摘要
Objectives@#This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health behaviors and dental scaling to suggest effective preventive oral health behaviors. @*Methods@#This cross-sectional survey examined linked datasets derived from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2017. The data of 4,258 adults aged ≥19 years were included. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of oral health behaviors on willingness to undergo dental scaling. @*Results@#The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the participants whose oral hygiene habits included a thrice-daily tooth brushing frequency were 1.5% more likely to undergo dental scaling (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.167-1.881) than the others. Furthermore, those whose oral hygiene habits included a thrice-daily tooth brushing frequency and the daily use of dental floss or an interdental brush were 1.6% more likely to undergo dental scaling (95% CI, 1.194-2.032) than their counterparts. @*Conclusions@#The group with the most favorable oral health behaviors underwent dental scaling more frequently. Better personal oral health habits may lead to willingness to undergo dental scaling, and incremental dental hygiene improvements can be achieved through further oral health education. Educational programs are needed to raise awareness of and promote improvements in individual oral health behaviors.
摘要
Objectives@#Given the rapid population aging in Korea, it is becoming more important for the elderly to live healthy and be active independently. A two-way relationship exists between oral function and physical activity performance: if oral function worsens, it reduces the independence of older adults by making it difficult to perform certain activities or limiting access to social activities. Therefore, this study aimed to identify oral functions that hinder performing physical activities in older adults and prevent these limitations. @*Methods@#Older adults aged ≥60 years who participated in the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project were recruited (n=1,078). Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between oral function and physical activity performance. @*Results@#The elders having difficult mastication or xerostomia were likely to have decreased physical function (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). All component factors of oral funtion were positively associated with physical activities. Older adults with hard mastication and complete dentures had decreased ability to perform independent activities of daily living (P=0.033 and P<0.001, respectively). @*Conclusions@#Older adults with poor oral function may experience limitations in physical activity. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain and restore oral function through timely dental care in these adults.
摘要
Objectives@#This study aimed to analyze dental healthcare resources and utilization patterns according to regional characteristics in Korea and to compare disparities in unmet dental care need rates and subjective oral health status. @*Methods@#Dental healthcare resources and utilization patterns were analyzed using data from the National Health Insurance Statistics (NHIS) and the Population and Housing Census (2022). Descriptive statistics were performed on the distribution of dental healthcare resources, such as dental institutions, dentists, and dental hygienists per 100,000 people. Inflow and outflow indices for healthcare utilization were calculated using the number of days of inpatient and outpatient visits for oral diseases. In addition, the association between the type of local governance and unmet oral healthcare needs, as well as subjective oral health status, was analyzed using the chi-square test with the Community Health Survey (2022) data. @*Results@#The number of dental institutions, dentists, and dental hygienists (per 100,000 people) in rural areas (such as “Urban and rural complex - si,” “Gun,” and “Gun with an established public health clinic”) was lower than in urban areas (such as a “[Special] metropolitan city”). The inflow and outflow indices for healthcare utilization by oral disease indicated higher outflows of patients to metropolitan areas. Furthermore, the chi-square analysis revealed that, for the “Gun with an established public health clinic,” more respondents reported unmet dental care needs and poor subjective oral health status (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Dental healthcare resources were concentrated in metropolitan areas, and a relatively higher frequency of experience of unmet dental care needs was observed in rural areas. Therefore, policy responses are required to address the disproportionate distribution of dental healthcare resources according to regional factors.
摘要
Purpose@#Missing teeth is one of the most important indicators of oral health behavior and the result of dental caries, periodontal disease, and injuries. This study examined a trend in the incidence of severe partial edentulism (SPE) using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) data. @*Materials and Methods@#Data of adults aged ≥20 years were obtained from the KNHIS for the 2014–2018 period. SPE was defined in dental information within a population with a treatment history of dental scaling as having 1 to 8 natural teeth. Crude incidence rates (CIRs) and age-standardized incidence rates (AIRs) with 95% confidence interval were calculated per 100000 persons. The Cochran Armitage trend (CAT) test and average annual percentage change were used to analyze SPE trends. @*Results@#The CIRs among Korean adults were from 346.29 to 391.11 in 2014–2016 and from 391.11 to 354.09 in 2016–2018. The AIRs trend statistically increased by 4.31% from 346.29 to 376.80 and decreased by 4.72% from 376.80 to 342.10. The AIRs in men increased by 4.00% and decreased by 3.01%. The AIRs in women decreased by 2.18% and increased by 2.11% (CAT; p<0.01). The AIRs by region and income also showed trends of increase and decrease. @*Conclusion@#The study showed that the incidence trend of SPE increased and decreased from 2014 to 2018. This result would be able to aid in the planning of public oral health, and may also serve as fundamental data for verifying the impact of the public oral health policies implemented.
