PIEZO1 Channel is Involved in Electric Field Guided Cell Migration / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveDisruption of epithelial layer may instantaneously induce the generation of endogenous electric fields, which was proved to play an important role in guiding the cell migration and promoting wound healing. PIEZO1 is a kind of mechanic sensitive channel, may be regulated by voltage, is proved to involve in chemotactic migration of cells and play an important role in the process of wound healing. In this paper, the role of PIEZO1 and its downstream proteins FAK and integrin β1 in the electric field guided cell migration were investigated by HaCaT cells (human immortalized keratinocyte). MethodsCell migration was tracked by Living Cell Imaging System in directed current (DC) electric field (EF). Inhibitors and RNAi techniques were applied to study the function of PIEZO1 and other related proteins in electric fields. Western blot was used to detect the expression and phosphorylation levels of integrin β1 and FAK in electric field guided migration under EF stimulation. ResultsPiezo1 RNAi as well as Ruthenium red and GsMTx4 treatment all significantly inhibited the electrotaxis of HaCaT cells. Electric field stimulation with GsMTx4 treatment alone increased FAK phosphorylation level and the expression of integrin β1. Electric field promoted the expression level of integrin β1 and the phosphorylation level of FAK. Inhibiting the expression of PIEZO1 by RNAi significantly attenuated the phosphorylation level of FAK under EF stimulation. Inhibition of integrin β1 and FAK by inhibitor significantly decrease the electric field guided cell migration. ConclusionPIEZO1 as well as integrin β1 and FAK are involved in the electric field guided cell migration of HaCaT cells. Electric field signals regulate the expression of integrin β1 and the activation of FAK through PIEZO1-mediated signal pathway to orchestrate cell migration.

Crossmodal Transfer and Its Cognitive Neural Mechanisms / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Crossmodal transfer is the ability to apply the knowledge acquired in one sensory modality to another. Researches on crossmodal transfer investigate how the brain represents information from different sensory modalities, and provide new insights to improve cognitive processing efficiency and reduce repeated learning. To clarify the characteristics and mechanism of crossmodal transfer, this article first introduced the crossmodal transfer effect in different field of research, such as object recognition, category learning, and time perception. After that, the theoretical researches on the representation type of crossmodal transfer were reviewed, mainly including multisensory theory and multisensory mental imagery theory as well as the supportive and opposite findings. The research progresses on the neural mechanism of crossmodal transfer using ERP and fMRI techniques were introduced, mainly including metamodal theory, and multisensory reverse hierarchy theory as well as the supportive and opposite findings. The objective and subjective factors which influenced crossmodal transfer effect were sorted out, in which we suggested that the modality dominance phenomenon supports the metamodal theory, while other factors such as sensory experience, age, setting of learning tasks and stimulus features support theories such as the multisensory hypothesis. Finally, we described the potential applications of the current research findings on crossmodal transfer and pointed out future research questions in this field.

Progress on the relationship between high-sugar diet and myopia development / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a major public health problem affecting the eye health of our nationals, especially adolescents, and is listed as one of the three major diseases in the world. The etiology of myopia is complex and it is currently considered to be mainly related to environmental factors and genetic factors. Dietary factors are less concerned, but it has been reported that there is a correlation between high-sugar diet and the occurrence and development of myopia. Studies have found that high-sugar diet can cause hyperinsulinemia, which mediates the increase of retinal insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1, IGF-2)expression level, and the decrease of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)expression level in scleral fibroblasts, thereby activating signal transduction and transcriptional activator protein 3(STAT3)signaling pathway, and then acting on scleral matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)/transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and other factors, resulting in a decrease in scleral extracellular matrix(ECM), eventually leading to scleral remodeling, eye axis growth and myopia. This article explores the relationship between high-sugar diet and the occurrence and development of myopia from the aspects of epidemiology and biological mechanisms by consulting relevant literature, and provides research directions for the prevention and control of myopia.

