) mg/24h, the median value of oxalic acid was 33.09(26.32, 39.37) mg/24h, and the mean value of phosphoric acid was (731.06 ± 240.62) mg/24h. In the thymol group, the median value of citric acid was 340.40(166.56, 561.77) mg/24h, the median value of oxalic acid was 33.91(26.51, 44.56) mg/24h, and the mean value of phosphoric acid was (759.07 ± 273.23) mg/24h. Compared with the thymol group, the citric acid level in the concentrated hydrochloric acid group was significantly lower ( Z=4.31, P< 0.001), but there was no significant difference in oxalic acid ( Z=0.85, P=0.393) and phosphoric acid ( t=1.65, P=0.106) between the two groups. Conclusions:Compared with thymol, the results of 24 h urine citric acid with concentrated hydrochloric acid as preservative is lower, but there is no significant difference between oxalic acid and phosphoric acid.The use of thymol as a preservative may be more suitable than concentrated hydrochloric acid for the detection of citric acid, oxalic acid and phosphoric acid in 24-hour urine metabolism analysis.
摘要
Background Long-term exposure to noise during sleep may has adverse effects on metabolic system, and liver lipid metabolism is closely related to circadian clock genes. Objective To investigate the effects of long-term noise exposure during sleep on liver circadian clock and lipid metabolism in mice and its related mechanism. Methods Twenty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into two groups: a noise exposure group and a control group with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the noise exposure group were exposed to white noise at 90 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 30 consecutive days, 8 h a day, from 9:00 to 17:00. The mice in the control group were exposed to background noise ≤40 dB SPL. After noise exposure, the animals were neutralized at 14:00 (ZT6) and 2:00 (ZT18), 5 animals at each time spot, and the liver tissues were collected. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver were determined by cholesterol oxidase method and glycerol phosphate oxidase method respectively. The expressions of circadian clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erbβ) and lipid metabolism genes (Srebp1c, Hmgcr, Fasn, Lxrα, Acc1, and Chrebp) in liver were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the content of total cholesterol in liver in the noise exposure group increased by 48% (P<0.05) and the content of liver triglyceride increased by 61% (P<0.05) at ZT18. The mRNA expression levels of circadian clock genes Clock and Bmal1 in the noise exposure group was significantly increased at ZT18 and decreased at ZT6 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of Rev-erbα decreased at both ZT6 and ZT18 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of Rev-erbβ had no significant change at ZT6 and ZT18. The mRNA expression levels of liver lipid metabolism related genes Srebp1c, Hmgcr, Chrebp, and Lxrα in the noise exposure group were higher than those in the control group at ZT18 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Acc1 and Fasn showed no significant change at ZT6, then an upward trend at ZT18, but no significant difference between the two time spots (P>0.05). Conclusion Long-term noise exposure during sleep can cause circadian clock and lipid metabolism disorders in mice. Among them, suppression of key circadian clock genes may be associated with Rev-erbα-mediated upregulation of the nuclear receptors Srebp1c and Chrebp for lipid synthesis and deposition in the liver, resulting in lipid metabolism disorder.
摘要
Objective:To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine threonine protein kinase (Akt)/mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) signaling pathway in edaravone-induced reduction of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.Methods:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 20 months, weighing 600-700 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), operation group (group O), edaravone group (group E) and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group LY). The rats received laparotomy under 3% sevoflurane anesthesia in O, E and LY groups. Edaravone 3 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before operation in E and LY groups, and LY294002 0.3 mg/kg was simultaneously injected via the tail vein in group LY. Open field test was performed at 3 days after surgery to evaluate the spontaneous activity of rats, then Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of rats. The rats were sacrificed after the end of behavioral experiment to isolate hippocampal tissues for determination of the expression of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95) (by Western blot ) and dendrite length in hippocampal CA1 area (using Golgi staining). The density of dendrites was calculated. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in exercise speed, distance, and time of staying at the center between the four groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, SYP and PSD-95 was down-regulated, the dendritic length of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was shortened, and the density of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was decreased in group O ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, SYP and PSD-95 was up-regulated, the dendritic length of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was prolonged, and the density of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was increased in group E ( P<0.05). Compared with group E, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, SYP and PSD-95 was down-regulated, and the dendritic length of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was shortened, and the density of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was decreased in group LY ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which edaravone reduces postoperative cognitive dysfunction is related to activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and improving synaptic plasticity in aged rats.
