摘要
The 26S proteasome at the center of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for virtually all cellular processes of eukaryotes. A common misconception about the proteasome is that, once made, it remains as a static and uniform complex with spontaneous and constitutive activity for protein degradation. Recent discoveries have provided compelling evidence to support the exact opposite insomuch as the 26S proteasome undergoes dynamic and reversible phosphorylation under a variety of physiopathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the history and current understanding of proteasome phosphorylation, and advocate the idea of targeting proteasome kinases/phosphatases as a new strategy for clinical interventions of several human diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Phosphoprotein Phosphatases , Genetics , Metabolism , Phosphorylation , Genetics , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex , Genetics , Metabolism , Protein Kinases , Genetics , Metabolism摘要
OBJECTIVE To find out risk factors of urinary infection caused by indwelling catheter. METHODS The data of indwelling catheter patients were recorded according to the pre-planned table by adopting survey techniques of prefigure and analyzed retrospectively. The infection cases were diagnosed by rule of Diagnostic Standard of Hospital Infection issued by Ministry of Health. RESULTS A total of 734 indwelling catheter patients were surveyed from Jan to Dec in 2006. Of the 100 patients,the infection rate was 13.62%. The main reasons were the duration of indwelling catheter and improper usage of antibiotics. The main pathogeny was G-bacteria,of which Escherichia coli accounted for 28.95%,fungi for 31.58%. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing nursing care for indwelling catheter patients; reducing the duration of indwelling as soon as possible and using antibaotics properly according to germiculture and sensibility.
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OBJECTIVE To know the risk factors about lung infection in patients after tracheal intubation general anesthesia and take control measures.METHODS All the patients with tracheal intubation general anesthesia from Jan to Dec in 2007 were investigated retrospectively.RESULTS Among 2914 operation cases,471 cases were of tracheal intubation general anesthesia and 95 cases were infected(20.17%).The infection rate was 5.38%(24 hours).Sputum culture: G-bacteria accounted for 57.65%,G+ bacteria 28.83%,fungi(13.52%).CONCLUSIONS The infection rate increase with longer intubation time.Mechanical ventilation is a risk factor of lung infection.The measures to control infection include shortening intubation hours,reducing mechanical ventilation and strictly sterilization and isolation.
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OBJECTIVE To understand environmental factors which cause nosocomial infection in ICU. METHODS Air sampling adopted by plain board exposure and hand and object appearance by cotton wool method according to Disinfection Technique Regulation published by Ministry of Health. RESULTS From 289 samples, 182 were qualified and pass ratio was 62.98%. Staphylococcus aureus and mixed opportunistic pathogens were the main bacteria on the air and objects. CONCLUSIONS Through monitoring and analyzing environmental factors of ICU nosocomial infection, to control the prevalence and outbreak of ICU nosocomial infection as well as reduce the chance of infection.
摘要
OBJECTIVE To analyze pathogen distribution of lower respiratory tract infection after tracheotomy in patients with severe brain injury to offer prevention and control measures.METHODS The data of patients with severe brain injury after tracheotomy were collected and analyzed in our hospital from Jun 2005 to Dec 2005,Bacteria culture were analyzed in 74 cases twice a week.RESULTS Eighty-four strains of pathogens were identified.Gram-negative bacilli,Gram-positive cocci and fungi accounted 73.04%,11.23% and 15.73%,respectively.Through control measures,the infection rate was reduced from 90% in 2004 to 48.65%.CONCLUSIONS The infection rate of patients with severe brain injury can be reduced through effective methods of prevention and control.