Effect of salvianolic acid B on inflammatory responses of vascular smooth muscle cells in septic mice: role of circACTA2 / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on the inflammatory responses of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in septic mice and the role of circACTA2.Methods:In vivo experiment Eighty-one healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were divided into 3 groups ( n=27 each) by a random number table method: sham operation group, sepsis group and Sal B group. Sepsis model was developed by cecal ligation and puncture. After sucessful preparation of the model, Sal B 7 mg/kg/d was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 2 consecutive days in Sal B group. Twenty mice in each group were randomly selected to measure systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and whole blood lactic acid (Lac) and to record the survival within 7 days after developing the model. Seven mice in each group were randomly selected at 48 h after developing the model, and the arterial vascular tissues were collected for determination of the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (by immunofluorescence staining), expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 protein and mRNA (by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively), and expression of circACTA2 (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Cell experiment Mouse VSMCs were cultured and divided into 6 groups ( n=3 each) by a random number table method: control group (C group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, Sal B group, si-circACTA2+ C group, si-circACTA2+ LPS group, and si-circACTA2+ Sal B group. The cells were incubated for 24 h with LPS (final concentration 1 μg/ml) in LPS group and with LPS (final concentration 1 μg/ml) and Sal B (final concentration 5 μmol/L) in Sal B group. VSMCs were transfected with si-circACTA2 only in si-circACTA2+ C group. At 24 h after transfection of si-circACTA2 into VSMCs, the cells were incubated with LPS (final concentration 1 μg/ml) in si-circACTA2+ LPS group and with LPS (final concentration 1 μg/ml) and Sal B (final concentration 5 μmol/L) for 24 h in si-circACTA2+ Sal B group. The expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA was detected using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of circACTA2 was determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:In vivo experiment Compared with sham operation group, SBP, DBP and MAP were significantly decreased, the concentrations of whole blood Lac were increased, 7-day survival rate was decreased, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA in arterial vascular tissues was up-regulated, circACTA2 expression was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the fluorescence of IL-1β was enhanced in sepsis group. Compared with sepsis group, SBP, DBP and MAP were significantly increased, whole blood Lac concentrations were decreased, 7-day survival rate was increased, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA in arterial vascular tissues was down-regulated, the expression of circACTA2 was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the fluorescence of IL-1β was weakened in Sal B group. Cell experiment Compared with group C, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of circACTA2 was down-regulated in LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA was significantly down-regulated, and the expression of circACTA2 was up-regulated in Sal B group ( P<0.05). Compared with si-circACTA2+ C group, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA was significantly up-regulated in si-circACTA2+ LPS group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 protein and mRNA between si-circACTA2+ LPS group and si-circACTA2+ Sal B group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Sal B can reduce the inflammatory responses of VSMCs, and the mechanism may be related to promoting the expression of circACTA2 in septic mice.

Stapled anoplin peptide combined with photothermal therapy enhances oncolytic immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer / 中国中药杂志

This study constructed a nano-drug delivery system, A3@GMH, by co-delivering the stapled anoplin peptide(Ano-3, A3) with the light-harvesting material graphene oxide(GO), and evaluated its oncolytic immunotherapy effect on triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC). A3@GMH was prepared using an emulsion template method and its physicochemical properties were characterized. The in vivo and in vitro photothermal conversion abilities of A3@GMH were investigated using an infrared thermal imager. The oncoly-tic activity of A3@GMH against TNBC 4T1 cells was evaluated through cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release, live/dead cell staining, and super-resolution microscopy. The targeting properties of A3@GMH on 4T1 cells were assessed using a high-content imaging system and flow cytometry. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to investigate the antitumor mechanism of A3@GMH in combination with photothermal therapy(PTT) through inducing immunogenic cell death(ICD) in 4T1 cells. The results showed that the prepared A3@GMH exhibited distinct mesoporous and coated structures with an average particle size of(308.9±7.5) nm and a surface potential of(-6.79±0.58) mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of A3 were 23.9%±0.6% and 20.5%±0.5%, respectively. A3@GMH demonstrated excellent photothermal conversion ability and biological safety. A3@GMH actively mediated oncolytic features such as 4T1 cell lysis and LDH release, as well as ICD effects, and showed enhanced in vitro antitumor activity when combined with PTT. In vivo, A3@GMH efficiently induced ICD effects with two rounds of PTT, activated the host's antitumor immune response, and effectively suppressed tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, achieving an 88.9% tumor inhibition rate with no apparent toxic side effects. This study suggests that the combination of stapled anoplin peptide and PTT significantly enhances the oncolytic immunotherapy for TNBC and provides a basis for the innovative application of anti-tumor peptides derived from TCM in TNBC treatment.

