摘要
Purpose@#Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for evaluating brain injury and maturation in preterm infants and often requires sedation to acquire images of sufficient quality. Infant sedation is often associated with adverse events, despite extreme precautions. In this study, the swaddling technique was investigated as an alternative non-pharmacological strategy to obtain brain MRIs of sufficient quality. @*Methods@#We applied the feed and swaddle technique during routine brain MRI as a quality improvement project and compared its morbidity with that of sedation in a historic age-matched group. Seventy-nine very low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Ajou University Hospital (Suwon, Korea) were enrolled. Thirty-two (40.5%) infants were in the feed and swaddling group, and 47 (59.5%) were in the sedation group. @*Results@#The morbidity associated with the cardiopulmonary system (swaddling group vs. sedation group: 53.13% [n=17] vs. 63.83% [n=30], P=0.723) and central nervous system (40.63% [n=13] vs. 29.79% [n=14], P=0.217) were not significantly different between groups. The MRI failure rate was not significantly different (swaddling group vs. sedation group: 12.5% [n=4] vs. 4.3% [n=2], P=0.174). The MRI scanning time was longer in the swaddling group than in the sedation group (76.5±20.3 minutes vs. 61.5±13.6 minutes, P=0.001). Cardiopulmonary adverse events were significantly less common in the swaddling group than in the sedation group (3.13% [n=1] vs. 34.04% [n=16], P=0.002). @*Conclusion@#The success rate of MRI was comparable between the swaddling technique and sedation. Furthermore, despite the drawback of prolonged scan time, cardiopulmonary adverse events are fewer with swaddling than with sedative agents. Therefore, swaddling can be an alternative to sedation or anesthesia when performing neonatal MRI scans.
摘要
Purpose@#Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for evaluating brain injury and maturation in preterm infants and often requires sedation to acquire images of sufficient quality. Infant sedation is often associated with adverse events, despite extreme precautions. In this study, the swaddling technique was investigated as an alternative non-pharmacological strategy to obtain brain MRIs of sufficient quality. @*Methods@#We applied the feed and swaddle technique during routine brain MRI as a quality improvement project and compared its morbidity with that of sedation in a historic age-matched group. Seventy-nine very low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Ajou University Hospital (Suwon, Korea) were enrolled. Thirty-two (40.5%) infants were in the feed and swaddling group, and 47 (59.5%) were in the sedation group. @*Results@#The morbidity associated with the cardiopulmonary system (swaddling group vs. sedation group: 53.13% [n=17] vs. 63.83% [n=30], P=0.723) and central nervous system (40.63% [n=13] vs. 29.79% [n=14], P=0.217) were not significantly different between groups. The MRI failure rate was not significantly different (swaddling group vs. sedation group: 12.5% [n=4] vs. 4.3% [n=2], P=0.174). The MRI scanning time was longer in the swaddling group than in the sedation group (76.5±20.3 minutes vs. 61.5±13.6 minutes, P=0.001). Cardiopulmonary adverse events were significantly less common in the swaddling group than in the sedation group (3.13% [n=1] vs. 34.04% [n=16], P=0.002). @*Conclusion@#The success rate of MRI was comparable between the swaddling technique and sedation. Furthermore, despite the drawback of prolonged scan time, cardiopulmonary adverse events are fewer with swaddling than with sedative agents. Therefore, swaddling can be an alternative to sedation or anesthesia when performing neonatal MRI scans.
摘要
PURPOSE: We aimed to determine characteristics of host, causative organisms, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in pediatric patients with UTI living in metropolitan area of Korea. METHODS: Retrospective investigation was done for the causative organisms of UTI in 683 pediatric cases treated at Ajou University Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were classified into Escherichia coli and non-E.coli group, where E.coli group was subdivided into ESBL(+) and ESBL(−) groups based on whether the bacteria could produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Antibiotic susceptibility of the causative organism was also determined. RESULTS: A total of 683 UTIs occurred in 550 patients, of which 463 (67.8%) were first-time infection and 87 (32.2%) were recurrent ones (2–7 recurrences, 2.52 average), and 64.9% were male and 35.1% were female. The most common causative organism was E.coli (77.2%) and ESBL(+) E.coli was found in 126 cases. The susceptibility of E.coli to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin was relatively higher than that to ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. ESBL(+) E.coli showed higher resistance rate to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin than ESBL(−) E.coli . CONCLUSION: New treatment guideline should be considered due to the incidence of ESBL(+) E.coli increased up to one quarter of UTI cases.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Ampicillin , Bacteria , beta-Lactamases , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Epidemiologic Studies , Escherichia coli , Incidence , Korea , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Tract Infections , Urinary Tract摘要
PURPOSE: This study investigated the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and risk factors associated with sedation using chloral hydrate (CH) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of infants who received CH for brain MRI in the NICU. Among the enrolled infants (n=143), 12.6% (n=18) were included in the AE group and 87.4% (n=125) were in the non-adverse event group (NAE). RESULTS: Gestational age (GA) at birth and corrected GA at sedation were 35+0±7+2 and 39+5±3+1 respectively. The rate of AEs was 12.6%, included oxygen desaturation (5.6%), aspiration (4.9%), paradoxical agitation (0.7%), tachycardia or bradycardia (0.7%), and arrest (0.7%). In univariate analysis, the AE group was younger in corrected GA at sedation than the NAE group (37+2 [range, 36+0 to 40+0] vs. 40+1 [range, 38+2 to 41+4], P=0.015). There was no significant difference in CH dosage (50.0 [range, 50.0 to 50.0] vs. 50.0 [range, 50.0 to 50.0], P=0.092), cardiopulmonary (33.3% [n=6] vs. 17.6% [n= 22], P=0.209) and central nervous system (61.1% [n=11] vs. 65.6% [n=82], P=0.054) morbidity. In multivariate analysis, CH dosage was the only significant risk factor for AEs associated with sedation (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.07; P=0.0186). CONCLUSION: AEs associated with sedation using CH are not uncommon and should be considered when using high dose CH for diagnostic testing in the NICU.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Bradycardia , Brain , Central Nervous System , Chloral Hydrate , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Dihydroergotamine , Gestational Age , Incidence , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multivariate Analysis , Oxygen , Parturition , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tachycardia摘要
BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) frequently involves the head and neck and increases the risk of central nervous system (CNS) involvement of LCH, such as central diabetes insipidus (CDI), when the craniofacial bones are involved. We analyzed risk factors and clinical features of CDI among patients with LCH involving the head and neck. METHODS: From January 1, 2000 to May 1, 2018, 63 patients with histologically confirmed LCH in the Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Forty eight cases (76.2%) of patients had head and neck involvement, and 9 cases (14.3%) in craniofacial bones at the time of initial diagnosis of LCH. CDI was found in 6 cases (9.5%) among all LCH patients, 6 cases (12.2%) among patients with head and neck involvement, and 3 cases (33.3%) among patients with craniofacial bone involvement. Three cases of CDI occurred at the time of initial LCH diagnosis, and another 3 cases occurred at the time of 2, 4, and 8 years after initial LCH diagnosis. Of the 6 CDI patients, 3 had CNS risk lesions and 3 had no CNS risk lesions, but all had multi-system involvement of LCH. CONCLUSION: CDI can occur even in patients with head and neck LCH without CNS risk lesions, if there are multisystem involvement of LCH. Patients with head and neck LCH may develop CDI over time, so continuous observations should be done while considering the occurrence of CDI.