Value of basal luteinizing hormone level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls with different Tanner stages / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different Tanner stages.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the girls who presented with breast development before the age of 8 years and attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to September 2022. According to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist test, the girls with peak LH ≥5.0 IU/L and peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone ≥0.6 were enrolled as the positive group, and the other girls were enrolled as the negative group. The two groups were compared in terms of the basal LH level and uterine volume. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze their value in the early diagnosis of CPP.@*RESULTS@#For the girls with Tanner B2 and B3 stages, the positive group had significantly higher basal LH level and uterine volume than the negative group (P<0.05). The basal LH level had an optimal cut-off value of 0.325 IU/L and 0.505 IU/L respectively in the diagnosis of Tanner stage B2/B3 CPP, while uterine volume had an optimal cut-off value of 1.639 mL and 2.158 mL respectively. Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement had a significantly larger area under the ROC curve than uterine volume measurement alone (P<0.001), but with no significant difference compared with that of basal LH level measurement alone (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement is valuable in the early diagnosis of CPP in girls with different Tanner stages, which provides a basis and guiding significance for clinical diagnosis of CPP.

Research on genetic model of keratoconus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the effect of genetic factors on the pathogenesis of keratoconus and its genetic model.METHODS: Genetic epidemiological methods were used to investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in 280 first-degree relatives of 100 patients with keratoconus who attended Henan Eye Hospital between July 2020 and April 2023. The heritability was estimated by Falconer regression method. The general genetic model was calculated using Penrose method, and the genetic model was confirmed by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory.RESULTS: The results showed that there were 16(5.714%)first-degree relatives of keratoconus probands suffering from keratoconus, and the heritability of keratoconus was(86.100±7.400)%. The S/q score calculated by the Penrose method was 35.348, which was near to 1/(q)1/2, suggesting that the genetic model of keratoconus might be polygenic inheritance. The expected prevalence in first-degree relatives of keratoconus patients by Falconer formula, Edwards approximation formula and the projection formula of San-Duo Jiang's threshold model theory were 5.900%, 7.714% and 5.700%, respectively, which showed no significant differences from the actual prevalence(5.714%), suggesting that keratoconus was a polygenetic disease.CONCLUSION:Genetic factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, and keratoconus is a polygenetic disease.

Dynamic changes of locus coeruleus damage in Parkinson's disease-like mice induced by paraquat / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To observe the dynamic changes of brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) damage in Parkinson' s disease (PD) -like mice by paraquat (PQ) . Methods: In October 2019, 36 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the exposure group and the control group, with 18 mice in each group. The mice in the exposure group were given intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg PQ, and the mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline, twice a week for 8 weeks. Neurobehavioral changes (pole climbing test, swimming test, open field test, tail hanging test, high plus maze test and water maze test) were observed at 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively, and the changes of motor ability, emotion and cognitive function were evaluated. The brain tissue of mice were taken and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes of LC. Nissl staining was used to detect the changes of neuronal Nissl bodies in LC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of neuron nuclear antigen (NeuN) , dopamine (DA) neurons and norepinephrine (NE) neuron markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) , α-synuclein (α-syn) in substantia nigra (SN) and LC. The expression levels of NeuN, TH and α-syn in the midbrain and brainstem were detected by Western blotting. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis in LC. Results: Compared with the 4th week of PQ exposure group, the time of pole climbing and swimming immobility were gradually increased, the ratio of open arm residence time of high plus maze test and the number of times of the platform and the residence time of platform quadrant in water maze test were gradually decreased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. The results of HE and Nissl staining showed that the neurons in LC gradually arranged loosely, the nucleus were deeply stained, the cytoplasm was pyknosis, and the number of Nissl bodies gradually decreased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. IHC results showed that the number of NeuN and TH positive cells in SN and LC of mice were gradually decreased, and the positive expression of α-syn was gradually increased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of NeuN and TH in the midbrain and brainstem were gradually decreased, and the expression level of α-syn was gradually increased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rates of neurons in LC were gradually increased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. Conclusion: PQ induces progressive damage in the LC area of PD-like mice, which may be caused by the abnormal accumulation of pathological α-syn in the LC area.

Inhibitory activity of copper gluconate and disulfiram against papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of copper gluconate and disulfiran on the PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 and to explore the effect of combination of them on PLpro.Methods SARS-CoV-2 PLpro was purified by recombinant expression technology of he effects of copper gluconate and disulfiram on PLpro activity were studied by enzyme kinetic method.Results Copper gluconate and disulfiram had high inhibitory activity on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro,Ubiquitin-7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin(Ub-AMC)was used as the fluorescent substrate.The IC50 of copper gluconate was 33.02 nmol·L-1,showing competitive inhibition,and the IC50 of disulfiram was 480.4 nmol·L-1,showing non competitive inhibition,and the combination of the two inhibitors showed the advantage of synergistic inhibition.Conclusions Copper gluconate and disulfiram have a high inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro protein,and the combination shows the advantage of synergistic inhibition.

