摘要
Objective To investigate the clinical value of thyroid globulin antibody(TgAb)and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods A total of 346 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent surgical treatment in the hospital from August 2012 to October 2021 were selected as the research objects.According to the postoperative pathologi-cal results,the patients were divided into the benign nodule group,PTMC group and non-micro papillary thy-roid carcinoma(PTC)group.The general data of the patients and thyroid function indexes[free triiodothyro-nine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),TgAb and TPOAb]before and after operation were collected,the tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis after operation were ob-served,and the relationship between serum TgAb and TPOAb and the risk and prognosis of PTMC was ana-lyzed.Results The positivity rate of TgAb in the PTMC and non-micro PTC groups was significantly higher than that in the benign nodule group(P<0.05).The TPOAb positivity rate was not significantly different among the three groups(P>0.05).Only the TSH level in the PTMC group was higher than that in the non-micro PTC group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that younger age,higher TSH and positive TgAb were independent risk factors for PTMC and non-micro PTC(P<0.05).However,the risk of PTC didn't increase with increasing TgAb titres.The positivity rate of TgAb in the PTMC and non-micro PTC groups didn't change significantly within one month after operation,but decreased in one year after operation(P<0.05).The TPOAb positivity rate decreased after operation,but the difference was not statistically sig-nificant(P>0.05).In the PTMC group,four cases had tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis,and the TgAb level increased by 88.4%,49.5%,5.7%and 84.0%respectively when the tumor recurred or metasta-sized.Among them,the TPOAb level increased by 51.6%,30.0%and 2.9%respectively in three cases and decreased by 53.9%in one case.In the PTMC group,there were 11 patients with cervical lymph node enlarge-ment,and there was no statistical difference in TgAb and TPOAb levels when the condition changed(P>0.05).Conclusion TgAb is a risk factor for PTMC,and can be followed up regularly during the diagnosis and treatment of PTMC.The specificity of TPOAb is not as good as that of TgAb,and appropriate follow-up can be chosen during the course of the disease.
摘要
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of energy spectrum CT quantitative parameters combined with serum thy-roid stimulating hormone receptor-messenger ribonucleic acid(TSHR-mRNA)for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods A total of 105 patients with thyroid micronodules confirmed by surgery and pathology were collected,61 of whom were PTMC(PTMC group),and 44 patients with micronodular goiter(MNG)(MNG group).Energy spectrum CT quantitative parameters and serum TSHR-mRNA expression were compared between the two groups.The diagnostic value of energy spectrum CT quantitative parame-ters alone and combined with serum TSHR-mRNA for PTMC was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The iodine concentration and slope of energy spectrum CT quantitative parameters between PTMC group and MNG group were signifi-cantly different in plain scan,arterial and venous phases(P＜0.05).The mean serum TSHR-mRNA expression in the PTMC group was higher than that in MNG group(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing PTMC using quantitative parame-ters of energy spectrum CT combined with serum TSHR-mRNA was 0.913,and the accuracy,sensitivity,and negative predictive value of diagnosing PTMC were significantly higher than those of quantitative parameters of energy spectrum CT or serum TSHR-mRNA(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both energy spectrum CT quantitative parameters and serum TSHR-mRNA can be used to diagnose PTMC alone,and the combination of both is more accurately.
摘要
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC),which lacks lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,extra-thyroid invasion,high-risk subtypes,and invasion of the trachea or recurrent laryngeal nerve,may be classified as low-risk PTMC based on clinical assessment.Surgical intervention such as lobectomy or total thyroidectomy is the primary treatment modality for PTMC.This study comprised 124 patients who underwent conformal thyroidectomy and revealed that this innovative surgical approach yielded long-term oncological outcomes comparable to those who received lobectomy or total thyroidectomy.The surgical intervention may play a significant role in the comprehensive management of PTMC,while the implementation of PTMC precision medicine necessitates the utilization of genetic testing,molecular typing,and other advanced technologies to detect early-stage high-risk factors like lymph node microinvasion and integrate biology-based surgery concept for optimal outcomes.
