摘要
【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among blood donors in Wuhan urban agglomeration, aimed at providing data support for the development of HEV screening strategies for blood donors. 【Methods】 A total of 3 329 blood samples were collected from four centralized testing areas (Ezhou, Tianmen, Xiantao and Qianjiang) and screened at Wuhan Blood Center from January to December 2021. Among them, 2 737 were eligible blood samples with normal ALT (ALT normal group) and 592 were with elevated ALT (ALT elevated group). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV-Ag, and Real-time PCR was used to perform single HEV RNA detection on blood samples with elevated ALT and normal ALT anti-HEV IgM+ blood samples. A two-sided Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the differences in the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM in different regions and ALT groups. 【Results】 The overall positive rates of anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM, and HEV-Ag in 3 329 blood samples from four regions were 21.63%, 1.29%, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG among blood donors in different regions (P<0.05). The highest positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was found in Tianmen 29.44% (136/462), followed by Qianjiang 22.69% (236/1 040), Xiantao 22.66% (230/1 015), and Ezhou 14.53% (118/812). The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM in blood samples with elevated ALT were significantly higher than that in normal ALT samples (25.68% vs 20.75%, 2.53% vs 1.02%, both P<0.05). However, none of the samples was HEV RNA positive. 【Conclusion】 HEV is prevalent among blood donors in Wuhan urban agglomeration with extremely low current infection rates, and the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG serum varies among different regions. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in blood donors with elevated ALT is significantly higher than that in normal ALT donors.
摘要
【Objective】 To establish and verify a new nucleic acid extraction method for OBI detection with large volume and high sensitivity, and apply it in the quantitative determination of OBI samples with low viral load. 【Methods】 The method for nucleic acid extraction with large volume was established based on the method of Roche nucleic acid detection kit. HBV standards were configured into 10 000 IU/mL, 1 000 IU/mL, 100 IU/mL, 10 IU/mL and 1 IU/mL respectively, and nucleic acid was extracted from the 10 mL standards by magnetic beads. CT values of each concentration were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and each concentration gradient was detected in parallel duplicates. The logarithm of virus concentration was taken as the X-axis and the average CT values of two tests were taken as the Y-axis to construct the fluorescence quantitative standard curve and regression equation. Three repeated experiments were conducted to verify the stability of the method. This method was used to extract nucleic acid from OBI samples with low viral load, and fluorescence quantification was performed. 【Results】 The amplification efficiency of fluorescence quantitative standard curves ranged from 90% to 105%, and the regression equation was greater than 0.99. The variation coefficients of variation of CT values were 0.63%, 0.78%, 1.52%, 1.36% and 0.78%, respectively. This method can extract nucleic acid from OBI samples with viral load of 1 IU/mL for quantification. 【Conclusion】 The detection limit of HBV nucleic acid quantitative detection system can reach 1 IU/mL, and it has strong stability and high sensitivity, which can be used for the quantitative detection of OBI with low viral load.