Comparative analysis of binding multi-fold rib graft, iliac bone graft and titanium mesh graft during surgery of tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of three different methods of binding multi-fold rib graft, iliac bone graft and titanium mesh graft in tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra by approach of transverse rib process.@*METHODS@#A hundred and seven patients with tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra received surgical treatment from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups according different methods of bone graft. The surgical approach of the transverse rib process was used in all 107 patients, after thoroughly remove the necrotic tissue of tuberculosis, three different bone grafts were used respectively including iliac bone graft (36 cases, group A), binding multi-fold rib graft (35 cases, group B), titanium mesh bone graft (36 cases, group C). Perioperative indexes, the time required for bone graft during operation, intraoperation blood loss, the loss rate of the anterior edge of the lesion, Cobb angle, postoperative bone graft fusion time, spinal nerve recovery and Oswestry Disability Index were compared among three groups.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up for 13 to 24 months, and the operation time required for bone graft was (23.2±4.1) min in group A, (23.8± 4.4)min in group B, and (25.5±4.2) min in group C, with no statistically significant difference among three groups (@*CONCLUSION@#The approach of transverse rib process for debridement of lesions can effectively treat tuberculosis of thoracic vertebra by binding multi-fold rib graft, iliac bone graft and titanium mesh graft, but binding multi-fold rib graft can effectively avoid iliac bone donor complications, and is an effective alternative to iliac bone graft, which is worth popularizing.

A method for expression and activity determination of Anti-Her2 humanized monoclonal antibody / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish a method for the stable expression of recombinant humanized Anti-her2 monoclonal antibody and to measure its bioactivity. Methods Anti-her2 heavy chain and light chain eukaryotic expression vectors were used to transfect CHO cells, and then scaled-up after screening the stably expressed cell line. Protein A affinity chromatography was utilized to purify the fusion protein. Western blot was used to identify the properties of the product, SDS-PAGE and HPLC were employed to detect its specificity, and CCK8 assay was used to detect its effect on cell viability. Results One cell line with stable expression of recombinant antibody was selected for scale-up. The supernatant was gained for the purification with protein concentration of 135.9 mg · L

Gegen Qinliantang Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis via Cell Signaling Pathways： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gegen Qinliantang， a classic traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compound， has been verified in modern research to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation，anti-oxidative stress，protecting intestinal mucosal barrier， and regulating intestinal flora and immune response. Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease involving the colorectal mucosa， which mainly results from genetic susceptibility， intestinal mucosal barrier damage， abnormal immune response， intestinal flora disturbance， and bile acid metabolism disorders. By reviewing the literature published in recent years， this paper sorted out the relevant pathways and mechanisms involved in the treatment of UC by Gegen Qinliantang to provide ideas for further clinical and basic research. This literature review uncovered that Gegen Qinliantang exerted the therapeutic effects against UC mainly via interleukin-6（IL-6）/Janus tyrosine kinase 2（JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3） signaling pathway， Toll like receptor 4（TLR4）/nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB） signaling pathway，Notch signaling pathway， and matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9）/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p38 MAPK） signaling pathway. Gegen Qinliantang regulates the intercellular molecular transmission in multiple pathways to protect the intestinal mucosal barrier， adjust the immune response and anti-oxidative stress， and relieve UC， demonstrating the multi-target， multi-mechanism， and multi-pathway advantages of TCM compounds.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: A large cross-sectional clinical study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA), and the risk factors of EORA complicated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peking University People's Hospital from July 2009 to December 2014 and 1 116 patients were recruited. The patients' characteristics and CVD, including ischemic heart disease, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease, were recorded. The patients were divided into EORA group (n=212) and younger-onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA) group (n=904) according to the age of onset ≥60 years and < 60 years. Then, the differences between the groups were analyzed by Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ2test, and risk influencing CVD were analyzed using Logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the disease activity between the EORA and YORA groups. The proportion of male, pulmonary interstitial disease (ILD), and numbers of deformity joint count (DJC) were significantly higher in the EORA group compared with the YORA group [32.1% vs. 18.5%, χ2=19.11, P < 0.001; 23.6% vs. 13.6%, χ2=16.50, P < 0.001; 6 (2, 12) vs. 3 (2, 7), Z=-3.60, P < 0.001], while the prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome was lower than that of the YORA group (13.5% vs. 5.2%, χ2=11.29, P=0.001). Moreover, there were lower prevalences in the patients treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in EORA group (35.4%) than in YORA group (26.7%) (χ2=6.43, P=0.011), especially in methotrexate (MTX), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and sulfasalazine (SSZ). In addition, the patients with EORA had a higher prevalence of CVD (27.8%) than the YORA group (11.6%, χ2=40.46, P < 0.001), accompanied with higher prevalence of smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elder age (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.00-1.20), DJC (OR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.04-9.68), rheumatoid nodules (OR=3.56, 95%CI: 1.03-12.23), hypertension (OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.09-5.13) and hyperlipidemia (OR=8.85, 95%CI: 2.50-31.27) were independent risk factors, while HCQ (OR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.07-0.70) and MTX (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.14-0.73) were protective factors of EORA complicated with CVD.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with YORA, patients with EORA have higher ratio of male, ILD and DJC, which may be attributed to inappropriate therapies. EORA is more likely to be complicated with CVD than YORA. Elder age, DJC, rheumatoid nodules, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are independent risk factors, while HCQ and MTX are protective factors of EORA complicated with CVD.

