摘要
Abstract Background Dental anesthetic management in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients with cardiac channelopathies (CCh) can be challenging due to the potential risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies during procedural time. Objectives The present study assessed the hypothesis that the use of local dental anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or without a vasoconstrictor can be safe in selected ICD and CCh patients, not resulting in life-threatening events (LTE). Methods Restorative dental treatment under local dental anesthesia was made in two sessions, with a wash-out period of 7 days (cross-over trial), conducting with a 28h - Holter monitoring, and 12-lead electrocardiography, digital sphygmomanometry, and anxiety scale assessments in 3 time periods. Statistical analysis carried out the paired Student's t test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In all cases, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All patients were in stable condition with no recent events before dental care. Results Twenty-four consecutive procedures were performed in 12 patients (9 women, 3 men) with CCh and ICD: 7 (58.3%) had long QT syndrome (LQTS), 4 (33.3%) Brugada syndrome (BrS), and 1 (8.3%) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Holter analysis showed no increased heart rate (HR) or sustained arrhythmias. Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiographic changes and anxiety measurement showed no statistically significant differences. No LTE occurred during dental treatment, regardless of the type of anesthesia. Conclusion Lidocaine administration, with or without epinephrine, can be safely used in selected CCh-ICD patients without LTE. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a larger population with ICD and CCh.
摘要
Resumo Fundamento No tratamento da fibrilação atrial (FA), a arritmia sustentada mais frequente, com ablação por cateter (ABL) ou cardioversão elétrica (CVE), o período periprocedimento é uma das fases mais críticas. Atualmente, o uso de novos anticoagulantes orais de ação direta (DOAC) é cada vez mais frequente, no entanto, no mundo real, ainda existem poucos dados de estudos sobre a incidência de trombo no átrio esquerdo (TrAE) ou contraste espontâneo denso (CE) no ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE). Objetivo Analisar a prevalência de TrAE, por ETE, em pacientes em uso de DOAC submetidos à CVE/ABL. Secundariamente: avaliar a associação de comorbidades com a presença de trombos e CE. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, unicêntrico, com pacientes do Ambulatório de Arritmia (InCor-HCFMUSP). Foram selecionados e analisados dados clínicos e ecocardiográficos no prontuário da instituição de pacientes com indicação de procedimentos e em uso de DOACs. Considerado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 354 pacientes, no total de 400 procedimentos, de março de 2012-março de 2018. TrAE foi encontrado em 11 pacientes (2,8%), associado com idade avançada (p=0,007) e CHA2DS2-VASc maior (p<0,001). Foi encontrado CE no AE no procedimento antes da ETE em 29 pacientes (7,3%), com menor FEVE (p <0,038) e maior dimensão do AE (p <0,0001). Conclusão A incidência de TrAE e CE em pacientes em uso de DOAC no contexto de CVE/ABL de FA, embora pequena, não é desprezível. Pacientes com escore CHA2DS2-VASc maior, principalmente mais idosos e com diâmetro do AE maior, são mais propensos a esses achados ecocardiográficos.
Abstract Background In the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequently sustained arrhythmia, with catheter ablation (CA) or electrical cardioversion (ECV), the periprocedural period is one of the most critical phases. Currently, the use of new direct action oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is increasingly frequent; however, in the real world, there are still few data on studies on the thrombus incidence in the left atrium (TrLA) or dense spontaneous contrast (DSC) on transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Objective To evaluate the prevalence of events and association with risk factors in patients using DOACs. Primary objective: to analyze the prevalence of thrombus in the LA by TEE in patients using DOAC undergoing ECV/CA. Second, evaluate the association of comorbidities with the presence of thrombi and DSC. Methods Retrospective cohort, single-center study with patients followed at the Arrhythmia Outpatient Unit (InCor-HCFMUSP). Patients indicated for procedures and using DOACs were selected, and their clinical/echocardiographic data were analyzed. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results 354 patients were included, a total of 400 procedures, from March 2012-March 2018. Thrombus in the LA was found in 11 patients (2.8%), associated with advanced age (p=0.007) and higher CHA2DS2-VASc (p<0.001) score. DSC in the LA before TEE was found in 29 patients (7.3%), with lower LVEF (p<0.038) and greater LA dimension (p<0.0001). Conclusion The incidence of LA thrombus and DSC in patients using DOC in the context of AF ECV/CA, although small, is not negligible. Patients with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores, especially older and with larger LA diameter, are more prone to these echocardiographic findings.