摘要
Objectives@#Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in advanced countries due to their upward-trending incidence rates. Preventing CVDs is imperative to ensure a healthy elderly life and prepare for an aging society. Considering the relationship between oral health and systemic health, effective oral health management will have an important role in preventing CVDs. This study aimed to examine the influence of oral health behaviors as risk factors for CVDs. @*Methods@#A custom database combining data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2017 was analyzed. The study included participants aged 35 or over (n=14,492) with recorded responses on oral health behaviors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between oral health behaviors and CVDs. @*Results@#The CVDs group was shown to practice inappropriate oral health management. In comparison to the non-CVDs group, the CVDs group showed a significantly higher rate of 8.0% in ‘once or less’ of toothbrushing frequency (P<0.001). Moreover, the percentage of individuals who did not use oral hygiene supplements was 13.8% higher (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the ‘use of dental floss and/or interdental brush’ was associated with a 16% lower risk for CVDs (P<0.05). Additionally, ‘twice’ and ‘three or more’ of toothbrushing frequency were associated with a 19% and 23% lower risk for CVDs, respectively (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The frequency of daily toothbrushing and the utilization of dental floss or interdental brush were significantly associated with CVDs. Therefore, there is a need to consistently emphasize the relationship between oral health and systemic diseases, along with the importance of oral hygiene management.
摘要
Objectives@#The importance of public healthcare has been further emphasized by the arrival of the era of super-aged societies. This study investigates the landscape among oral health professionals, focusing on the concept development of the public oral health care (POHC) and essential oral health care (EOHC). @*Methods@#A questionnaire survey of oral health professionals was conducted at six associations or societies who have an interest in POHC from December 21 to December 29, 2022. Chi-squared and logistic regression analyses were adopted to identify significant differences between the responses according to general characteristics. Significant differences were considered at a P-value of 0.05. @*Results@#A total of 100 oral health professionals (48 dentists and 52 dental hygienists) participated in this study. The results revealed that there is a need for improvement of the POHC and the establishment of concepts related to the POHC and EOHC. The agreement rate was 90%, 85%, and 86% for the responsible organization, the target object and field, and the concept in the definition of the POHC, respectively. In the case of the construction of the EOHC, the agreement rate was 91% for “Quality of life,” and 85% for “Life and safety.” Among the community oral health programs as the POHC programs, “Oral health education program” showed the highest agreement rate. In healthcare institutions that are capable of providing the POHC services, “Oral health center in the public health center” had the highest agreement rate. @*Conclusions@#The POHC would be reasonable to define to ensure universal access to oral healthcare services for all citizens. In the case of EOHC, further research is needed to establish terminology and specific concepts in the future. This study could contribute valuable insights to the field of the POHC in an era of super-aged societies. As further research, more oral health professionals need to participate in the POHC-related policy and health care system.
摘要
Objectives@#This study aimed to compare each strain’s number of microorganisms found in oral samples collected using various collection methods. @*Methods@#Twenty-two adults aged 40 and above participated in the study. Oral samples were collected from subjects using three different methods (stimulated saliva, oral biofilm, and calculus), and the collected samples were analyzed using the multiplex real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. @*Results@#The study included 22 subjects (2 men, 20 women) with an age range of 40-75 years.Healthy oral condition was observed in 10 subjects, while the remaining 12 had periodontitis. The saliva and biofilm collection methods for oral microorganisms detected Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsynthesis (Tf), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), which are the causative bacteria of periodontal disease, more effectively compared with the calculus group. In addition, the saliva group showed a better ability to detect Streptococcus mutans (Sm) which causes dental caries, compared with the biofilm and calculus groups. Comparisons based on the presence or absence of periodontitis and the collection method revealed a statistically significant difference in the number of oral microorganisms only in case of Sm strain. @*Conclusions@#The frequency of expression of certain strains varies according to the method of collection of oral microorganisms. Further, the saliva and biofilm methods of collecting oral microorganisms are more suitable for quantitative analysis of bacteria causing periodontal disease.