摘要
【Objective】 To analyze the correlation between the distribution interval of minipool nucleic acid testing(NAT) positive CT value and the resolution rate, so as to improve the retest model and reduce residual risk of blood transfusion. 【Methods】 The resolution testing results by Cobas S201 system of our blood center from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospective analyzed, and the retest model was developed based on the distribution interval of CT values. For minipool NAT HBV positive samples from March 2022 to March 2023, synchronous detection was conducted by Cobas S201 and Panther detection system, and the detection results were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2021, 474 were minipool NAT positive, among which 324 were HBV positive, accounting for 68.35%. From 2017 to 2020, the proportion of HBV positive per year was significantly higher than that of HCV and HIV(P40, with the resolution rate at 95.8%, 56.5% and 14.8% respectively(P40, 36
摘要
A 11-year old female patient with severe thalassemia, receipt a lentivirus-based cell and gene therapy (CGT) therapy in Shenzhen Children′s Hosptial on July 27th, 2021. At the two follow-up visits after discharge, patient were continuously tested positive for HIV screening through HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (chemiluminescence Immunoassay), and the viral load results of HIV-1 nucleic acid testing (NAT) were both>5 000 copies/ml. The patient can be diagnosed with HIV infection according to the National Guideline for Detection of HIV/AIDS(2020 Revised Edition). The thorough investigation findings and supplementary experiment results indicated that the false-positive HIV-1 NAT results was caused by cross-reactivity between the target sites detected by conventional HIV-1 NAT reagents and the lentiviral vectors fragments integrated into the genome of patient′s hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In conclusion, it is important for laboratories to select appropriate HIV-1 NAT testing platforms which won′t cause cross-reactivity for the testing of samples from patients who have been treated with HIV-derived vectors. It is also recommended to design and develop NAT testing platforms with multiple target regions labeled by different fluorescents for HIV NAT supplementation experiment to reduce the risk of false-positive diagnoses of HIV infection.
摘要
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and the use of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） therapy in cancer patients with COVID-19， and to provide reference for making TCM prevention and treatment strategies and determining diagnosis and treatment priorities for patients with malignant tumors in the COVID-19 epidemic. MethodsThe medical records of 225 malignant tumor cases with COVID-19 who were admitted to 7 national research centers from January 1st to 20th， 2023 were retrospectively collected， and the main symptoms and duration after infection， nucleic acid negative conversion time， use of TCM therapy， and changes in adverse reactions after resuming anti-tumor treatment were analyzed. ResultsA total of 222 malignant tumor patients with COVID-19 were included in the analysis， involving 205 mild cases and 17 moderate cases. The top four most frequently reported clinical symptoms were fever （165 cases）， expectoration or dry cough （99 cases）， decreased appetite （95 cases） and fatigue （85 cases）， of which 40 expectoration or dry cough cases ， 37 fatigue cases and 29 decreased appetite cases lasted for more than 14 days. One hundred and five patients with nucleic acid detection report had a median negative conversion time of 14 days. The nucleic acid negative conversion time was significantly longer in patients with lung cancer compared to those with digestive system malignant tumors， and in those with myelosuppression than those without （P＜0.01）. During the infection period， 47.30% （105/222） of the patients used Chinese patent medicine， and 21.17% （47/222） were treated with herbal decoctions. The use of TCM in patients during the prevention and rehabilitation period， was 1.80%（4/222） and 7.21%（16/222）， respectively. Fifty-five patients resumed anti-tumor treatment after nucleic acid negative conversion， and received TCM simultaneously. Observed adverse reactions， including gastrointestinal reactions， bone marrow suppression， and neurotoxicity， were all grade 1 to 2， and no new adverse events occurred during follow-up. ConclusionCertain malignant tumor patients with COVID-19 had prolonged symptoms and nucleic acid negative conversion time Rational use of TCM can help to promote the rehabilitation of the patients and ensure the smooth process of anti-tumor treatment after infection.
摘要
@#Objective To explore a method for detecting the integrity of target nucleic acid in recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV),and establish a preliminary analysis algorithm.Methods The free DNA fragment of rAAV was digested,and the virus genome was extracted.Five pairs of overlapping primers were designed,using the orthogonal array method,which were detected by digital PCR respectively,with conventional conditions:20 μL reaction system with EveGreen and4 μL template,and digital PCR conditions:95 ℃ 5 min;95 ℃ 15 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 90 s for 45 cycles.The enhancement condition of ultra-long nucleic acid fragment was 25 μL reaction system with Mix B-2 000 bp and 2 μL template,and the quantitative analysis was performed by using the software attached to the instrument.Using the least square method,the number of full-length fragments was fitted and analyzed,and then the integrity distribution of target nucleic acid was interpreted.Results The fragments with the distance between primers of no more than 1 200 nt were amplified effectively,and a series of effective copies of fragments with a length of about 1 000 nt were obtained by systematic analysis.The copy number of common fragments was fitted and analyzed by the least square method.It was estimated that the full-length fragments in the sample were no more than 1 234 copies/μL,and there was a signficant difference(P < 0.05)between this value and the maximum measured value of 1 443 copies/μL,with the difference of approximately 16.9%.Conclusion A preliminary detection method for the integrity of target nucleic acid in rAAV has been developed,and a certain amount of incomplete target nucleic acids were analyzed in the test sample,laying a foundation for further in-depth research.