Research progress on ferroptosis and its mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer, and using targeted drugs and combined with drugs of immunization therapy for systemic treatment is the choice of most patients in advanced stage. Inducing ferroptosis is an emerging approach for targeted therapy, including intracellular iron accumulation, free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and activation of multiple cell death effectors, eventually leading to rupture of the plasma membrane. Studies have shown that the chemotherapy effect can be enhanced through the induction of ferroptosis in cancer cells. This paper attempts to expound the ferroptosis, its molecular mechanisms and the related signaling pathways involved in HCC, so that we can propose potential drug treatment targets and possible combination therapy options for patients with liver carcinoma.

Curative effect analysis of PVP combined with Zoledronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic vertebral fracture (with video) / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy of PVP combined with zoledronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Method:90 patients with postmenopausal osteoporotic vertebral fractures treated in our hospital from Jul. 2018 to Aug. 2020 were selected. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into observation group and control group. The patients in both groups were treated with PVP. The patients in the control group were given oral alendronate, calcitriol capsules and calcium, and the patients in the observation group were given zoledronic acid injection, calcitriol capsules and calcium were taken orally for 1 year. BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, greater trochanter and ward triangle, lumbar ODI index and VAS score, serum BGP and β-CTX, PINP levels and adverse reactions during treatment. Results:One year after operation, the lumbar ODI index and VAS score of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05), and the BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, greater trochanter and ward triangle were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The levels of serum BGP, β-CTX and PINP levels in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Zoledronic acid can significantly improve bone metabolism, accelerate bone formation, increase BMD, reduce low back pain and improve lumbar function in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture after PVP.

GPER inhibitor increases tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in T-47DTR-resistant cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER)inhibitor G15 on the sensitivity of breast cancer tamoxifen-resistant cells to T-47DTR. Methods Experiments were carried out with 4-hydroxytamoxifen(4-OHT),the active form of tamoxifen in vivo. The sensitivity of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell line T-47DTR and its parental cell line T-47D to tamoxifen was detected by MTT assay; the expression of GPER protein was analyzed by plasma separation of inhibitor G15; the effect of 4-OHT combined with G15 on the apoptosis of T-47DTR cells was analyzed by flow cytometry AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining; the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-9,cleaved caspase-9 were analysed by Western blot. Results(1)Compared with the parental cell T-47D,the resistance of T-47DTR-resistant cells to 4-OHT was significantly enhanced.(2)When 4-OHT(2 μmol·L-1)was administered,the membrane distribution of GPER increased,indicating that GPER was activated in T-47DTR-resistant cells compared with the control group; Compared with OHT,the use of G15(5 μmol·L-1)and OHT significantly reduced the expression of GPER.(3)GPER inhibitor G15 could increase the apoptotic rate of T-47DTR-resistant cells while down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,cleaved caspase-3,cleaved caspase-9. Conclusions The GPER inhibitor G15 increases the apoptosis of T-47DTR cells and restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to tamoxifen.