摘要
Resumo Desde dezembro de 2019, observamos o rápido avanço da síndrome respiratória aguda grave causada pelo coronavírus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). O impacto da evolução clínica de uma infecção respiratória é pouco conhecido em pacientes portadores de arritmias hereditárias, devido à baixa prevalência dessas doenças. Os pacientes que apresentam quadros infecciosos podem exacerbar arritmias primárias ocultas ou bem controladas, por diversos fatores, tais como febre, distúrbios eletrolíticos, interações medicamentosas, estresse adrenérgico e, eventualmente, o próprio dano miocárdico do paciente séptico. O objetivo desta revisão é destacar os principais desafios que podemos encontrar durante a pandemia pela Covid 19, especificamente nos pacientes com arritmias hereditárias, com destaque para a síndrome do QT longo congênito (SQTL), a síndrome de Brugada (SBr), a taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica (TVPC) e a cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito.
Abstract Since December 2019 we have observed the rapid advance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The impact of the clinical course of a respiratory infection is little known in patients with hereditary arrhythmias, due to the low prevalence of these diseases. Patients who present with infectious conditions may exacerbate hidden or well-controlled primary arrhythmias, due to several factors, such as fever, electrolyte disturbances, drug interactions, adrenergic stress and, eventually, the septic patient's own myocardial damage. The aim of this review is to highlight the main challenges we may encounter during the Covid 19 pandemic, specifically in patients with hereditary arrhythmias, with emphasis on the congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (SBr), ventricular tachycardia polymorphic catecholaminergic (CPVT) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brugada Syndrome , COVID-19 , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial InfarctionSubject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation , Atrial Appendage , Cardiomyopathies , Heart Atria摘要
Abstract Background: Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) is a frequent finding in the evaluation of syncope. However, its significance in the clinical setting is still dubious. A new criterion was proposed by Solari et al. with a symptomatic systolic blood pressure (SBP) cut-off value of ≤ 85 mmHg to refine the vasodepressor (VD) response diagnosis. Objective: To determine and compare the response to carotid sinus massage (CSM) in patients with and without syncope according to standard and proposed criteria. Methods: CSM was performed in 99 patients with and 66 patients without syncope. CSH was defined as cardioinhibitory (CI) for asystole ≥ 3 seconds, or as VD for SBP decrease ≥ 50 mmHg. Results: No differences in the hemodynamic responses were observed during CSM between the groups, with 24.2% and 25.8% CI, and 8.1% and 13.6% VD in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, respectively (p = 0.466). A p value < 0.050 was considered statistically significant. During the maneuvers, 45 (45.45%) and 34 (51.5%) patients in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups achieved SBP below ≤ 85 mmHg. Symptoms were reported especially in those patients in whom CSM caused a SBP decrease to below 90 mmHg and/or asystole > 2.5 seconds, regardless of the pattern of response or the presence of previous syncope. Conclusion: The response to CSM in patients with and without syncope was similar; therefore, CSH may be an unspecific condition. Clinical correlation and other methods of evaluation, such as long-lasting ECG monitoring, may be necessary to confirm CSH as the cause of syncope.
Resumo Fundamento: A hipersensibilidade do seio carotídeo (HSC) é um achado frequente na avaliação da síncope. Entretanto, o valor da resposta positiva é ainda incerto no contexto clínico. Novo critério diagnóstico para tentar refinar a resposta vasodepressora (VD) foi proposto por Solari et al. com determinação da queda sintomática da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) a níveis ≤ 85 mmHg como ponto de corte. Objetivo: Determinar e comparar a resposta à massagem do seio carotídeo (MSC) em pacientes com e sem síncope de acordo com os critérios vigentes e propostos. Métodos: A MSC foi realizada em 99 pacientes com síncope e 66 pacientes sem síncope. A HSC foi definida como cardioinibitória (CI), se assistolia ≥ 3 segundos, ou VD, se queda da PAS ≥ 50 mmHg. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças na resposta hemodinâmica entre os grupos durante a MSC, com 24,2% e 25,8% de resposta CI, e 8,1% e 13,6% de resposta VD nos grupos sintomático e assintomático, respectivamente (p = 0,466). Considerou-se p < 0,05 estatisticamente significativo. Durante as manobras, 45 (45,45%) e 34 (51,5%) pacientes nos grupos sintomático e assintomático atingiram PAS ≤ 85 mmHg. Sintomas foram relatados principalmente por pacientes em que a MSC reduziu a PAS para menos de 90 mmHg e/ou causou assistolia > 2,5 segundos, independentemente do padrão da resposta ou história de síncope prévia. Conclusão: As respostas à MSC em pacientes com e sem síncope foram semelhantes. Portanto, a HSC pode ser uma condição inespecífica. A correlação clínica mais precisa e outros métodos para avaliação, como monitoramento por ECG de longa duração, podem ser necessários para confirmação da HSC como causa da síncope.