摘要
To address the throughput limitations of digital nucleic acid analysis,a tricolor combination-based droplet coding technique was developed to achieve multiplex digital nucleic acid analysis with flexible throughput expansibility.To improve the analysis efficiency,a machine learning-based method was further developed for automatic decoding of color-coded droplet array.The machine learning algorithm empowered the computer program to automatically extract the color-position-quantity information of the droplets.By correlating this color-position-quantity of droplets before and after nucleic acid amplification,the proportion of positive droplets for each target was rapidly determined.This droplet decoding strategy was applied to multiplex digital nucleic acid analysis.The experimental results demonstrated that this droplet decoding method was fast and accurate,with a decoding process completed within 2 min.Furthermore,the droplet identification accuracy exceeded 99%.Additionally,the obtained nucleic acid quantification results exhibited a good correlation(R2＞0.99)with those reported by a commercial digital PCR instrument.
摘要
The CRISPR/Cas system consists of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated genes (Cas). The system forms an adaptive immune system in archaea and bacteria. The inherent defense mechanism enables these microorganisms to protect themselves against the invasion of foreign genetic material. The system functions of immune response including three main stages: adaptation, expression/maturation, and interference, each stage needs specific Cas proteins encoded by Cas gene located near the CRISPR sequences, along with other auxiliary proteins. In 2015, Zhang et al. reportedCas12a (Cpf1) as a member of the Class II type V CRISPR/Cas12a system, which possesses endonuclease activity. This finding holds great promise for its application in the field of biotechnology. In 2018, Doudna’s team first applied the CRISPR/Cas12a system for detecting HPV nucleic acid. The system comprises the following essential components in vitro detection: Cas12a, the crRNA sequence complementary to the target DNA, the PAM sequence, and the ssDNA reporter. Cas12a possesses a typical RuvC domain, displaying a canonical bilobed architecture that consists of a recognition (REC) lobe and a nuclease (NUC) lobe. The REC lobe contains the REC1 and REC2 domains, and the NUC lobe includes RuvC, PAM-interacting (PI), Wedge (WED), and bridge helix (BH) domains. The mature crRNA for Cas12a has a length of 42-44 nt, consists of repeat sequence (19/20 nt) and spacer sequence (23-25 nt). The crRNA spacer sequence has been found to require a length of 18 nt to achieve complete cleavage activity in vitro. Additionally, mutation in the bases of crRNA can indeed affect the activity of Cas12a. The PAM sequence plays a critical role in the recognition and degradation of DNA by the CRISPR/Cas system, enabling the system to distinguish between self and non-self genomic materials. Cas12a can effectively target the spacer sequence downstream of a T-rich PAM sequence at the 5' end. LbCas12a and AsCas12a both recognize the PAM sequences of 5'-TTTN-3', while FnCas12a recognizes the PAM sequences of 5'-TTN-3'. All of these PAM sequences are located upstream on the non-template strand (NTS) at the 5' end. Cas12a (Cpf1), guided by the crRNA, binds to the target DNA by recognizing the PAM sequence. It exhibits the ability to induce arbitrary cleavage of ssDNA within the system while cleaving the target ssDNA or dsDNA. According to this feature, an array of nucleic acid detection methods has been developed for tumor detection and infection diagnostics, such as the DETECTR (RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a method) and HOLMES (PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a method) in 2018. Then, in 2019, Cas12aVDet (one-step detection method), where Cas12a protein was immobilized on the upper wall of the reaction tube. This not only prevented contamination from opening the tube but also reduced the detection reaction time. In 2021, the dWS-CRISPR (digital warm-start CRISPR) was developed as a one-pot detection method. It serves as an accurate approach for quantitatively detectingSARS-CoV-2 in clinical specimens. With the innovation of scientific technology, the high-sensitivity signal transduction technology has also been integrated with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, enabling direct detection of nucleic acids, and eliminating the need for nucleic acid amplification steps. Here, we elaborated the detection principles of CRISPR/Cas12a in in vitro detection. We discussed the different stages leading to the catalytic pathway of target DNA, and the practical applications of Cas12a in nucleic acid detection. These findings revealed a target interference mechanism that originates from the binding of Cas12a-guided RNA complex to complementary DNA sequences within PAM-dependent (dsDNA) regions. The crRNA-DNA binding activates Cas12a, enabling site-specific dsDNA cleavage and non-specific ssDNA trans-cleavage. The release of Cas12a ssDNase activity provides a novel approach to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostic applications. Before these CRISPR/Cas12a-based nucleic acid detection methods can be introduced into clinical use, substantial work is still required to ensure the accuracy of diagnosis. Nevertheless, we believe that these innovative detection tools based on CRISPR/Cas will revolutionize future diagnostic technologies, particularly offering significant assistance in pathogen infection diagnosis for developing countries with relatively poor healthcare conditions and high prevalence of infectious diseases.
摘要
@#Abstract: In recent years, the field of nucleic acid therapeutics has been flourishing, progressively establishing itself as the third generation of drug modalities following small molecules and antibody-based drugs. Artificial intelligence technology based on machine learning is advancing rapidly, which can significantly accelerate the development process of nucleic acid therapeutics. This review provides an overview of the foundational aspects of artificial intelligence algorithms, databases, and characterizations in the field of nucleic acid drug development. It elucidates the advances in the application of artificial intelligence in nucleic acid structural prediction, small nucleic acid drug design, and other research and development phases of nucleic acid therapeutics, aiming to offer some reference for the interdisciplinary development of artificial intelligence and nucleic acid drugs.
摘要
The detection principle of microfluidic microfluidic technology was introduced.The current research status of microfluidic platform-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection technologies were reviewed such as reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),digital PCR,isothermal amplification and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein.The deficiencies of microfluidic platform-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection were analyzed.It's pointed out microfluidic platform-based SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection had to be optimized and validated clinically in specialty,sensitivity,detection limit,reproducibility,informatization,quality control and reagent cost.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):101-107]
摘要
CRISPR/Cas system, an adaptive immune system with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, may interfere with exogenous nucleic acids and protect prokaryotes from external damages, is an effective gene editing and nucleic acid detection tools. The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely applied in virology and bacteriology; however, there is relatively less knowledge about the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in parasitic diseases. The review summarizes the mechanisms of action of the CRISPR/Cas system and provides a comprehensive overview of their application in gene editing and nucleic acid detection of parasitic diseases, so as to provide insights into future studies on parasitic diseases.