摘要
Objective:To evaluate the effect of edaravone on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in the hippocampus of aged rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Methods:Sixty SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 20 months, weighing 650-700 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), POCD group (group P), edaravone group (group E) and ERK inhibitor group (group I). The rats received laparotomy under 3% sevoflurane anesthesia to prepare POCD model in P, E and I groups. Edaravone 3 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min before operation in E and I groups, ERK inhibitor PD98059 0.3 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein in group I. The open field test was performed at 3 days after operation to evaluate the spontaneous activity of rats, then Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of rats on 3-7 days after operation. The rats were sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze test, and hippocampal tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) (by Western blot) and dendrite length and density of dendrites in hippocampal CA1 area (using Golgi staining). Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged after operation, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of p-ERK, p-CREB, synaptophysin and PSD-95 was down-regulated, and the dendritic length and density of hippocampal neurons were reduced in group P ( P<0.05). Compared with group P, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the expression of p-ERK, p-CREB, synaptophysin and PSD-95 was up-regulated, and the dendritic length and density of hippocampal neurons were increased in group E ( P<0.05). Compared with group E, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of p-ERK, p-CREB, synaptophysin and PSD-95 was down-regulated, the dendritic length of hippocampal neurons was shortened, and the density of hippocampal neurons was decreased in group I( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which edaravone improves POCD may be related to activating ERK/CREB signaling pathway and changing synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 region in aged rats.
摘要
Objective:To survey the awareness status and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children.Methods:Data was collected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0-18 Year Children in China. A total of 2 625 children aged 3-5 years and their parents living in northern and southern regions of China were randomly selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The physical measurements were performed for the children, including height and weight; and the body mass index (BMI) and age-for-BMI Z-score (BAZ) were calculated. The questionnaire survey was conducted for the parents, including the demographic characteristics of parents and their children, the perception of their child′s nutritional status (overweight/obesity, normal, wasting) etc. According to WHO standards, the nutritional status of the children was classified as wasting, normal and overweight/obesity. The awareness of parents on their children′s nutritional status was classified as underestimated, correct, overestimated and unclear. Parents′ inability to correctly judge children′s nutritional status was defined as cognitive bias, including underestimation bias and overestimation bias. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of parents′ underestimation or overestimation of children′s nutritional status.Results:Among 2 625 enrolled preschool children, there were 1 312 boys (50.0%) and 1 313 girls (50.0%); and 648 (24.7%), 944 (36.0%) and 1 033 (39.3%) children aged 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively. One parent (mother, farther or others) of each child was selected for survey, and most of them were mothers (1 998(76.1%)). The prevalence rate of overweight/obesity and wasting was 10.3% (270/2 625) and 1.4% (38/2 625), respectively; and 2 317 children (88.3%) were normal. Among all parents surveyed, 1 766 (67.3%) were correct about their children′s nutritional status (correct group), 612 (23.3%) underestimated their children′s nutritional status (underestimated group), 213 (8.1%) overestimated their children′s nutritional status (overestimated group) and 34 (1.3%) were not aware of their children′s nutritional status (unclear group). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that girls ( OR=0.817, 95% CI: 0.678-0.984), living in rural areas ( OR=0.801, 95% CI: 0.662-0.969), large birth weight of child ( OR=0.639, 95% CI: 0.420-0.970) were protective factors for parents underestimating children′s nutritional status. Living in the northern region ( OR=1.698, 95% CI: 1.260-2.290), large birth weight of children ( OR=1.826, 95% CI: 1.149-2.902), father with overweight/obesity ( OR=1.467, 95% CI: 1.089-1.977) and maternal overweight/obesity ( OR=1.778, 95% CI: 1.308-2.417) were the risk factors for parents to overestimate the nutritional status of children. Conclusions:The survey shows that parents of preschool children have a relatively high cognitive bias on the nutritional status of their children. Parents of girls, living in rural areas or having child with large birth weight are less likely to underestimate the nutritional status of children; parents living in northern regions, having a child with large birth weight, or with overweight/obese are likely to overestimate the nutritional status of children.