Research on anti-tumor natural product diosgenin / 中国中药杂志

Diosgenin is widely distributed in many plants, such as Polygonatum sibiricum, Paris polyphylla, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Costus speciosus, Tacca chantrieri, which has good anti-tumor activity and preferable effects on preventing atherosclerosis, protecting the heart, treating diabetes, etc. This review combed through the anti-tumor mechanisms of diosgenin encompassing lung, breast, gallbladder, liver, oral cavity, stomach, bladder, bone marrow, etc. Besides, it was discovered that diosgenin mainly exerts its effect by inhibiting tumor cell migration, suppressing tumor cell proliferation and growth, and inducing cell apoptosis. However, problems like low yield and bioavailability frequently exist in natural diosgenin. This review introduced methods such as structural modification, dosage form optimization and combination medication to improve the yield and anti-tumor activity of diosgenin. Via the summary of this paper, it is expected to provide theoretical basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of diosgenin.

Changed serum levels of neurotrophic factors and their correlations with sleep and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia disorder / 中华神经科杂志

Objective@#To explore serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and whether changes of BDNF and GDNF are correlated with sleep quality and cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).@*Methods@#Fifty-seven CID patients in the Department of Sleep Disorders, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from May 2017 to July 2018. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the degree of insomnia severity (some CID patients were monitored by overnight polysomnography). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Nine-Box Maze were used to assess general cognitive function and specific memory function, respectively. The serum levels of BDNF and GDNF were detected using ELISA.@*Results@#Compared to the controls, CID patients had significantly higher PSQI scores (CID patients: 14.0±2.2, healthy controls: 3.9±1.1; t=28.093, P<0.01), lower MoCA scores (CID patients: 24.5±3.6, healthy controls: 26.5±0.9; t=-2.985, P<0.01), more errors in object working memory (CID patients: 1.0 (0, 1.0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0.3)), spatial working memory (CID patients: 3.0 (2.0, 4.0), healthy controls: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0)) and object recognition memory (CID patients: 0 (0, 0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0); Z=-2.896、-5.007、-2.306, P<0.05), and lower serum BDNF (CID patients: (19.48±7.50) ng/ml, healthy controls: (46.49±13.33) ng/ml; t=-10.274, P<0.01) and GDNF (CID patients: (32.76±14.04) pg/ml, healthy controls: (59.63±20.30) pg/ml; t=-7.240, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that in the CID patients, the levels of BDNF and GDNF were correlated with PSQI scores negatively (r=-0.293, -0.320, P<0.05) and MoCA scores positively (r=0.331, 0.295, P<0.05). The BDNF level was also correlated with the duration of disease and the errors in the spatial working memory test negatively (r=-0.319, -0.393, P<0.05), and the GDNF level was correlated with the total sleep time detected with polysomnogram positively (r=0.520, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Serum BDNF and GDNF levels in CID patients were lower than those in healthy controls, and correlated with sleep quality and cognitive impairment.

Changed serum levels of neurotrophic factors and their correlations with sleep and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia disorder / 中华神经科杂志

Objective@#To explore serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and whether changes of BDNF and GDNF are correlated with sleep quality and cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).@*Methods@#Fifty-seven CID patients in the Department of Sleep Disorders, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from May 2017 to July 2018. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the degree of insomnia severity (some CID patients were monitored by overnight polysomnography). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Nine-Box Maze were used to assess general cognitive function and specific memory function, respectively. The serum levels of BDNF and GDNF were detected using ELISA.@*Results@#Compared to the controls, CID patients had significantly higher PSQI scores (CID patients: 14.0±2.2, healthy controls: 3.9±1.1; t=28.093, P<0.01), lower MoCA scores (CID patients: 24.5±3.6, healthy controls: 26.5±0.9; t=-2.985, P<0.01), more errors in object working memory (CID patients: 1.0 (0, 1.0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0.3)), spatial working memory (CID patients: 3.0 (2.0, 4.0), healthy controls: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0)) and object recognition memory (CID patients: 0 (0, 0), healthy controls: 0 (0, 0); Z=-2.896、-5.007、-2.306, P<0.05), and lower serum BDNF (CID patients: (19.48±7.50) ng/ml, healthy controls: (46.49±13.33) ng/ml; t=-10.274, P<0.01) and GDNF (CID patients: (32.76±14.04) pg/ml, healthy controls: (59.63±20.30) pg/ml; t=-7.240, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that in the CID patients, the levels of BDNF and GDNF were correlated with PSQI scores negatively (r=-0.293, -0.320, P<0.05) and MoCA scores positively (r=0.331, 0.295, P<0.05). The BDNF level was also correlated with the duration of disease and the errors in the spatial working memory test negatively (r=-0.319, -0.393, P<0.05), and the GDNF level was correlated with the total sleep time detected with polysomnogram positively (r=0.520, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Serum BDNF and GDNF levels in CID patients were lower than those in healthy controls, and correlated with sleep quality and cognitive impairment.