Subject(s)
Humans , Syncope/diagnosis , Carotid Sinus/physiopathology , Syncope/physiopathology摘要
tratamento da FA, os pacientes podem ser submetidos a atendimentos eletivos ou de emergência para a reversão do ritmo, incluindo a cardioversão química ou elétrica, bem como o tratamento intervencionista de ablação por cateter, visando a melhora dos sintomas e da qualidade de vida. Em todas as modalidades do tratamento, a terapia anticoagulante oral (ACO) é um dos pilares do tratamento da FA, indispensável para a prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos. A incorporação dos chamados "anticoagulantes de ação direta" (DOAC) no arsenal do tratamento representou um novo paradigma, com estudos randomizados controlados e as evidências de mundo real demonstrando resultados de eficácia e segurança comparáveis com relação à varfarina, com a vantagem de menor interação medicamentosa e alimentar e menor risco de hemorragias catastróficas. O uso de DOAC para o manejo de pacientes que serão submetidos ao procedimento de ablação por cateter para o tratamento intervencionista da FA ou cardioversão elétrica/química é hoje uma realidade cada vez mais presente e tem respaldo dos estudos randomizados controlados e das experiências em vários centros hospitalares mundiais, com esquema e programação mais simples e melhor comodidade no manejo da anticoagulação
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. During the course of AF, patients may be submitted to elective or emergency approaches for rhythm reversal, including pharmacological or electrical cardioversion, as well interventional treatment with catheter ablation, to improve the symptoms and quality of life. In all treatment modalities, it is important to emphasize that oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) is one of the pillars of AF treatment, and is indispensable for preventing thromboembolic events. The incorporation of so-called "direct oral anticoagulants" (DOACs) into the arsenal of treatment represented a new paradigm, with randomized controlled trials and real-world clinical evidence demonstrating comparable efficacy and safety to warfarin, with the advantage of less drug and food interaction and less risk of catastrophic bleeding. The use of DOACs for the management of patients undergoing catheter ablation for interventional AF treatment or electrical/pharmacological cardioversion is increasingly used and supported by randomized controlled trials and experiences in several worldwide hospital centers, with a simpler regimen and programming and easier management of anticoagulation
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Electric Countershock/methods , Catheter Ablation/methods , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/therapy , Heparin/administration & dosage , Heparin/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Female , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Syncope/complications , Syncope/diagnosis , Syncope/etiology , Hypotension/diagnosis , Hypotension/etiology , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Echocardiography , Exercise Test , Risk Factors摘要
As taquicardias ventriculares são as arritmias cardíacas com maior potencial de instabilidade clínica e mortalidade cardíaca. Embora possam ocorrer no contexto de pacientes sem cardiopatia estrutural demonstrável, quase sempre ocorrem em coração estruturalmente alterado, com substrato anatômico para reentradas. As alterações cardíacas podem ser isquêmicas e não isquêmica. A distinção entre as etiologias é importante por terem diferentes mecanismos e origens de taquicardia ventricular, que irá determinar a escolha do tratamento adequado das arritmias ventriculares e prevenção de morte súbita. Os principais objetivos no manejo destes pacientes são: a reversão imediata da taquicardia, a prevençãode recorrências e a redução da mortalidade cardiovascular. Atualmente os fármacos com eficácia e perfil de segurança mais utilizados para tratamento de taquicardia ventricular em pacientes com cardiopatia estrutural são os betabloqueadores, amiodarona e sotalol. Com exceção dos betabloqueadores, os antiarrítmicos não possuem a eficácia em manejo primário ou na prevenção de morte súbita demonstrada em estudos clínicos randomizados atuais de forma consistente. Em portadores de cardiodesfibrilador implantável, os antiarrítmicos podem atuar na supressão das taquicardias ventriculares não sustentadas e sustentadas, na lentificação das taquicardias ventriculares com intuito de facilitar a reversão por antitachycardia pacing e prevenir sincopes, além de controlas as taquicardias supraventriculares. Devido aos efeitos colaterais e potencial efeito pró-arrítmico, devem ser utilizados com precaução e com controle adequado...