摘要
Objective:To provide data reference for using Chinese rhesus macaques as research model by studying the immunophenotype and function of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Chinese rhesus macaques.Methods:By optimizing antibody clones and fluorescent colors, the lymphocyte subset assay and T cell function assay panels were determined. Then the panels were used to analyze the proportion of T, B, NK and other cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 15 healthy Chinese rhesus monkeys, and the ability of T cells to secrete cytokines after non-specific stimulation.Results:Two multi-color flow cytometry analytic panels were established. Panel 1 could simultaneously detect a variety of lymphocyte subsets, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells and NK cells. Panel 2 could detect the functions of multiple T cell subsets and the expression of immune checkpoint moleculars. The mean percentages of T, B, NK, Tfh, Treg, CD16 + NK and CD56 + NK cells in PBMCs of the Chinese rhesus macaques were (75.32±7.73)%, (13.22±7.50)%, (0.88±0.48)%, (0.73±0.27)%, (0.75±0.43)%, (47.87±22.35)% and (10.69±12.41)%. After non-specific stimulation, the proportion of CD4 + T cells secreting IL-2 and TNF-α was higher than that of CD8 + T cells, and the proportion of CD8 + T cells secreting CD107a and IFN-γ was higher than that of CD4 + T cells, while the proportion of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells secreting IL-17A was low. Conclusions:This study established a multi-color flow detection scheme that could simultaneously detect multiple cellular surface molecules and cytokines at the single cell level and could accurately and comprehensively analyze the immune cell subsets, functions and the immune checkpoint molecules in peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques, providing a new experimental method and basic data for the development of vaccines and drugs against infectious diseases.
摘要
@#Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of the compound Bugansan Decoction (补肝散, BGSD) in intervening learning and memory in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging rats. @*Methods@#A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, model, BGSD [14.06 g/(kg·d)], and piracetam [0.4 g/(kg·d)] groups, with 10 rats in each group. D-gal [400 mg/(kg·d)] was injected intraperitoneally to establish the aging rat model. The rats' body weight, water intake, food intake, and gripping strength were recorded each week. The eightarm maze and step-down test were used to measure the rats' capacity for learning and memory. Liver, thymus, spleen, and brain tissues were weighed to calculate the corresponding organ indices; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of the hippocampus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus. Western blot (WB) was employed to detect the expression levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), RAGE, and NF-κB protein in the hippocampus. @*Results@#In D-gal-induced aging rats, BGSD significantly increased food intake, water intake, body weight, gripping strength, and organ indices (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), and total memory errors (TE) in an eight-arm maze (P < 0.05). In the step-down test, step-down latency was prolonged and the frequency of errors dropped (P < 0.05). Additionally, BGSD could lessen the harm done to hippocampus neurons, increase serum SOD activity, lower MDA levels, and down-regulate the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P < 0.05). Further findings showed that BGSD significantly decreased hippocampal AGEs, RAGE, and NF-κB expression (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#By blocking the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway, BGSD may regulate the neuroinflammatory damage in D-gal-induced aging rats, and thus improve learning and memory.
摘要
At present, countries around the world are paying greater attention to the protection of medicinal plants and traditional medicinal knowledge resources, and are looking for various ways to protect medicinal plants. Many countries have established their own databases to save the medicinal plant information resources. This paper focuses on the introduction of medicinal plant databases in six countries including Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore, and compares their basic information. It is difficult to achieve integration and sharing among these databases. It brings certain difficulties to the use of researchers in related fields. It is suggested that the construction of a multinational common medicinal plant database should be included in the "Belt and Road Initiative" to systematically organize massive information, enhance exchanges between countries on traditional medicinal plants, and achieve medicinal plant information sharing, and the establishment of a shared database will reduce optimization and maintenance to a certain extent or renewal work, laying the foundation for the protection, development and sustainable use of traditional medicinal plant resources.