摘要
Objective@#To monitor the prevelance of Neisseria meningitidis among healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 in Anhui Province, so as to provide support for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis prevention and control.@*Methods@#From September to October in 2021 and 2022, 4 033 healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 were selected by stratified random sampling from Anhui Province, including areas north of the Yangtze River (Bozhou, Fuyang, Bengbu, Huainan, Chuzhou, Hefei) and areas south of the Yangtze River (Wuhu, Maanshan, Tongling, Anqing, Chizhou, Xuancheng) and the secretions of children and adolescents were collected from the posterior pharyngeal wall above the uvula, and the strains were identified by bacterial culture and nucleic acid detection. McNemar test and Kappa consistency test were used for statistical analysis. Chisquare test and Chisquare trend test were used to compare the rates.@*Results@#The carrier rates of Neisseria meningitidis were 0.47% and 1.07%, respectively. The sensitivity of nucleic acid detection was higher. Among the detected bacteria, group B accounted for the largest proportion of 76.74%. It was followed by group C (4.65%), group Y (4.65%), group W 135 (2.33%) and group X (2.33%). The bacteria bearing rate of male students was higher than that of female students (χ2=11.44); with the increase of age, the bacteria bearing rate of children and adolescents showed an increasing trend (χ2trend=42.69); the bacterial bearing rate of children and adolescents in the north of the Yangtze River was higher than that in the south of the Yangtze River (χ2=23.19); the bacteria bearing rate of children and adolescents without immune history was higher than that with immune history (χ2=11.02)(P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Neisseria meningitidis group B has become an epidemic strain in Anhui Province, and senior children and adolescents have become the key population of epidemic prevention and control. It is necessary to continue to do a good job in the surveillance of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis disease and focuse on group B disease cases, so as to prevent the occurrence of cluster outbreaks in schools.
摘要
ABSTRACT Introduction: In Brazil, the blood donor screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) includes laboratory testing for serological (HBsAg and Anti-HBc) and molecular (HBV DNA) markers. This study aims to correlate serology reactive results with HBV DNA detection among blood donors with at least one HBV infection marker detected in a blood bank in northern Brazil. Method: A retrospective search for HBV reactive blood donor data from January 2017 to December 2019 was performed. Serological screening was performed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays Architect HBsAg and Architect Anti-HBc, whereas molecular screening was performed by the HBV nucleic acid test (HBV NAT). Main results: A total of 556 HBsAg reactive results were detected, between positive (47.66%) and inconclusive (52.34%). A total of 3,658 Anti-HBc reactive results were detected, between positive (83.71%) and inconclusive (16.29%). None of the inconclusive results were associated with HBV DNA detection. The HBV DNA detection rates were 47.55% among HBsAg positive samples and 4.08% among Anti-HBc positive samples. The signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) ratio median of HBV NAT positive samples was superior in comparison to HBV NAT negative samples (p < 0.0001). The thresholds found to optimize sensitivity and specificity were 404.15 for Architect HBsAg and 7.77 for Architect Anti-HBc. Three blood donors were in the window period and 1 occult HBV infection case was detected. Conclusion: High S/CO ratios were more predictive of HBV DNA detection. However, a number of HBV NAT positive samples gave low values, while some HBV NAT negative samples showed high values, reaffirming the significance of molecular testing to enhance transfusion safety.
摘要
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is still a major public health concern around the world. Prompt detection of active tuberculosis cases helps in timely therapeutic intervention and reduces community transmission. Despite limited sensitivity, conventional microscopy is still used to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in high-burden nations such as India. This study, therefore, was aimed at assessing the diagnostic performance of microscopy by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) and auramine (AO) staining in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and methods: A prospective comparative study was done on the sputum samples of 2,395 adult patients from November 2018 to May 2020 suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis visiting the Designated Microscopic Centre of SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram. Each sample was subjected to ZN staining, and AO staining as per NTEP guidelines. Results: Out of the 2,395 samples studied, 161 (6.76%) and 224 (9.35%) were positive by ZN and AO staining methods respectively. Pauci-bacillary cases detected by AO were more than ZN staining. There were 63 more sputum samples detected by AO staining which were missed by ZN microscopy. Conclusion: When compared to conventional ZN staining, the auramine staining technique is more sensitive and takes less time to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis
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Backgroung: Brazil was slow to implement an expanded testing policy for COVID-19, which may have affected the most vulnerable population's access to testing services.Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with performing the molecular test for COVID-19.Methods: cross-sectional study of secondary data from the COVID-19 panel in the state of Espírito Santo. COVID-19 suspicion notification forms were included between September 11, 2020 and March 2, 2021. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI95%).Results: 419,771 notification forms were analyzed. The prevalence of performing the molecular teste for COVID-19 was 81.1% (CI95% 81.0-81.2). Elderly (OR= 2.70 CI95% 2.56-2.85), health professional (OR=1 .43 CI95% 1.36-1.50), chronic cardiovascular disease (OR=1.13 CI95% 1.09-1.17), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.07 CI95% 1.01- 1.14) and hospitalization (OR=5.95 CI95% 4.53;7.82) were more likely to have undergone the molecular test. Male sex (OR=0.96 CI95% 0.94-0.98), black skin color (OR=0.75 CI95% 0.73-0.78), yellow skin color (OR=0.74 CI95% 0.71-0.77), residing in the northern health region (OR=0.37 CI95% 0.36-0.39) and the homeless population (OR=0.76 CI95% 0.67-0.85) had the lowest chance of having undergone the molecular test.Conclusion: Social, economic, contextual factors and the risk of aggravation of the disease were associated with carrying out the molecular test for COVID-19 in the state of Espírito Santo. Actions are needed to guarantee the access of the most vulnerable population to molecular testing.
Introdução: o Brasil demorou a implementar uma política de testagem ampliada para COVID-19 no qual pode ter afetado o acesso da população mais vulnerável aos serviços de testagem.Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à realização de testes moleculares para o diagnóstico da COVID-19.Método: estudo transversal de dados secundários do painel COVID-19 do estado do Espírito Santo. Foram incluídas fichas de notificação de suspeita de COVID-19 entre 11 de setembro de 2020 a 02 de março de 2021. Empregou-se regressão logística hierárquica para estimativa de razão de chances (odds ratio, OR) com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%).Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 419.771 fichas de notificação. A prevalência da realização do teste molecular para COVID-19 foi 81,1 % (IC95% 81,0%;81,2%). Idosos (OR= 2,70 IC95% 2,56-2,85), profissional da saúde (OR=1,43 IC95% 1,36-1,50), doença cardiovascular crônica (OR=1,13 IC95% 1,09-1,17), diabetes mellitus (OR=1,07 IC95% 1,01-1,14) e hospitalização (OR=5,95 IC95% 4,53;7,82) apresentaram maior chance de ter realizado o teste molecular. Sexo masculino (OR=0,96 IC95% 0,94-0,98), cor da pele preta (OR= 0,75 IC95% 0,73-0,78), cor da pele amarela (OR=0,74 IC95% 0,71-0,77), residir na região norte de saúde (OR=0,37 IC95% 0,36-0,39) e a população em situação de rua (OR=0,76 IC95% 0,67-0,85) apresentaram a menor chance de ter realizado o teste molecular.Conclusão: Fatores sociais, econômicos e o risco de agravamento da doença foram associados a realização do teste molecular para COVID-19 no estado do Espírito Santo. É necessário ações que garantam o acesso da população mais vulnerável ao teste molecular.
摘要
Abstract Objective The present study aims to highlight the significance of the nucleic acid test (NAT) for musculoskeletal tissue donation and to compare the sensitivity of this test on the different available platforms. Method The present study is a retrospective survey in a human tissue bank database and an integrative literature review encompassing the last 10 years. The PubMed portal and the SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were queried for articles. Results We found no specific studies on the use and sensitivity of NAT in braindead tissue donors. The information presented in the present study consists of specific contents intended for the Brazilian Blood Transfusion Network (Hemorrede Transfusional Nacional, in Portuguese) and internal retrospective data from a tissue bank located at a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Conclusions The NAT is effective in blood samples from living patients. However, since biochemical reactions in braindead patients can be different, specific research, platforms, or both are crucial to tissue banks.