摘要
Objectives@#The aim of this study was to evaluate brain activity in youth during chewing gum and wood stick using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). @*Methods@#Two participants chewed wax gums and wood stick on the rhythm of 1 Hz during MRI scanning. The task paradigm was a block design and each chewing-rest procedure was repeated five times for 30s. @*Results@#The brain regions activated during chewing gum and wood stick were the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, thalamus cerebellum. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, and precuneus were additionally activated by mastication of the wood stick. Brain activation induced by chewing wood stick was higher than chewing gum. @*Conclusions@#Our results suggest that mastication contribute to cognitive improvement through brain activity, this effect is stronger during chewing wood than gum. Therefore, eating harder foods may improve cognitive function more effectively.
摘要
Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to identify whether stress experienced by those working in the local civil service was related to their oral health during the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Methods@#A survey was conducted on 431 civil servants from eight districts, currently working in the Daegu City Hall had COVID-19 related work duties during the pandemic. @*Results@#Several factors associated with oral health related quality of life were explored. Demographic details revealed that men had significantly better oral health related life quality as compared to women; further, being younger, being unmarried, and having a lower position had better outcomes for oral health related quality of life. Regarding the relationship between oral health behavior and oral health related quality of life, it was found that the better the subjective oral health, the higher the rate of not visiting the dentist in the past year. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a particularly important time to explore in order to understand how the stress experienced by local government officials is related to their oral health. It has been especially noted that the higher the work stress, the worse the oral health related quality of life amongst individuals. @*Conclusions@#Results of this study emphasize that at a time when fatigue among civil servants is increasing due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, oral conditions caused by stress should be identified and greater awareness should be created about oral health care.
摘要
OBJECTIVES@#To estimate the prevalence of edentulism according to the socio-demographic variables of Korean adults between 2007 and 2018 and to analyze the trends. @*METHODS@#This study was conducted using raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Edentulism was defined as the absence of upper and lower teeth or the retained root of the missing teeth. To obtain the prevalence of edentulism, complex sample frequency analysis and regression analysis were performed according to the socio-demographic variables to represent the national population. The Korean population structure in 2005 was exploited as a standard population to calculate age-standardized edentulism. @*RESULTS@#The prevalence of edentulism in 2016-2018 was 9.7% in the Korean elderly, and the change of age-standardized edentulism steadily declined over time from 2007, 12.8%. In particular, it decreased by approximately 20% in the period between 2016 and 2018 compared to that in 2007 for those in their 80s. The trend of the prevalence according to gender decreased significantly in women. According to the level of education, the greatest decrease was seen in the group with the lowest education, although the prevalence itself was higher than that seen in those who were more educated. @*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of edentulism among the older Korean population has decreased over time. However, the concern is on those with lower education and men as these groups are still at higher risk for edentulism.
摘要
OBJECTIVES@#To estimate the prevalence of edentulism according to the socio-demographic variables of Korean adults between 2007 and 2018 and to analyze the trends. @*METHODS@#This study was conducted using raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Edentulism was defined as the absence of upper and lower teeth or the retained root of the missing teeth. To obtain the prevalence of edentulism, complex sample frequency analysis and regression analysis were performed according to the socio-demographic variables to represent the national population. The Korean population structure in 2005 was exploited as a standard population to calculate age-standardized edentulism. @*RESULTS@#The prevalence of edentulism in 2016-2018 was 9.7% in the Korean elderly, and the change of age-standardized edentulism steadily declined over time from 2007, 12.8%. In particular, it decreased by approximately 20% in the period between 2016 and 2018 compared to that in 2007 for those in their 80s. The trend of the prevalence according to gender decreased significantly in women. According to the level of education, the greatest decrease was seen in the group with the lowest education, although the prevalence itself was higher than that seen in those who were more educated. @*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of edentulism among the older Korean population has decreased over time. However, the concern is on those with lower education and men as these groups are still at higher risk for edentulism.