Changed serum levels of neurotrophic factors and their correlations with sleep and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia disorder / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To explore serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF),and whether changes of BDNF and GDNF are correlated with sleep quality and cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID).Methods Fifty-seven CID patients in the Department of Sleep Disorders,Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from May 2017 to July 2018.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the degree of insomnia severity (some CID patients were monitored by overnight polysomnography).Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Nine-Box Maze were used to assess general cognitive function and specific memory function,respectively.The serum levels of BDNF and GDNF were detected using ELISA.Results Compared to the controls,CID patients had significantly higher PSQI scores (CID patients:14.0±2.2,healthy controls:3.9± 1.1;t=28.093,P＜0.01),lower MoCA scores (CID patients:24.5±3.6,healthy controls:26.5±0.9;t=-2.985,P＜0.01),more errors in object working memory(CID patients:1.0 (0,1.0),healthy controls:0 (0,0.3)),spatial working memory (CID patients:3.0 (2.0,4.0),healthy controls:1.0 (1.0,2.0)) and object recognition memory (CID patients:0 (0,0),healthy controls:0 (0,0);Z=-2.896、-5.007、-2.306,P＜0.05),and lower serum BDNF (CID patients:(19.48 ± 7.50) ng/ml,healthy controls:(46.49± 13.33) ng/ml;t=-10.274,P＜0.01) and GDNF (CID patients:(32.76± 14.04) pg/ml,healthy controls:(59.63±20.30) pg/ml;t=-7.240,P＜0.01).The partial correlation analysis showed that in the CID patients,the levels of BDNF and GDNF were correlated with PSQI scores negatively (r=-0.293,-0.320,P＜0.05) and MoCA scores positively (r=0.331,0.295,P＜0.05).The BDNF level was also correlated with the duration of disease and the errors in the spatial working memory test negatively (r=-0.319,-0.393,P＜0.05),and the GDNF level was correlated with the total sleep time detected with polysomnogram positively (r=0.520,P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum BDNF and GDNF levels in CID patients were lower than those in healthy controls,and correlated with sleep quality and cognitive impairment.