Ventricular tachycardia is the cardiac arrhythmia with the most potential to result in clinical instability and cardiac mortality. Although it can occur in patients without structural heart disease, it tends to occur where there is underlying heart disease, with anatomical substrate for reentry. It can be subdivided into ischemic and non-ischemic. This is an important distinction, because the mechanisms and origins of ventricular tachycardia may differ between the two, which will determine the choice of treatment for the ventricular arrhythmia and help prevent sudden death. The objective in clinical management of these patients includes: immediate reversal of tachycardia, prevention of relapses, and reducing cardiovascular mortality. The beta-blockers amiodarone and sotalol are currently the most commonly used antiarrhythmic agents, with the best efficacy and safety profile for treating ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. With the exception of beta-blockers, currently available antiarrhythmic drugs have not been shown, in randomized clinical trials, to be effective in the primary management of patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias or in the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Inpatients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the potential beneficial effects of antiarrhythmic drugs may be the suppression of non-sustained and sustained ventricular tachycardias, slowing of ventricular tachycardia rate to facilitate pace termination or prevent syncope, and control of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Due to potential adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs and the risk of proarrhythmia, close monitoring of the patient is recommended...
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Myocardial Ischemia , Patients , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Amiodarone/administration & dosage , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/therapy , Drug Therapy/methods , Sotalol/adverse effects , Sotalol/therapeutic use , Heart Ventricles摘要
Background: Ventricular and supraventricular premature complexes (PC) are frequent and usually symptomatic. According to a previous study, magnesium pidolate (MgP) administration to symptomatic patients can improve the PC density and symptoms. Objective: To assess the late follow-up of that clinical intervention in patients treated with MgP or placebo. Methods: In the first phase of the study, 90 symptomatic and consecutive patients with PC were randomized (double-blind) to receive either MgP or placebo for 30 days. Monthly follow-up visits were conducted for 15 months to assess symptoms and control electrolytes. 24-hour Holter was performed twice, regardless of symptoms, or whenever symptoms were present. In the second phase of the study, relapsing patients, who had received MgP or placebo (crossing-over) in the first phase, were treated with MgP according to the same protocol. Results: Of the 45 patients initially treated with MgP, 17 (37.8%) relapsed during the 15-month follow-up, and the relapse time varied. Relapsing patients treated again had a statistically significant reduction in the PC density of 138.25/hour (p < 0.001). The crossing-over patients reduced it by 247/hour (p < 0.001). Patients who did not relapse, had a low PC frequency (3 PC/hour). Retreated patients had a 76.5% improvement in symptom, and crossing-over patients, 71.4%. Conclusion: Some patients on MgP had relapse of symptoms and PC, indicating that MgP is neither a definitive nor a curative treatment for late follow-up. However, improvement in the PC frequency and symptoms was observed in the second phase of treatment, similar to the response in the first phase of treatment. .
Fundamento: Extrassístoles (ES) ventriculares e supraventriculares são frequentes e muitas vezes sintomáticas. Segundo estudo prévio, a administração de pidolato de magnésio (PMg) a pacientes sintomáticos pode resultar na melhora da densidade das ES e dos sintomas relacionados. Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados dessa intervenção clínica inicial no seguimento tardio de pacientes recebendo PMg ou placebo. Métodos: Noventa pacientes com ES, sintomáticos e consecutivos foram randomizados (duplo-cego) para receber PMg ou placebo por 30 dias. Visitas mensais de seguimento (15 meses) foram realizadas para avaliar a sintomatologia e controlar eletrólitos. O Holter de 24 horas foi realizado sempre que sintomáticos, ou duas vezes, independentemente dos sintomas. Na segunda fase do estudo, os pacientes cujos sintomas recidivassem, seja do grupo PMg ou placebo (crossing over), receberam PMg seguindo-se o mesmo protocolo. Resultados: Dos 45 pacientes que receberam inicialmente o PMg, 17 (37,8%) apresentaram recidiva dos sintomas em tempo variável nos 15 meses. Os pacientes com recidiva e tratados uma segunda vez apresentaram redução estatisticamente significante na densidade de ES de 138,25/hora (p < 0,001). Os pacientes de crossing reduziram em 247/hora (p < 0,001). Nos pacientes que não apresentaram recidiva, a frequência de ES foi baixa (3 ES/hora). A melhora dos sintomas foi de 76,5% nos retratados e de 71,4% nos de crossing. Conclusão: Houve recorrência de sintomas e das ES em alguns pacientes que usaram PMg, deixando claro não ser essa uma forma de tratamento definitivo ou curativo no seguimento tardio. Contudo, houve também melhora na frequência de ES e de sintomas em uma segunda etapa de tratamento, semelhante à resposta na primeira etapa. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/administration & dosage , Ventricular Premature Complexes/drug therapy , Analysis of Variance , Double-Blind Method , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Placebo Effect , Recurrence , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome摘要