Investigation of sleep disturbance and related factors in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and the relevant determinants in a cohort of primary Sjögren' s syndrome (pSS) patients.@*METHODS@#One hundred and eighty-six pSS patients were included in the study, who were admitted to Peking University People' s Hospital and met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI).Depression, anxiety were evaluated by patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9, generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)-7, respectively. The demographic and clinical data were also recorded.Disease activity and damage were evaluated with the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI). According to the PSQI score>7, the pSS patients were divided into 152 cases of sleep disorder group and 34 cases of normal sleep group. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher' s exact test, independent samples t test, Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of sleep disturbance (PSQI > 7) was 81.7% (152 / 186) in the pSS patients, and 52.7% (98/186) had moderate or severe sleep disorders (PSQI≥ 11). The mean PSQI score of sleep disordered group was (12.29±3.30), while the normal sleep group PSQI score was (5.50±1.20). The PSQI score, PHQ-9 score and GAD-7 score in the sleep-disordered group were significantly higher than those in the normal sleep group (P=0.000, 0.035, 0.031). The PSQI score in the sleep disordered group were significantly higher than those in the normal sleep group in seven aspects: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic drug use and daytime dysfunction. All of them had statistical significance. According to the results of Spearman correlation analysis, PSQI had significantly positive correlation with course of disease, anxiety, depression score (r=0.151, 0.240, 0.421, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with C3, C4 (r=-0.021, -0.235, P < 0.05). Logistic analysis identified the course of disease(OR=2.809, 95%CI: 1.21-6.52)and PHQ-9 score(OR=1.422, 95%CI: 1.04-1.94)as predictors of sleep disorders.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of sleep disorder in the pSS patients was higher, which was closely related to the course of disease, anxiety, depression and other factors. It is critical to assess and manage comprehensively the disease.

One-stage posterior debridement combined with lumbar-ilium fixation and bone graft fusion for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of One-stage posterior debridement combined with lumbar-ilium fixation and bone graft fusion for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 31 patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis treated by one-stage posterior debridement combined with lumbar-ilium fixation and bone graft fusion from January 2013 to February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 18 males and 13 females, aged from 18 to 77 years old with an average of (45.9±9.1) years. The lesion segment was form L to S. The preoperative ASIA grading showed that 2 cases were grade B, 17 cases were grade C, 12 were grade D. Pre- and post-operative C reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue scale (VAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ASIA grade, lumbosacral angle and intervertebral space height were analyzed, the surgery complications, stability of internal fixation, bone fusion were observed.@*RESULTS@#All the 31 patients were followed up for 10 to 24 months with an average of (16.0±3.1) months. One patient with local infection and subcutaneous hydrops was cured by dressing change. Other 30 cases got primary healing without sinus formation and no recurrence of spinal tuberculosis. All the patients were cured, no internal fixation loosening and breakage were found. All bone fusion was successful with an average fusion time of (4.7±1.1) months. At the final follow-up, ESR and CRP were normal, the VAS was decreased from (6.13±1.21) points preoperatively to (1.92±0.57) pioints, the ASIA grading showed that 2 cases were grade C, 6 cases were grade D, and 23 cases were grade E. The lumbosacral angle and intervertebral space height was increased from preoperative (21.42±3.75) °, (7.84±0.41) mm to (27.21±3.12) °, (9.80±0.38) mm at the final follow-up, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#One-stage posterior debridement combined with lumbar-ilium fixation and bone graft fusion is a practicable, effective and safe method for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis. It can be recommended in clinical application.