Correlations of serum sympathetic activity markers with sleep and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase and their correlations with sleep and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia (CI).Methods:From September 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019, fifty CI outpatients or inpatients from the Department of Sleep Disorder, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, were enrolled continuously, and thirty good sleepers from the Physical Examination Center of the hospital, were also enrolled to serve as controls. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), polysomnography (PSG) and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS) were used to assess the insomnia severity and sleep disorder susceptibility. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) and Nine-Box Maze were used to respectively assess general cognition and memories. The serum levels of copeptin and α-amylase were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared to the controls, the CI patients had increased PSQI score (16.0 (15.0, 17.0) vs 4.0 (2.8, 6.0); Z=-7.678, P<0.001) and PSAS score (33.0 (30.0, 37.5) vs 17.0 (16.0, 18.5); Z=-7.350, P<0.001), decreased MoCA score (24.1±2.5 vs 26.7±1.9, t=-4.625, P<0.001), increased numbers of errors in the object working (1.0 (0, 1.0) vs 0 (0, 1.0), Z=-2.099, P=0.036), spatial working (2.0 (1.0, 4.0) vs 1.0 (0, 2.0), Z=-3.935, P<0.001) and object recognition (1.0 (0, 2.0) vs 0 (0, 0), Z=-2.266, P=0.023) memories, and elevated serum levels of copeptin ((35.1±19.9) pg/ml vs (14.8±6.9) pg/ml, t=5.414, P<0.001) and α-amylase ((990.1±193.7) U/L vs (728.9±230.5) U/L, t=5.597, P<0.001). In the CI patients, the level of copeptin was positively correlated with PSQI score ( r=0.338, P=0.013), PSAS score ( r=0.316, P=0.021), sleep latency ( r=0.324, P=0.018), number of awake ( r=0.325, P=0.017) and stage 1 percent of non-rapid eye movement sleep ( r=0.278, P=0.044), and negatively correlated with stage 2 percent of non-rapid eye movement sleep ( r=-0.279, P=0.043); α-amylase was positively correlated with numbers of awake in PSG ( r=0.293, P=0.033). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that copeptin level affected PSQI score (β=0.255, P=0.043) and sleep latency (β=0.254, P=0.043). Conclusion:The levels of copeptin and α-amylase in CI patients elevate, and copeptin may be associated with initial sleep difficulties, but not with cognitive ability, in patients with CI.

Short from health survey-36 in evaluating quality of life in patients with cervicogenic headache treated by coblation / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the value of short from health survey-36 (SF-36) in evaluating quality of life and pain care in patients with cervicogenic headache treated by coblation.Methods Thirty patients with cervicogenic headache accepted coblation treatment in our hospital from February 2017 to August 2018 were chosen in this retrospective analysis. The changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores and SF-36 scores (quality of life) before and after treatment were analyzed, and the correlations of these scale scores were determined by Pearson correlation analysis .Results After the 10 weeks of follow-up, the VAS scores of these 30 patients decreased from 7.70±0.88 to 3.30±1.12, SAS scores decreased from 62.47±4.59 to 49.20±6.48, and SF-36 scores increased from 38.50±4.15 to 78.64±6.39, with significant differences (P<0.05). VAS scores were positively correlated with SAS scores (r=0.720,P=0.012), but negatively correlated with SF-36 scores (r=-0.850,P=0.001); SAS scores were negatively correlated with SF-36 scores (r=-0.940,P=0.000). Conclusion SF-36 can be used as a reference for pain nursing intervention in patients with cervicogenic headache after coblation.

Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine-2C subunit receptor on long-term potentiation in primary visual cor-tex of form deprivation adult amblyopia rats / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine-2C subunit receptor (5-HT 2C R)on long-term potentiation (LTP)of V1M region visual cortex of form deprivation adult amblyopia rats. Methods Sixteen two weeks old Sp-argue Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group and monocular form deprivation group,with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were not given any intervention;the rats in the monocular form deprivation group were sutured the right eye lid to establish the monocular form deprivation amblyopia model. All rats were fed for 6 weeks after establishing the model successfully,then the rats in the two groups were sacrificed and the coronal examination of 400 μm thick cortical brain slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). According to the difference of drugs in ACSF,the visual cortex slices of rats in normal control group were selected as group A;the contralateral visual cortex slices of the deprivation eye were divided into group B,group C,group D and group E;the ipsilateral visual cortex slices of the deprivation eye were divided into group F,group G,group H and group I. The ACSF of group A,B and F did not added any drugs;the ACSF of group C and group G were added with physiological saline;the ACSF of group D and group H were added with 10 μmol · L - 15-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride;the ACSF of group E and group I were added with 10 μmol·L - 1 SB 242084 and 10 μmol·L - 15-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride. The electrophysiology experiment was per-formed in all of the visual cortex slices by extracellular microelectrode recording and the visual cortex fidd postsynaptic poten-tial(fPSP)slope of V1M region of the visual cortex was recorded. Results The fPSP in group A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I was (198. 1 ± 13. 5)％,(106. 3 ± 8. 3)％,(106. 3 ± 8. 3)％,(157. 1 ± 9. 7)％,(102. 6 ± 4. 7)％,(144. 5 ± 2. 9)％,(144. 5 ± 2. 9)％,(192. 2 ± 8. 6)％ and (129. 7 ± 13. 5)％,respectively. There was statistic difference in fPSP slope of visual cortex a-mong the group A,B,F(P < 0. 001);the fPSP slope of visual cortex of rats in group A was significantly higher than that in the group B and group F(P < 0. 001);the fPSP slope of visual cortex of rats in group B was significantly lower than that in the group F(P < 0. 001). The fPSP slope of visual cortex in group D was significantly higher than that in the group C (t = - 10. 833,P < 0. 001);the fPSP slope of visual cortex in group H was significantly higher than that in the group D and group G(t = - 6. 841,- 10. 616;P < 0. 001). The fPSP slope of visual cortex in group E was significantly lower than that in the group D and group I(t = 11. 872,- 3. 910;P < 0. 001,P < 0. 05);the fPSP slope of visual cortex in group I was signifi-cantly lower than that in the group H(t = 9. 911,P < 0. 001). Conclusion Monocular deprivation can lead to the dysfunction of bilateral visual cortex neurons and 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride can reverse this phenomenon through 5-HT2C R.