摘要
Objective To evaluate extrathyroidal extension (ETE) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with three-dimensional tomographic ultrasound imaging (3D-TUI). Methods A total of 97 thyroid nodules of 79 patients with PTMC treated in PUMC Hospital from February 2016 to January 2018 were included in this study.Two ultrasound experts performed independent blinded assessment of the relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid capsule by two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and 3D-TUI.The results of 2D-US and 3D-TUI in evaluating ETE were compared with intraoperative findings and postoperative histological and pathological results. Results Among the 97 nodules,54 (55.7%) nodules had ETE.The diagnostic sensitivity (68.5% vs.37.0%;χ2=10.737,P=0.002),accuracy (74.5% vs.56.7%;χ2=6.686,P=0.015),and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve[0.761 (95%CI=0.677-0.845) vs.0.592 (95%CI=0.504-0.680);Z=3.500,P<0.001] of 3D-TUI were higher than those of 2D-US.However,3D-TUI and 2D-US showed no significant difference in the specificity (84.1% vs.81.4%;χ2=0.081,P=0.776),negative predictive value (67.9% vs.50.7%;χ2=3.645,P=0.066),or positive predictive value (84.1% vs.71.4%;χ2=1.663,P=0.240). Conclusion Compared with 2D-US,3D-TUI demonstrates increased diagnostic efficiency for ETE of PTMC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Nodule , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Ultrasonography/methods , Retrospective Studies摘要
Objective:To investigate the predictive value of dual-phase enhanced CT for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) .Methods:The CT data of 220 central lymph nodes in 182 cases of PTMC confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The lymph nodes were divided into 0.3 cm-0.4 cm group, 0.4 cm-0.5 cm and ≥ 0.5 cm groups according to the size of them. The CT values of arterial phase and venous phase of lymph nodes were measured, respectively. The distribution of dual-phase CT values of lymph nodes in the three groups was analyzed by t test. The optimal threshold values of dual-phase enhanced CT values of lymph nodes in each group were obtained by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) . Results:The area under ROC curve of arterial phase CT in predicting CLNM was 0.717, 0.707 and 0.761, the optimal threshold was 71.4Hu, 63.3Hu and 72.9Hu, and the sensitivity and specificity were 50.0% and 92.3%, 63.6% and 81.0%, 52.4% and 82.9%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of venous phase CT value in predicting CLNM was 0.744, 0.729, and 0.662, the optimal thresholds were 71.1 HU, 80.3 HU, and 61.3 HU, and the sensitivity and specificity were 52.8% and 87.2%, 54.2% and 86.7%, 82.6% and 46.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of dual-phase combined CT values in predicting CLNM in 3 groups were 44.1% and 94.7%, 50.0% and 88.1%, 52.4% and 85.4%, respectively.Conclusion:Dual-phase enhanced CT can effectively predict central lymph node metastasis of PTMC, and the combination of the two can further improve the specificity of predicting CLNM and provide an important basis for reducing unnecessary surgical trauma.
摘要
Objective:To explore and analyze the value of CT texture combined with baseline data in lymph node metastasis of cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), in order to provide evidence for the evaluation of lymph node metastasis of PTMC.Methods:106 patients with single stage cN0 papillary PTMC confirmed by operation and pathology in Department of Radiology and Hernia Department of Huzhou First People’s Hospital from Aug. 2020 to Aug. 2022 were selected for retrospective analysis. Metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes were delineated in CT images, and they were divided into a lymph node metastasis group (22 cases) and a group without lymph node metastasis (84 cases). At the same time, lymph node CT texture feature images were obtained in both groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CT texture and lymph node metastasis, and ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of CT texture for lymph node metastasis in cN0 stage PTMC patients. The patients were divided into<1/4 group (51 cases), 1/4-<1/2 group (36 cases), and ≥1/2 group (19 cases) according to the different contact range between tumor and thyroid margin in CT signs. The baseline data and lymph metastasis distribution of each group were analyzed.Results:The results of single factor analysis showed that there were no differences in tumor location, tumor calcification or thyroglobulin in CT texture between LNM group and non-LNM group ( P>0.05). The incidence of tumor contact with thyroid margin, tumor diameter ≥7 mm, age<45 and male ratio of sex in LNM group were higher than those in non-LNM group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor was in contact with thyroid margin ( OR=6.080, 95% CI: 1.738-21.273), tumor diameter ≥7 mm ( OR=2.779, 95% CI: 1.135-6.805), age<45 years old ( OR=6.074, 95%CI: 1.980-18.636) and gender male ( OR=12.642, 95% CI: 3.125-51.136) were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in cN0 stage PTMC patients ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor diameter, tumor location, tumor calcification or thyroglobulin among<1/4 group, 1/4-1/2 group and ≥1/2 group ( P>0.05). The incidence of LNM in ≥1/2 group was higher than that in<1/4 group and 1/4-1/2 group, and pairwise comparison between groups had statistical significance ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:It is an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in cN0 stage PTMC patients with tumor and thyroid boundary contact, tumor diameter ≥7 mm, age<45 years old, male, and the wider the tumor and thyroid boundary contact, the higher the risk of lymph node metastasis. CT texture analysis combined with baseline data has important reference value in predicting lymph node metastasis of cN0 TMPC.