Visual analysis of research theme and capability of real world research / 中国中药杂志

As a new concept in clinical research,the real world research(RWR) has attracted the attention of researchers in the world with its unique advantages. This research mainly analyzed it through visual methods,the specific steps were as follows. Firstly,the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Database,Medline and EMbase were searched and RWS were included,414 articles in Chinese and 2 158 articles in English were included in this research after layer-bylayer screening; secondly,the main information was extracted and sorted by BICOMS 2 software and generated its co-occurrence matrix; the network relationship diagram was drawn by Net Draw software; the cluster analysis was carried out by using g CLUTO software;finally,this research results show that the numbers of domestic and foreign literatures have shown an overall growth trend,but compared with foreign countries,China's research on the real world started late,the overall strength of research was not as good as abroad;and the domestic and foreign research on the real world was uneven in the region,the research in China was mainly distributed in developed provinces and cities,such as Beijing,Guangdong,Shanghai,etc,and there was a lack of close cooperation between provinces and cities; the foreign research are mainly distributed in developed countries such as the United States,the United Kingdom,Germany,et al; the cooperation between countries was relatively close. And the hotspots and core directions of domestic and foreign research were also different. This research was intended to provide reference for the further research of Chinese researchers through the current description of the themes and capability of the real world research in the world.

Effect of Oxymatrine Mediated by RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway on Expression of E-cadherin and TGF-β in Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Oxymatrine on epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by RhoA/Rho-associated kinase(ROCK) signaling pathway to prevent and treat ulcerative colitis(UC) and its related canceration by detecting the changes of ROCK, E-cadherin and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in colon tissues of mice. Method:Totally 48 male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, low, medium and high-dose Oxymatrine groups (25,50,100 mg·kg-1)and Y-27632 group(10 mg·kg-1), with 8 mice in each group. Mice in control group received distilled water, while all the other mice were treated with 3% dextra sulfate sodium for 7 days to induce the ulcerative colitis model. Since the first day of modeling,Y-27632(10 mg·kg-1)and different doses of Oxymatrine(25, 50, 100 mg·kg-1) were intraperitoneally injectedfor 7 days, and equal volume of PBS was intraperitoneally injected in normal group and model group. Body weight loss, stool consistency and fecal blood loss were observed on a daily basis. On the 8thday, mice were put to death,colon was collected and its length was measured; the scores of disease activity index (DAI) were evaluated; part of the colons were fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for a histopathological analysis; the ultrastructural changes of mucosa tissue in ulcerative colitis were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of TGF-β in tissue mucosa were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay(ELISA). The expression levels of Rho-associated kinase-1, Rho-associated kinase-2, E-cadherin and TGF-β in colon were measured by Western blot and Real-time PCR. Result:Compared with normal group, model group showed the infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa, disordered gland arrangement, varying degrees of intestinal mucosal defect and even ulcer formation. Under electron microscopy, microvilli were sparse on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, the gap between cell junctions was widened, goblet cells were reduced and organelles were swollen. The disease activity index,and the expression levels of ROCK-1 and ROCK-2 proteins in the colonic mucosa of model group were increased(Pβ were decreased(PPPβ were increased(PPPβ and E-cadherin protein and mRNA levels were significantly decreased(PConclusion:Oxymatrine may alleviate ulcerative colitis by down-regulating the expression of Rho kinase,up-regulating the expressions of E-cadherin and TGF-β, inducing the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Treatment of tuberculosis of lumbar spine in elderly patients with percataneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage combined with posterior internal fixation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effects and advantages of percataneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage combined with posterior internal fixation in the treatment of tuberculosis of lumbar spine in elderly.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 32 patients with tuberculosis of lumbar spine received percataneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage combined with posterior internal fixation from May 2013 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 19 females, aged from 62 to 85 years old with an average of 75 years. Lesion segmental Cobb angle was 13° to 21° with an average of (16.52±3.20)°. Tuberculosis focal involved L₁-L₂ of 1 case, L₂-L₃ of 4 cases, L₃-L₄ of 15 cases, L₄-₅ of 10 case, L₅-S₁ of 2 cases. Cobb angle, VAS score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ASIA grade were compared before and after operation. The stability of the spine and the recurrence of tuberculosis were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 12-36 months with the mean of 24 months. Three patients complicated with giant paravertebral psoas abscess occurred sinus tract in canal orifice of drainage tube after irrigation, and healed in 3 months after operation. Other 29 patients obtained healing of phase I without sinus tract formation. The clinical symptoms of all patients obvious improved at 2 weeks to 3 months after operation and no complications such as severe heart and lung, liver and kidney dyfunction were found. VAS scores and Cobb angles were improved from preoperative(6.77±1.23) points and(16.52±3.20)° to(4.71±0.69) points and (4.24±1.22)° at 1 week after operation. No infection and tuberculosis recurrence were found at follow-up period. ESR and CRP were normal at final follow-up and ASIA grade had obvious improved.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Percataneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage combined with posterior internal fixation is a simple, effective and safe method for tuberculosis of lumbar spine in elderly, and is worthy to recommend its clinical use.