Study on the relationship between the expression level of serum zinc α2 glycoprotein and type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with hyperuricemia / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression level of serum zinc α2 glycoprotein (ZAG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods A total of 220 patients with T2DM and normal uric acid (group A),100 patients with T2DM complicated with hyperuricemia (group B),and 80 cases of normal healthy people (group C) were randomly selected.The clinical and biochemical indexes and expression levels of serum ZAG among three groups were determined and compared.The relationship between expression level of serum ZAG and related indexes was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.Results The serum ZAG levels showed significant differences among groups A,B and C [(58.89 ± 23.17)mg/L vs (86.42 ± 25.36) mg/L vs (40.65 ± 16.48) mg/L] (P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum ZAG level was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI),triglyceride (TG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),creatinine (Cr),urea nitrogen (BUN),and serum uric acid (SUA) (P ＜ 0.05),and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI,TG and HDL-C were independent factors influencing serum ZAG level.Conclusions Serum ZAG level is significantly higher in patients with T2FM,especially in patients complicated with HUA.The increased level may be related to obesity and dyslipidemia,showing that serum ZAG may be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM complicated with HUA.

Analysis of factors affecting seven-year-program medical students' choice of supervisors and some suggestions / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Two-way choice is the main way for the seven-year-program clinical medical students and postgraduate supervisors.This article analyzes the influence factors and shortages of two-way choice for postgraduate supervisors and seven-year-program clinical medical students.This investigation discovers that the supervisor's abilities of research,teaching and clinical and their personal magnetism are important and key factors.The students' gender,character,hobbies and interests and the familiarity to profession are the secondary factors.The other factors that include employment status,the level of income and the advice of parents and friends also have influence on two-way choice for postgraduate supervisors and seven-year-program clinical medical students.In order to further improve the tow-way choice,the author gives some suggestions,including introducing profession and the scientific researches of supervisors in advance,encouraging the face-to-face communication between students and supervisors,promoting multiple profession choices and giving some aids to the students for choosing the supervisors.