摘要
Objective:To investigate the feasibility of active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. From 2013 to 2017, 61 patients with pathologically confirmed papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were followed-up dynamically. The growth of nodules, newly-developed nodules and lymph node metastasis were recorded and were set as the criteria for disease progression. And the disease progression was the outcome event of survival analysis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the median age at diagnosis. Univariate analysis of factors influencing disease progression in different age groups was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The differences in disease progression between different age groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.Results:Of the 61 patients, there were 9 males and 52 females. The median age of disease onset was 43 years (ranged 23-74 years). The median follow-up time was 2 years (ranged 2-7 years), and 22 (36.1%) patients with tumor diameter increased by ≥3 mm, including 5 males and 17 females. A total of 22 cases (36.1%) showed an increase in tumor diameter of ≥3 mm, including 5 males and 17 females. Thirteen cases (21.3%) developed new malignancies, including 2 males and 11 females. Three cases (5%) had lymph node metastasis, all of which were females. In total, 24 cases (39.3%) showed disease progression, including 5 males and 19 females. Disease progression was more frequent in the <43 years age group compared to the ≥43 years age group.Conclusions:For patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, strict adherence to the indications for active surveillance and consideration of patient preferences make active surveillance a feasible tumor management approach.
摘要
Abstract Introduction The treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma remains controversial. Central lymph node metastasis is common in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and it is an important consideration in treatment strategy selection. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic risk factors and thyroid nodule sonographic characteristics for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 599 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from 2005 to 2017 at a single institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the clinicopathologic factors and preoperative sonographic features of central lymph node metastasis. A receiver-operating characteristic, ROC curve analysis, was performed to identify the efficacy of ultrasonographic features in predicting central lymph node metastasis. A nomogram based on the risk factors was established to predict central lymph node metastasis. Results The incidence of central lymph node metastasis was 22.4%. The univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that gender, age, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, and lateral lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that nodular shape, margin, and calcification were independently associated with central lymph node metastasis. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of shape, margin and calcification had excellent accuracy in predicting central lymph node metastasis. The nomogram was developed based on the identified risk factors for predicting central lymph node metastasis, and the calibration plot analysis indicated the good performance and clinical utility of the nomogram. Conclusions Central lymph node metastasis is associated with male gender, younger age (<5 years), extrathyroidal invasion, multifocality and lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients. The ultrasongraphic features, such as irregular shape, ill-defined margin and calcification, may improve the efficacy of predicting central lymph node metastasis. Surgeons and radiologists should pay close attention to the patients who have these risk factors. The nomogram may help guide surgical decision making in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
