摘要
Objective:Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy with a high rate of irreversible visual loss,and its pathogenesis is complex and still unclear.Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)is well recognized as the sole modifiable risk factor for the development of glaucoma in the majority of cases.This study aims to compare 2 different methods of inducing chronic ocular hypertension by circumlimbal suture or by laser burns in degree and lasting time of the IOP,different status of the retina and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),and changes of the microstructure of neurons. Methods:The chronic ocular hypertension models were induced by 2 different ways.One kind of the models was built by unilateral circumlimbal suture(10/0)implantation(suture group),another kind of model was built by laser burns at trabecular meshwork and episcleral veins(laser group).The untreated contralateral eye served as the control group.Changes in IOP were observed and regularly monitored in the 2 groups of rats.HE staining was applied to observe the retinal and optic nerve pathology.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)was used to observe the mitochondrial morphology.RGCs were specifically labeled with Brn3b antibody and counted.The expression of caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting to clarify the apoptosis of RGCs. Results:Compared with the control group,IOP were significantly increased in the suture group and the laser group(both P<0.05).The suture group induced a 1.5-fold elevation of IOP,and sustained for 8 weeks.The laser group induced a 2-fold elevation of IOP for 12 weeks.Both methods could cause RGCs loss(both P<0.05),which were verified by pathology and immune staining of Brn3b.The expressions of caspase-3 were also increased(both P<0.05).The mitochondrial morphology became more fragment,which changed from long shape to round and small one under TEM in 2 models.For comparison,the pathology changes of retinal structure in suture group were not obviously than those in the laser group. Conclusion:Circumlimbal suture can build an effective model of chronic elevated IOP and induce glaucomatous pathologic changes similar to those in the laser photocoagulation,but the pathologic changes are milder than those in laser photocoagulation.Compare with translimbal laser photocoagulation,equipment and skill demand for circumlimbal suture is less.
摘要
Abstract@#Depression is a major public health issue among adolescents. The Ministry of Education of China recently proposed to integrate depression screening into students school health check among adolescents. However, there are inconsistencies regarding the strength of recommendation and implementation details of routine screening for adolescent depression across professional organizations and countries. This paper outlines the epidemiology and risk factors of adolescent depression and summarizes relevant international guidelines and recommendations. We suggest that before the national implementation of school based depression screening, key issues including scientific evidence, execution details, resource allocation and ethical considerations need to be examined in close collaboration with all stakeholders. Systematic piloting followed by rigorous evaluation will also be needed.
摘要
DNA methylation is a common process of epigenetics,and also is the third mechanism of tumor related gene inactivation.It plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer.Studies show that methylation of p16,FHIT,IGSF and DAPK1 have relationship with cervical cancer,thus they may be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.Meanwhile,advanced study of cervical cancer related gene methylation provides a new target point for treatment.