Measurement and clinical significance of lumbar pedicle CT imaging parameters / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Although more and more accurate and personalized detection and assistive tools are used in the field of orthopedics with the development of technology, the preoperative CT is still the first-line examination choice of many orthopedic surgeons. Therefore, to master the lumbar spine CT imaging performance is not only the basis of spine surgeons, but also the cornerstone of spinal nail surgery. OBJECTIVE: Through CT imaging technique, we measured the parameters of lumbar pedicle imaging, and understood its internal structure as the basis for the choice of screws, in order to improve the safety and accuracy of nail surgery. METHODS: Totally 36 cases without lumbar vertebrae-related disease undergoing lumbar vertebra and abdominal cavity CT scan were randomly selected, including 20 males and 16 females at the age of (43.3±12.3) years. PACS was used to reconstruct lumbar vertebrae, and the related imaging parameters were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference between the left and right sides of the pedicle for paired t-test (P >0.05). (2) Pedicle sagittal angle had downward trend, the level of change was small; L4increased relative to L3; L5level was minimum at the average of -1.3°. Pedicle transverse angle had gradually increased trend, and maximum at L5; the average was 25.4°. (3) The length of the pedicle channel increased first and then decreased in the lumbar segment; the longest average was 52.2 mm in the L2segment, the shortest at L5, with an average of 47.4 mm. (4) The pedicle height was slightly narrowed at L1-L3levels; the smallest was 15.4 mm (L3mean), and reached the maximum in the L5at 22.7 mm (L5mean). Cancellous bone height also showed the same trend, the minimum in the L3at 10.2 mm, the maximum in the L5at 17.9 mm. (5) Lumbar pedicle width showed an upward trend, L1minimum of 7.7 mm, L5maximum of 12.5 mm. Cancellous bone width also became a similar upward trend; the narrowest L1, averagely 4.9 mm; the maximum L5, averagely 8.5 mm. (6) Overall, the upper lumbar pedicle channel was slender, while the lower lumbar spine was slightly short. (7) The parameters of the pedicle can be used as the basis for selecting the appropriate screw. At the same time, lumbar pedicle morphology has a certain difference, and there is a certain law. Accurately grasping its structure and image characteristics of pedicle screw fixation is the basis of surgery. The preoperative imaging data collection and assessment, combined with the general situation of patients, and the development of personalized programming, will help in improving the safety and accuracy of screw placement.