Resumo Introdução O tratamento do microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide permanece controverso. A metástase em linfonodos centrais é comum e é uma consideração importante na seleção da estratégia de tratamento. Objetivo Investigar os fatores de risco clínico-patológicos e as características ultrassonográficas de nódulos tireoidianos para metástase em linfonodos centrais em microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide. Método Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados de 599 pacientes com microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide submetidos à cirurgia de 2005 a 2017 em uma única instituição. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram usadas para identificar os fatores clínico-patológicos e as características ultrassonográficas pré-operatórias das metástases em linfonodos centrais. Uma análise de curva ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) foi feita para identificar a eficácia das características ultrassonográficas na previsão dessas metástases. Um nomograma baseado nos fatores de risco foi estabelecido para prever a metástase em linfonodos centrais. Resultados A incidência de metástase em linfonodos centrais foi de 22,4%. As análises univariadas e multivariadas sugeriram que sexo, idade, multifocalidade, invasão extratireoidiana e metástase em linfonodos laterais eram fatores de risco independentes para a metástase em linfonodos centrais. As análises univariadas e multivariadas revelaram que o formato nodular, a margem e a calcificação estavam independentemente associadas à metástase em linfonodos centrais. A análise da curva ROC mostrou que a combinação do formato, margem e calcificação apresentou excelente precisão na previsão dessas metástases. O nomograma foi desenvolvido com base nos fatores de risco identificados para predizer a metástase em linfonodos centrais e a análise do gráfico de calibração indicou o bom desempenho e a utilidade clínica do nomograma. Conclusões Em pacientes com microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide, metástase em linfonodos centrais está associado ao sexo masculino, menor idade ( < 45 anos), invasão extratireoidiana, multifocalidade e presença de metástase em linfonodos laterais. As características ultrassonográficas, como formato irregular, margem mal definida e calcificação, podem melhorar a eficácia da previsão de metástase em linfonodos centrais. Cirurgiões e radiologistas devem ficar mais atentos aos pacientes que apresentam esses fatores de risco. O nomograma pode ajudar a orientar a tomada de decisão cirúrgica para o microcarcinoma papilífero de tireoide.
摘要
Objective:To analyze the risk factors of the number of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) >5 in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with clinical lymph node negative (cN0) .Methods:A total of 1567 cases of unilateral cN0 PTMC patients undergoing surgery at Endocrine and Breast Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 405 cases of male and 1162 cases of female among them. According to the CLNM, they were divided into 0-5 and ≥5 groups. Clinicopathological characteristics of two groups were compared with Chi-square test and χ 2 test, et al. Results:The case of CLNM>5 involved was 4.1% (65/1567) .Univariate analysis showed that male, age ≤50 years old, tumor diameter> 8 mm, multifocal cancer all were related to CLNM>5 involved ( P<0.05) , multivariate logistic regression analysis found that male ( OR=1.886, P=0.017) , age ≤50 years ( OR=3.778, P=0.002) , tumor diameter>8 mm ( OR=2.483, P<0.001) and multifocal cancer ( OR=2.362, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for CLNM>5. Subgroup analysis showed that the number of Delphian lymph nodes metastasis≥1 ( OR=13.475, P<0.001) , pretracheal lymph nodes metastasis≥2 ( OR=41.695, P<0.001) , and Delphian+pretracheal lymph nodes metastasis≥2 ( OR=28.750, P<0.001) were also independent risk factors for CLNM>5. Conclusions:Unilateral PTMC patients who are male and age ≤50 years old with tumor diameter>8 mm, multifocal cancer have higher risk of central lymph nodes more than 5 involved, surgical treatment and prophylactic central neck dissection are recommended to such patients instead of long-term follow-up observation.Total thyroidectomy should be selected appropriately according to the intraoperative situation.
摘要
With the gradual popularization of high-resolution ultrasound, the wide application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy technology under ultrasound guidance, and the rapid development of molecular marker detection technology, the detection rate of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased year by year.The main clinical treatment method for PTMC is surgery or active surveillance. In recent years, with the good application of thermal ablation technology in the treatment of liver cancer, benign thyroid nodules and other tumors, many scholars at home and abroad advocate applying this technology in the treatment of PTMC.However, there is still a lack of multicenter, prospective long-term studies with large sample size to confirm the safety and effectiveness.Therefore, it is highly controversial whether thermal ablation should be applied to the initial treatment of PTMC.This paper will comment on this hot issue.