Digital anatomical analysis of drilling position of the clavicle in coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with transclavicular-transcoracoid driling is an effective surgical technique to treat acromioclavicular dislocation. A good driling in the clavicle leads to a perfect bony tunnel and a good surgery. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different driling positions of the clavicle on the location of bony tunnels in coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. METHODS:Sixty three-dimensional digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed by Mimics13.0. Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to different surgical planes with different driling positions in the clavicle. Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured, and the safety was evaluated. Option 1: The driling was made 30 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 2: The driling was made 40 mm distal to the clavicle, located in the center of the front and rear edges of the clavicle surface. Option 3: The driling was made at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process, located at the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bony tunnels in option 1 were extremely on the inside of the coracoid. Bony tunnels in options 1 and 2 were not in the center of clavicle. Bony tunnels in option 3 were in the center of both clavicle and coracoid. The method of locating the driling position with a certain distance to the distal clavicle leads to different results in man’s and woman’s models. To ensure that the bony tunnel can pass through the center of clavicle and coracoid, it is suggested to dril at the straight line of tapered nodule tip and the midpoint of the base of the coracoid process and nearby the rear edge of the clavicle upper surface.

Safety location of bony tunnel in coraco-clavicular ligament reconstruction: a digital anatomical study / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To determine the safety location of the bony tunnel in reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments on the basis of digital characterization of the anatomy of the clavicle and coracoid process.Methods Unilateral shoulder spiral CT scan was conducted in 30 patients without injury to the clavicle or coracoid process.They were 15 men and 15 women,aged from 20 to 71 years old (average,49.3 years).Thirty 3D digital models of the clavicle and coracoid process were constructed using the CT scan data by Mimics13.0.Half of the models were of the left shoulder and half of the right.Anatomic measurements of the clavicle and coracoid process were carried out on these models.Virtual transclavicular-transcoracoid bony tunnels were established according to the anatomy of the conoid ligament.Parameters of these bony tunnels were measured before the safety location was calculated.Results The mean clavicular length was 147.70 ± 5.34 mm in males and 133.09 ± 6.61 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the conoid tuberosity (CCD) was 35.90 ± 3.16 mm in males and 30.48 ± 0.54 mm in females; the distance between the lateral edge of the clavicle and the center of the trapezoid tuberosity (CTD) was 22.68 ± 1.23 mm in males and 18.69 ± 1.65 mm in females,with significant differences between genders (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between male and female regarding the ratio of the CCD to the clavicular length,the ratio of CTD to the clavicular length,or the mean internal rotational angle of the coracoid process (P ＞ 0.05).According the attachments of the conoid ligament on the clavicle and coracoid,from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle to the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement,the bony tunnels were established.These tunnels nearly bisected the cross section of the clavicle and coracoid basement,35.23° ± 2.36° medially inclined to the sagittal section and 5.91° ± 2.14° posteriorly inclined to the coronal section of the body.Conclusions To ensure that the bony tunnel should pass through the center of the clavicle and coracoid,it should be drilled from the superior-posterior edge of the clavicle and located at the clavicular attachment of the conoid ligament,tilting about 35° medially and 6° posteriorly to aim at the anterior midpoint of the coracoid basement.

Clinical study of topography-guided off-flap Epi - LASlK in treating traumatic corneal astigmatism / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

To evaluate the visual performance of the patients with traumatic corneal astigmatism, after the treatment of topography guided off-flap epipolis laser in situ keratomileusi (off-flap Epi-LASlK). ●METHODS: This prospective clinical study was comprised of 21 eyes of 21 patients with irregular corneal astigmatism caused by trauma, they were treated by off-flap Epi - LASlK from July 2012 to December 2013. The data included uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA), best spectacle - corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA ), contrast sensitivity 1, 6mo before and after surgery; the healing area percentage of corneal epithelia, the healing time of corneal epithelia and pain score at 3d after surgery. ●RESULTS: Postoperative 1mo both UCVA and BSCVA were improved significantly than that before surgery (t =15. 703, 4. 351, P0. 05 ). Postoperative 6mo except the 3c/ d spatial frequency, the remaining 3 spatial frequency contrast sensitivity compared with those before operation were significantly improved ( P ●CONCLUSlON: Topography-guided off-flap Epi-LASlK is safe and effective in treating the patients with traumatic corneal irregular astigmatism. The operation can improve both the contrast sensitivity and the visual performance.