INTRODUÇÃO: A Hipersensibilidade do seio carotídeo (HSC) é a exacerbação do reflexo normal e foi definida como ocorrência de pausa ventricular 3 segundos ou redução da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) 50 mmHg em resposta à massagem do seio carotídeo (MSC). Fenômeno relacionado à idade, raramente diagnosticado em pacientes com menos de 50 anos, tem recebido especial atenção como causa de síncope e quedas inexplicadas nos idosos, nas últimas décadas, com relatos de taxas de prevalências superiores a 45%. Entretanto, ainda não estão claras as implicações diagnósticas da HSC na síncope, com resultados controversos na literatura. OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência da HSC em pacientes com sintomas de síncope e pré-síncope e comparar com indivíduos assintomáticos. Correlacionar a resposta à MSC com a rigidez aórtica e os parâmetros anatômicos e funcionais carotídeos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados em estudo prospectivo 99 pcts sintomáticos, com síncope ou pré-síncope a esclarecer (idade média de 69 anos, 41,4% homens), e 66 pcts assintomáticos para controle (idade média de 73 anos, 34,8% homens). Excluíram-se pacientes com cardiopatia estrutural ou com contraindicações para MSC. A MSC foi realizada no ponto com maior impulsão carotídea por 5 segundos, com o registro contínuo e não invasivo da pressão arterial (PA) e eletrocardiograma, com o paciente em postura ortostática a 70º. Foram consideradas respostas anormais: cardioinibitória (CI): assistolia 3 segundos e vasodepressora (VD): redução da PAS 50 mmHg. O índice da rigidez arterial foi obtido por meio de medida da velocidade de onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral (VOP). As características anatômicas e funcionais da carótida foram determinadas por medidas de diâmetro, espessura íntima-média carotídea (EIMC) e índice de distensibilidade. RESULTADOS: Não foram constatadas diferenças nas respostas obtidas na MSC entre os grupos, com 67,7% e 60,6% de respostas fisiológicas; 24,2% e 25,8% de respostas CI; 8,1% e 13,6% de...
The carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) is the exaggeration of the normal reflex and was defined by occurrence of asystole 3 seconds or fall in systolic BP 50 mmHg in response to carotid sinus massage (CSM). Phenomenon related to age, rarely diagnosed in patients younger than 50 years, has gained importance as a cause of syncope and unexplained falls in the elderly in recent decades with reported prevalence rates above 45%. However, the correlation between CSH and syncope etiology is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of CSH in patients with syncope and near syncope of unknown origin and compare with asymptomatic individuals; to evaluate the correlation between CSM responses and arterial stiffness. METHODS: We studied prospectively 99 symptomatic pts with syncope or near syncope (mean age 69 years, 41.4% men) and 66 asymptomatic controls (mean age 73 years, 34.8% men). Patients with significant structural heart disease or with contraindications to CSM were excluded. The CSM was performed at the point with maximal carotid pulsation, for 5 seconds with continuous and noninvasive blood pressure and electrocardiogram recording at 70° in upright posture. Were considered abnormal responses: cardioinhibitory (CI): asystole 3 seconds and vasodepressor (VD): decrease in systolic BP 50 mmHg. The aortic stiffness was determined by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). The anatomical and functional characteristics of the carotid were determined by measurements of diameter, intima-media thickness (IMT) and distensibility index. RESULTS: There were no differences in the responses obtained in the CSM between the groups, being 67.7 % and 60.6% physiological responses, 24.2% and 25.8% CI responses and 8.1% and 13.6% VD responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, respectively (p=0.466). There were no correlations between response to the CSM with VOP, IMT, carotid diameter and distensibility. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CSH in patients with...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prevalence , Syncope摘要