摘要
Resumen En las últimas décadas, la creciente identificación de nódulos tiroideos ha dado lugar a un incremento dramático en el diagnóstico y tasa de incidencia del cáncer de tiroides, sin embargo, su mortalidad se ha mantenido estable. La mayor fracción de este incremento es atribuible al creciente uso de tecnologías de diagnóstico, que ha identificado un número cada vez mayor de cánceres papilares de tiroides (CPT), en su gran mayoría pequeños y de bajo riesgo clínico. La mayoría de estos tumores no generarán morbilidad o mortalidad a pesar de no ser tratados. La práctica clínica ha evolucionado hacia un tratamiento menos agresivo de los CPTs. La vigilancia activa (VA) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa terapéutica dentro del algoritmo de tratamiento, que tiene como objetivo reconocer a un potencial grupo minoritario de pacientes en quienes sus carcinomas papilares tiroideos sí progresarán clínicamente y, por lo tanto, en ellos un tratamiento quirúrgico resulte en mayor beneficio que perjuicio. En esta revisión nos planteamos como objetivo describir la epidemiología del carcinoma papilar tiroideo, el concepto de vigilancia activa en esta área y los resultados clínicos obtenidos mediante este abordaje terapéutico en las distintas experiencias realizadas en el mundo hasta la fecha.
Abstract In recent decades, the increasing identification of thyroid nodules has led to a dramatic increase in the diagnosis and incidence rate of thyroid cancer. However, their mortality has remained stable. The largest fraction of this increase is attributable to the growing use of diagnostic technologies, which has identified an increasing number of mostly small, low clinical risk papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). Most of these tumors will not generate morbidity or mortality despite being untreated. Clinical practice has evolved towards a less aggressive treatment of PTC's. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a new therapeutic alternative within the treatment algorithm, which aims to recognize a potential minority group of patients in whom their thyroid papillary carcinoma will progress clinically, and therefore in whom surgical treatment will result in greater benefit than harm. In this review we aim to describe the epidemiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the concept of active surveillance in this area and the clinical results obtained by this therapeutic approach in the different experiences carried out in the world until now.
摘要
Resumen El aumento dramático en la incidencia del cáncer de tiroides de las últimas décadas, el cual se debe principalmente a la mayor detección de microcarcinomas papilares de tiroides (MCPT), ha generado un aumento considerable de los costos asociados a la atención del cáncer de tiroides. A pesar de este aumento de la incidencia a nivel mundial, la mortalidad asociada a estos tumores se ha mantenido sin cambios significativos. En consecuencia, varios grupos de investigadores han sugerido que se ha producido un sobrediagnóstico y un sobretratamiento de los carcinomas papilares de tiroides (CPT) de bajo riesgo. La vigilancia activa (VA) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa terapéutica para estos tumores, con excelentes resultados oncológicos, menores tasas de complicaciones y que podría ayudar a reducir los costos económicos. No obstante, a pesar de los alentadores resultados de la VA, su implementación en la práctica depende de muchos aspectos entre los cuales se encuentran las características radiológicas del tumor, las características clínicas del paciente, factores psicosociales y socioeconómicos. En esta revisión nos enfocaremos en describir la evidencia acumulada hasta la fecha respecto de la historia natural de la cinética del CPT, costo-efectividad de VA, y las limitaciones actuales para su implementación.
Abstract The dramatic increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in recent decades, which is primarily due to increased detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTCM), has led to a significant increase in the costs associated with thyroid cancer care. Despite this increase in the worldwide incidence, the mortality associated with these tumors has remained unchanged. Consequently, several groups of researchers have suggested that low-risk papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) have been overdiagnosed and overtreated. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a new therapeutic alternative for these tumors, with excellent oncological results, lower complication rates, and which could help reduce economic costs. However, despite the encouraging results of AS, its implementation in practice depends on many aspects including the radiological characteristics of the tumor, the clinical characteristics of the patient, psychosocial factors and socioeconomic factors. In this review we will focus on describing the evidence accumulated to date regarding the natural history of PTC kinetics, cost effectiveness of VA, and current limitations to its implementation.