Application of three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual surgery for treatment of complex tibial plateau fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Treatment of complex tibial plateau fracture is a difficulty in orthopaedic trauma. Comprehensive assessment and appropriate surgical plan before surgery are the key points of surgery. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application value of three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual surgical techniques in assessing and surgical planning of complex tibial plateau fracture before surgery. METHODS:The CT scan data of 30 patients with tibial plateau fracture were imported into the Mimics 13.0 software to establish the three-dimensional digital models of complex tibial plateau fracture, and three-dimensional measurements and reclassification was performed according to three-column classification were made. Virtual surgeries such as bone window operation, reduction of the fracture and bone grafting were made in these models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Reconstructed three-dimensional digital models of complex tibial plateau fracture could indicate the characteristics of fracture accurately, could be observed at any direction, and could help doctors to reclassify the fracture according to three-column classification. Virtual surgeries of bone window operation, reduction of the fracture and bone grafting made in computer by Mimics 13.0 were confirmed to be vividly simulate the clinical surgery, and helpful in estimating the amount of bone grafting. Three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual surgical techniques play an important role in assessing and surgical planning of complex tibial plateau fracture before surgery, which should be a conventional step in the management of complex tibial plateau fracture.

Medial versus lateral locking plate for fixation of distal tibial fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:With the increasing incidence of distal tibial fractures, locking plate fixation has become the preferred internal fixation method. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biomechanical performance of distal tibial fractures, and to study the difference between medial and lateral locking plate methods for internal fixation of distal tibial fractures. METHODS:Articles concerning the biomechanics of the internal fixation of distal tibial fractures were col ected by literature search. The articles that met the criteria were analyzed in depth. In this paper, a biomechanical comparison between locking plate fixation and intramedul ary nail fixation was done as wel as the stress distribution and mechanism of the ankle joint. Meanwhile, 60 patients with distal tibial fractures who had received medial or lateral locking plate fixation at the Department of Orthopedics, Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China from January 2009 to January 2012 were enrol ed for efficiency comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For patients with distal tibial fractures, it is easy to cause posterior mal eolus fractures, Y-shaped fractures and anterior tibial compression, respectively, in the plantar flexion position, neutral position, and dorsiflexion position. Locking plate is better than the intramedul ary nail in the torsional force, and the intact fibula contributes to the improvement of fixed effects of these two internal fixation methods. When the fibula cannot be effectively fixed, the locking plate fixation has a better stability than the intramedul ary nail. Moreover, there is no difference in the fracture healing after fixation with medial and lateral locking plates. However, a lower incidence of complications and better function recovery of the ankle joint can be realized after lateral locking plate fixation.

Mid-third clavicle fracture combined with acromioclavicular joint dislocation treated with double Endobutton plate plus clavicle plate / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Combination of mid-third clavicle fracture with acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a rare injury. The internal fixation treatment of this injury remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the treatment of a rare injury of mid-third clavicle fracture combined with acromioclavicular joint dislocation. METHODS:Three patients with mid-third clavicle fracture with acromioclavicular joint dislocation from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The three patients were treated with clavicle anatomic locking plate+wire subcoracoid cerclage, clavicle anatomic locking plate+clavicular hook plate and clavicle anatomic locking plate+dual Endobutton plate coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction, respectively. The treatment effects of these three methods were compared, including the operation time, blood loss, and the shoulder function evaluation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:One case was misdiagnosed as simple mid-third clavicle fracture. Al the three patients were fol owed-up for more than 12 months, and the clavicle fracture healed in al three cases. The internal fixators were moved out at 12, 9 and 11 months, the Endobutton plate was stil in the body, and no redislocation happened in al cases. The pain, daily function, activity and muscle strength were compressively assessed before and after internal fixator removal. The scores of the three patients were 64, 71 and 92 before surgery, and 68, 79 and 95 after surgery. Patient treated with double Endobutton and locking plate had the best recovery. Double Endobutton plus clavicle plate are good choice as internal fixation in the treatment of mid-third clavicle fracture combined with acromioclavicular joint dislocation.