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influences of circadian variations on tilt-table testing (TTT) results by comparing the positivity rate of the test performed during the morning with that of the test performed in the afternoon and to evaluate the reproducibility of the results in different periods of the day. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients with recurrent unexplained syncope or near-syncope referred for TTT were randomized into 2 groups. In group I, 68 patients, TTT was performed first in the afternoon and then in the morning. In group II, 55 patients, the test was performed first in the morning and then in the afternoon. RESULTS: The TTT protocol was the prolonged passive test, without drug sensitization. Twenty-nine (23.5 percent) patients had a positive result in at least one of the periods. The positivity rate for each period was similar: 20 (16.2 percent) patients in the afternoon and 19 (15.4 percent) in the morning (p=1.000). Total reproducibility (positive/positive and negative/negative) was observed in 49 (89 percent) patients in group I and in 55 (81 percent) in group II. Reproducibility of the results was obtained in 94 (90.4 percent) patients with first negative tests but in 10 (34 percent) patients with first positive tests. CONCLUSION: TTT could be performed during any period of the day, and even in the 2 periods to enhance positivity. Considering the low reproducibility rate of the positive tests, serial TTT to evaluate therapeutic efficacy should be performed during the same period of the day
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Circadian Rhythm , Syncope, Vasovagal , Tilt-Table Test , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Pressure , Heart Rate , Recurrence , Reproducibility of Results摘要
OBJECTIVE - To assess the diagnostic value, the characteristics, and feasibility of tilt-table testing in children and adolescents. METHODS - From August 1991 to June 1997, we retrospectively assessed 94 patients under the age of 18 years who had a history of recurring syncope and presyncope of unknown origin and who were referred for tilt-table testing. These patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (children) - 36 patients with ages ranging from 3 to 12 (mean of 9.19+ or -2.31) years; group II (adolescents) - 58 patients with ages ranging from 13 to 18 (mean of 16.05+ or -1.40) years. We compared the positivity rate, the type of hemodynamic response, and the time period required for the test to become positive in the 2 groups. RESULTS - The positivity rates were 41.6 percent and 50 percent for groups I and II, respectively. The pattern of positive hemodynamic response that predominated in both groups was the mixed response. The mean time period required for the test to become positive was shorter in group I (11.0 + or -7.23 min) than in group II (18.44 + or -7.83 min). No patient experienced technical difficulty or complications. CONCLUSION - No difference was observed in regard to feasibility, positivity rate, and pattern of positive response for the tilt-table test in children and adolescents. Pediatric patients had earlier positive responses
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Syncope/diagnosis , Tilt-Table Test , Chi-Square Distribution , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Statistics, Nonparametric摘要
Homem com 52 anos, portador de cardiopatia reumática crônica e homofilia foi submetido a substituiçäo da valva aórtica e comissurotomia mitral. Havia história de reaçäo alérgica a crioprecipitado e para realizaçäo da cirurgia, o valor ideal de fator VIII foi estipulado em 100 por cento. Para tanto, foram infundidas aproximadamente 2.500UI de fator VIII:C, o que proporcionou, contudo, acréscimo no valor de fator VIII:C de 20 por cento para 58 por cento. Durante o ato operatório foram administradas 1.500UI de fator VIII:C associadas à infusäo de 3.500.000U de aprotinina (TrasylolR), iniciada na induçäo anestésica e mantida durante a cirurgia. O valor de fator VIII:C sérico obtido ao término da cirurgia foi de 220 por cento. O paciente teve alta no 11§ dia de pós-operatório e näo houve nenhuma complicaçäo hemorrágica
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Hemophilia A/complications , Mitral Valve Stenosis/surgery , Bioprosthesis , Rheumatic Heart Disease/surgery , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Factor VIII/therapeutic use , Mitral Valve Stenosis/complications , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control摘要
No presente trabalho, relatamos um caso de tumor de células de Merkel (TCM) em uma mulher de 78 anos, localizado na regiäo pré-tibial esquerda, que apresentou comportamento agressivo local e disseminaçäo sistêmica. O diagnóstico baseou-se nos achados achados microscópicos e imuno-histoquímicos, especialmente na positividade a enolase neuronal específica (NSE). Considerando-se os achados clínicos e histopatológicos, incluem-se no diagnóstico diferencial as seguintes neoplasias: neuroblastoma, tumores carcinóide e de células das ilhotas de Langerhans, carcinoma de pequenas células do pulmäo, melanoma, linfomas e carcinoma metastático indiferenciado. O tratamento consistiu primariamente em ressecçäo cirúrgica do tumor. Após recidiva e comprometimento sistêmico, foram utilizados radioterapia e quimioterapia. É feita, também, uma revisäo da literatura