摘要
Objectives@#With the surge in the elderly population, a growing interest in the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases has been observed, along with awareness of the severity of problems associated with dementia, a cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between chewing ability and cognitive function among elderly people residing in a rural area. @*Methods@#A total of 162 elderly individuals, aged between 65 and 97 years, were surveyed. Trained examiners conducted interviews and assessments of chewing ability, on the basis of the number of remaining teeth, denture status, masticatory performance evaluating gum, ShadeEye-NCC measuring overall change in color of the gum (ΔE), and T-Scan® III analyzing distribution of occlusion patterns. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) tool. @*Results@#Participants with a low score in the MMSE-DS were found to have distinguishably lower denture need, smaller number of remaining teeth, and lesser color change in the masticatory performance evaluating gum. In the cognitive impairment group, a tendency of having unilateral and anterior occlusion led to occlusal discomfort and chewing difficulties. @*Conclusions@#The study highlights important associations between chewing ability and cognitive function. The finding corroborates that tooth loss may be a predictive risk factor for cognitive impairment.
摘要
Objectives@#The aim of this study is to identify the factors related to re-visit intentions of patients who had visited the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled currently operating in Korea. @*Methods@#A self-developed questionnaire (29 items) was distributed among 1,000 randomly selected patients and their guardians who had visited one of the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled, with a consent. Consequently, 874 questionnaires were collected and analysed for statistics using SPSS 25.0. @*Results@#The patients traveled a long distance to visit the oral health care centers because of their specialization for the disabled. With the level of satisfaction with dentist services, dental hygienist services, and facilities increasing, the re-visit intention proportionally rose. @*Conclusions@#This study presents basic data that provides information on the operation of 10 oral health care centers for the disabled. It is imperative to develop a more structured questionnaire, and conduct an annual survey of the disabled visiting the centers.
摘要
Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the genotype distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the main cause of periodontal disease, according to smoking status. @*Methods@#Two hundred thirty adults with periodontal disease were selected as subjects and were classified into either a smoking or non-smoking group. Smoking behavior was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire, and subgingival plaque was collected and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to confirm the P. gingivalis genotype. For statistical analysis, SPSS Ver 25.0 was used. @*Results@#P. gingivalis was expressed in 224 subjects (97.4%), and there was no difference in its expression rate according to smoking. However, there was a significant difference in smoking in type III genotype and smoking period in type II genotype with P. gingivalis (P=0.003). @*Conclusions@#Although smoking was not related to the overall distribution of P. gingivalis, increased volume and duration may inhibit the expression of type II and type III genotypes.
摘要
Objectives@#With the surge in the elderly population, a growing interest in the prevention and treatment of geriatric diseases has been observed, along with awareness of the severity of problems associated with dementia, a cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between chewing ability and cognitive function among elderly people residing in a rural area. @*Methods@#A total of 162 elderly individuals, aged between 65 and 97 years, were surveyed. Trained examiners conducted interviews and assessments of chewing ability, on the basis of the number of remaining teeth, denture status, masticatory performance evaluating gum, ShadeEye-NCC measuring overall change in color of the gum (ΔE), and T-Scan® III analyzing distribution of occlusion patterns. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) tool. @*Results@#Participants with a low score in the MMSE-DS were found to have distinguishably lower denture need, smaller number of remaining teeth, and lesser color change in the masticatory performance evaluating gum. In the cognitive impairment group, a tendency of having unilateral and anterior occlusion led to occlusal discomfort and chewing difficulties. @*Conclusions@#The study highlights important associations between chewing ability and cognitive function. The finding corroborates that tooth loss may be a predictive risk factor for cognitive impairment.
摘要
Objectives@#The aim of this study is to identify the factors related to re-visit intentions of patients who had visited the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled currently operating in Korea. @*Methods@#A self-developed questionnaire (29 items) was distributed among 1,000 randomly selected patients and their guardians who had visited one of the 10 oral health care centers for the disabled, with a consent. Consequently, 874 questionnaires were collected and analysed for statistics using SPSS 25.0. @*Results@#The patients traveled a long distance to visit the oral health care centers because of their specialization for the disabled. With the level of satisfaction with dentist services, dental hygienist services, and facilities increasing, the re-visit intention proportionally rose. @*Conclusions@#This study presents basic data that provides information on the operation of 10 oral health care centers for the disabled. It is imperative to develop a more structured questionnaire, and conduct an annual survey of the disabled visiting the centers.