Resumo Objetivo Evidenciar a importância da realização do teste de ácido nucleico (NAT, na sigla em inglês) para doação de tecidos musculoesqueléticos, assim como comparar a sensibilidade deste exame nas diferentes plataformas existentes no mercado. Método Trata-se de um levantamento retrospectivo no banco de dados de um determinado Banco de Tecidos Humanos e de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, operacionalizada nos últimos 10 anos. As buscas de artigos ocorreram no portal PubMed e nas bases de dados SCOPUS, CINAHL e Web of Science. Resultados Não foram encontrados estudos específicos sobre a utilização e a sensibilidade do exame NAT em pacientes doadores de tecidos com morte encefálica (ME), sendo as informações apresentadas no presente estudo conteúdos específicos destinados à Hemorrede Transfusional Nacional e aos dados retrospectivos internos de um Banco de Tecidos do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Conclusões O exame NAT se apresenta efetivo em amostras de sangue de pacientes vivos. Porém, reações bioquímicas em pacientes com condições de ME podem se apresentar de formas diferenciadas, tornando-se indispensáveis a realização de pesquisas específicas e/ou a indicação de plataformas aos Bancos de Tecidos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nucleic Acids , Donor Selection摘要
The spread, prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection and the potential risks and uncertainties of novel coronavirus transmission from donor to recipient have brought serious impacts and great challenges to organ donation and transplantation. There is increasing evidence that the use of non-pulmonary organs (kidney, liver and heart) from novel coronavirus infected donors carries a low risk of transmission, regardless of whether they were symptomatic at the time of acquisition. Delaying organ donation after the death of those who are positive for novel coronavirus antigen or nucleic acid testing, and then waiting until turns negative, will result in the discarding of a significant number of organs that are medically suitable for transplantation. In order to maximally meet the demand for transplantation in patients with end-stage organ failure, Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts formulated the "Expert consensus on organ donation from patients infected with novel coronavirus in China" after citizen' s death by taking into account the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus infection in China and the clinical practice of organ donation and transplantation, and by referring to relevant research results and clinical research evidence at home and abroad. It aims to provide recommendations and references for the procurement and application of donor organs from patients infected with novel coronavirus.
摘要
Due to long-term use of immunosuppressive agents, solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) belong to high-risk populations of multiple pathogenic infection, including SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SOTR are constantly complicated by chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, etc. After infected with SARS-CoV-2, the critically ill rate and fatality of SOTR are higher than those of the general population, which captivates widespread attention from experts in the field of organ transplantation. Omicrone variant is currently the significant pandemic strain worldwide, rapidly spreading to more than 100 countries worldwide and causing broad concern. According to the latest international guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and relevant expert consensus in China combined with current domestic situation of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and China's "diagnosis and treatment regimen for SARS-CoV-2 infection (Trial Version 10)", the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and prognosis, diagnosis, clinical classification and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection were briefly reviewed.
摘要
@#By regulating gene expression, nucleic acid drugs functioning in the cytoplasm or nucleus are of great significance in the treatment of acquired or inherited diseases and vaccine development.A variety of nucleic acid delivery vectors currently developed are suffering from low transfection efficiency due to endosome/lysosome entrapment.This paper introduces and summarizes the nucleic acid delivery strategies that bypass the endosomal/lysosomal pathway, including membrane translocation, membrane fusion, receptor/transporter-mediated non-endocytic uptake and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and discusses the problems and challenges facing such strategies, aiming to facilitate the development of intracellular delivery of nucleic acid drugs bypassing lysosomal pathway.
摘要
Rapid, sensitive and specific detection tools are critical for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The in vitro nucleic acid amplification assays, including polymerase chain reaction and isothermal amplification technology, have been widely used for the detection of pathogens. Recently, nucleic acid detection-based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) have been developed, which are rapid, highly sensitive, highly specific, and portable. This review describes the classification and principle of CRISPR/Cas systems and their applications in pathogen detection, and discusses the prospects of CRISPR/Cas systems.