Eearly clinical effects of percutaneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage in the treatment of single-level suppurative spondylitis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage in the treatment of single-level suppurative spondylitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 18 patients with single-level suppurative spondylitis treated by percutaneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage from June 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 males and 7 females, aged from 46 to 75 years old with an average of (58.89±9.46) years. According to the patient's diagnosis and drug sensitivity results to anti-infection therapy after operation. All the patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of(15.50±3.45) months. Disease control status was evaluated by laboratory examination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) before and after operation. Relief of pain was evaluated using visual analogue scale(VAS). Nerve function was assessed by ASIA classification. Clinical effects were evaluated by Kirkaldy-Willis standard. Spinal stability and recurrence of infection were observed by imaging data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successful, and no complication as hematoma, nerve injury, infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, sinus formation at the site of tube placement, or mixed infection were found. Postoperative bacteriological report was positive in 12 cases, while 6 cases showed no bacterial growth, and the infection status in 13 cases were confirmed by pathological examination. ESR, CRP, VAS at 2 weeks, 3 months after surgery and at the final follow-up were obviously improved(<0.05). Clinical symptoms were improved significantly at 1 week to 3 months after operation. According to Kirkaldy-Willis standard to evaluate the clinical effect, 14 cases obtained excellent results, 3 good, and 1 fair. Nerve function recovery was based on ASIA grading at the final follow-up. The lost Cobb angles were (1.11±1.18)° on average, with no statistically significant difference before and after operation (>0.05). During the follow-up, no recurrent infection has occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous endoscopic focal cleaning and drainage is a minimally invasive, effective and safe surgical method, which serves as a new choice for surgical treatment of suppurative spondylitis.</p>

Application value of Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis and detection of rifampin resistance / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the application value of Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis and detection of rifampin resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 109 pus specimens were obtained from patients who were primaryly diagnosed as spinal tuberculosis. All of the pus specimens were detected by acid-fast stain, liquid fast culturing by BACTEC MGIT 960 and Xpert MTB/RIF assay to definite the differences in sensitivity and specificity of mycobacterium tuberculosis among detecting methods. Pus specimens obtained by different methods were deteceded by MTB/RIF test to analyze the self-influence on Xpert MTB/RIF test. The result of liquid fast culturing by BACTEC MGIT 960 was used as the gold standard; and the value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in detecting rifampin resistance was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of acid-fast stain, liquid fast culturing by BACTEC MGIT 960 and Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 25.92%, 48.15%, 77.78%, respectively. The sensitivity of pus specimens obtained from open surgery, ultrasound positioning puncture and biopsy the sensitivity were 83.78%, 76.47%, 44.68% respectively deteceded by MTB/RIF test. According to the gold standard of the results of liquid fast culturing by BACTEC MGIT 960 assay, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in detecting rifampin resistance were 80%(4/5) and 90.70%(39/43), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Xpert MTB/RIF assay has higher value in diagnosis of spinal tuberculosi, and also can detect rifampin resistance. The number of mycobacterium tuberculosis in pus specimens has a great influence in the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay.</p>

Anterior small-incision focus debridement with posterior internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical outcomes and advantages of anterior small-incision focus debridement with posterior internal fixation through muscle spa ring in treating patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2010 to February 2014, totally 82 patients with lumbar spinal tuberculosis were treated by posterior individual fixation with small-incision focus debridement,including 50 males and 32 females with an average of 50.5 years old. All patients were divided into two groups according to different procedures. Forty-nine patients in group A were treated with anterior small-incision focus debridement with posterior internal fixation through muscle spa ring at stage I ; and 33 patients in group B were treated with focus debridement with posterior internal fixation by extraperitoneal approach at stage I . Postoperative mechanical ventilation time, preoperative and postoperative Cobb angle, visual analogue scale (VAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Frankel grading were observed and compared. Postoperative complications, stability of internal fixation and bone union were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed-up from 15 to 36 months with an average of 23.7 months. Psoas abscess of three patients in group A and 1 patient in group B on the opposite side increased and were healed by the secondary apocenosis. The other 78 cases were healed at stage I, and no sinus tract formation, incisional hernia, leakage of cerebrospinal and occurrence of spinal tuberculosis were occurred. Fracture healing time ranged from 3 to 7 months with an average of 4.6 months. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time and VAS score in group A was better than group B. There were no statistical differences in Cobb angle, ESR and Frankel grading at the final following-up between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anterior small-incision focus debridement with posterior internal fixation through muscle spa ring in treating patients with lumbar spinal according to degree of damage is a safe and effective method.</p>