摘要
Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the genotype distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the main cause of periodontal disease, according to smoking status. @*Methods@#Two hundred thirty adults with periodontal disease were selected as subjects and were classified into either a smoking or non-smoking group. Smoking behavior was assessed with a self-administered questionnaire, and subgingival plaque was collected and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to confirm the P. gingivalis genotype. For statistical analysis, SPSS Ver 25.0 was used. @*Results@#P. gingivalis was expressed in 224 subjects (97.4%), and there was no difference in its expression rate according to smoking. However, there was a significant difference in smoking in type III genotype and smoking period in type II genotype with P. gingivalis (P=0.003). @*Conclusions@#Although smoking was not related to the overall distribution of P. gingivalis, increased volume and duration may inhibit the expression of type II and type III genotypes.
摘要
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, through alternative splicing of its Cterminal region, generates several PML isoforms that interact with specific partners and perform distinct functions. The PML protein is a tumor suppressor that plays an important role by interacting with various proteins. Herein, we investigated the effect of the PML isoforms on oncostatin M (OSM)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcriptional activity. PML influenced OSMinduced STAT-3 activity in a cell type-specific manner, which was dependent on the p53 status of the cells but regardless of PML isoform. Interestingly, overexpression of PML exerted opposite effects on OSM-induced STAT-3 activity in p53 wild-type and mutant cells. Specifically, overexpression of PML in the cell lines bearing wild-type p53 (NIH3T3 and U87-MG cells) decreased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity, whereas overexpression of PML increased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity in mutant p53-bearing cell lines (HEK293T and U251-MG cells). When wild-type p53 cells were co-transfected with PML-IV and R273H-p53 mutant, OSM-mediated STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly enhanced, compared to that of cells which were transfected with PML-IV alone; however, when cells bearing mutant p53 were co-transfected with PML-IV and wild-type p53, OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly decreased, compared to that of transfected cells with PML-IV alone. In conclusion, PML acts together with wild-type or mutant p53 and influences OSM-mediated STAT-3 activity in a negative or positive manner, resulting in the aberrant activation of STAT-3 in cancer cells bearing mutant p53 probably might occur through the interaction of mutant p53 with PML.
摘要
Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, through alternative splicing of its Cterminal region, generates several PML isoforms that interact with specific partners and perform distinct functions. The PML protein is a tumor suppressor that plays an important role by interacting with various proteins. Herein, we investigated the effect of the PML isoforms on oncostatin M (OSM)-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcriptional activity. PML influenced OSMinduced STAT-3 activity in a cell type-specific manner, which was dependent on the p53 status of the cells but regardless of PML isoform. Interestingly, overexpression of PML exerted opposite effects on OSM-induced STAT-3 activity in p53 wild-type and mutant cells. Specifically, overexpression of PML in the cell lines bearing wild-type p53 (NIH3T3 and U87-MG cells) decreased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity, whereas overexpression of PML increased OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity in mutant p53-bearing cell lines (HEK293T and U251-MG cells). When wild-type p53 cells were co-transfected with PML-IV and R273H-p53 mutant, OSM-mediated STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly enhanced, compared to that of cells which were transfected with PML-IV alone; however, when cells bearing mutant p53 were co-transfected with PML-IV and wild-type p53, OSM-induced STAT-3 transcriptional activity was significantly decreased, compared to that of transfected cells with PML-IV alone. In conclusion, PML acts together with wild-type or mutant p53 and influences OSM-mediated STAT-3 activity in a negative or positive manner, resulting in the aberrant activation of STAT-3 in cancer cells bearing mutant p53 probably might occur through the interaction of mutant p53 with PML.
摘要
Objectives@#Periodontitis-causing microorganisms and their virulence factors can provoke periodontal destruction in the host. This study was aimed at evaluating the distribution of periodontal disease and its relationship with 11 periodontal disease-causing bacteria in the elderly. @*Methods@#Individuals aged 60 years or above were recruited after obtaining informed consent. The clinical attachment loss was measured at studied sites to determine the severity of periodontitis. Further, the stimulated salivary samples were collected and analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect 11 strains of periodontitis-causing bacteria. @*Results@#The severity of periodontal disease was proportional to the amount of periodontal diseasecausing bacteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis in the red complex increased from 6.60±5.50 in stage 1 to 5.36±5.39 in stage 2 and 7.19±5.56 in stage 3 (P=0.003). Tannerella forsythia increased from 6.54±4.60 in stage 1 to 7.44±4.56 in stage 2 and 8.49±4.70 in stage 3 (P=0.007). @*Conclusions@#The presence of complex bacterial groups and their number of strains were high in participants with severe periodontitis. Controlling periodontitis-related bacteria is important for periodontal health in the elderly.