摘要
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non-coding RNAs in the nucleolus and are mainly responsible for the 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridine modification of rRNA. snoRNAs regulate various biological processes, such as tRNA modification, spliceosome snRNA modification, maintenance of the telomere structure, and alternative splicing of mRNA. Aberrant expression of snoRNA is related to cancer progression, and it may become a new target for cancer treatment. snoRNAs are stable and easy to detect in body fluids, so they can be used as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognostic. This article reviews the biogenesis, classification, structure, and function of snoRNAs and introduces their potential role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
摘要
Objective To investigate the diagnosis of different types of fetuses with simple ventricular septal defect by ultrasound and to analyze the results of neonatal follow-up during the closed period.Methods A total of 100 fetuses diagnosed with simple ventricular septal defect from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected from the 903rd Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army of China,and echocardiography was performed to observe the type and defect diameter.The healing rate of the children was observed after 1 year follow-up.Results In 100 cases,64 cases were medial defect,21 cases were infundibular defect,11 cases were muscular defect and 4 cases were superior ventricular ridge defect.In the membrane defect type,the proportion of defect diameters>5mm was highest at 46.88%,followed by 3-5mm at 34.38%,and<3mm at 18.75%.In the infundibular defect type,the defect diameter<3mm was higher(66.67%),followed by 3-5mm(33.33%).The probability of<3mm defect mouth diameter and 3-5mm defect mouth diameter were 45.45%and 54.55%,respectively.The diameter of the defect<3mm and 3-5mm were the same,both of which were 50.00%.The healing rate of intrauterine and 1 year after birth was the highest in muscular defect type(72.73%),followed by membrane defect type(26.56%),infundibular defect type and superior ventricular crest defect type did not heal in intrauterine and 1 year after birth.Conclusion Simple ventricular septal defect is common in the membranous part,while the membranous part and muscle part defect can heal naturally.Echocardiography is a reliable examination method in the prenatal diagnosis and postnatal follow-up of the fetus with simple ventricular septal defect,which can provide a reliable basis for future treatment.
摘要
Objective@#To understand the pathogenic spectrum characteristics of enteroviruses of non-enterovirus (EV) 71 and non-coxsackievirus (CV) A16 associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xinjiang.@*Methods@#Specimens were collected from HFMD patients infected with non-EV-A71 non-CV-A16 enterovirus from 2011 to 2016 in Xinjiang. The virion protein (VP)1 gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced. Sequencing and genotyping were performed through erterovirus genotyping tool.@*Results@#A total of 119 sequences were obtained, 15 human enterovirus serotypes were identified including CV-A6, CV-A10, CV-A4, CV-A8, CV-B1, CV-B3 (4 strains), CV-B4, CV-B5, ECHO30, ECHO12, ECHO14, CV-A9, CV-A24, PV1 and PV3. The composition ratio of CV-A6 among non-EV-A71 non-CV-A16 enterovirus in 2013, 2015 and 2016 was 87.9%, 79.5% and 88.3% respectively.@*Conclusions@#The pathogens causing HFMD in Xinjiang included more than 17 kinds of human enterovirus serotypes. Since 2013, CV-A6 has become the main pathogen of HFMD simultaneously or alternately with EV-A71 and CV-A16.