摘要
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the modified gasless unilateral axillary approach (MGUAA) endoscopic thyroid surgery in treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) .Methods:From Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2019, 90 patients receiving PTMC (cT1N0M0, cI stage, 8th, 2017 AJCC) therapy by modified gasless unilateral axillary approach endoscopic thyroid surgery (MGUAA group, n=41) , and conventional open thyroid surgery (OS group, n=49) were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety patients were enrolled in the study, including 14 males and 76 females,with the mean age (42.1±12.0) years.The effectiveness of central lymph node dissection (CLND) , the operation time, the types of operation, the amount of drainage, the duration of hospital stay, the related complications, the postoperative pain of neck and axillary and the cosmetic satisfaction were compared between the two groups.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, the measurement data was expressed by ±s, paired t test was used to compare the measurement data between groups, and Chi-square test was used to campare the count date between groups. Results:The mean age (35.0±8.6) years and the amount of surgical bleeding (12.3±7.3) ml in the MGUAA group were significantly lower than those (48.1±11.1) years and (16.1±4.3) ml in the OS group ( P<0.01) , while the mean operation time (99.1±19.5) min, the mean amount of drainage (221.4±67.9) ml and the postoperative drainage tube placement time (5.0±0.8) days were significantly higher than those of (70.6±17.8) min, (98.3±63.7) ml and (3.8±1.0) days in the MGUAA ( P<0.01) . There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes of CLND or the duration of hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05) . In terms of surgical complications, the transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, the postoperative hematoma, the postoperative infection, and the lymphatic leakage had no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) . The MGUAA group had significant advantages in avoiding the postoperative dysphagia in front of neck, the postoperative pain of neck, and cosmetic satisfaction over the OS group [ (0.0% vs 28.6%) , (14.6% vs 71.4%) , (1.1±0.3) score vs (2.4±0.5) score ( P<0.01) ]. Whereas in axillary area pain on the surgical side, the MGUAA group was inferior to the OS group ( P<0.01) . Conclusion:The modified gasless unilateral axillary approach endoscopic thyroid surgery is a feasible, safe and cosmetically operation for PTMC (cT1N0M0, cI stage, 8th, 2017 AJCC) .
摘要
Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in the isthmus (PTMCI) and the independent risk factors of central lymph node metastasis.Methods:58 consecutive patients with PTMCI admitted from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2018 (isthmus group) were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 43 females,age (42.93±12.69) years old; According to the specific location of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in isthmus, PTMCI were subdivided into the right PTMCI and the left PT-MCI 67 patients with a single PTMC located in the unilateral lobe were randomly selected as a control (lobe group) , including 13 cases of male and 54 cases of female, age (47.18±11.34) years old. Index included the patient’s age, gender, tumor diameter, TPOAb, aspect ratio, microcalcification, capsular invasion, lymph node metastasis, surgical methods, operation method, and scope of lymph node dissection. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The quantitative data of normal distribution was expressed as ± s,and the difference between the two groups was compared by chi-square test.The risk factors of CLNM of the isthmus group were analyzed with univariate chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The difference was statistically significant if P<0.05. Results:Compared with PTMC, PTMCI showed a higher rate of capsule invasion ( P=0.003) ,lymph node metastasis ( P=0.049) ,lymph node metastasis in central region ( P=0.033) ,and surgical methods between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) ;But PTMCI was significantly lower than PTMC in aspect ratio>1 ( P<0.05) . Univariate analysis showed that capsule invasion ( P=0.001) and microcalcification ( P=0.012) were risk factors for PTMCI lymph node metastasis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that capsule invasion ( P=0.016) and microcalcification ( P=0.046) were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMCI. Conclusions:Compared with PTMC,PTMCI indicates a higher rate of capsular invasion,lymph node metastasis in prelaryngeal and central lymph node;Compared with PTMC, PTMCI indicates a lower rate of aspect ratio>1; Capsule invasion and microcalcification are independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMCI. For patients with the right PTMCI or the left PTMCI and also without capsular invasion and calcification,ipsilateral central lymph node dissection should be considered.
摘要
Objective:To investigate the predictive value of lymph node size for ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (ICLNM) of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in CT examination.Methods:The CT data of 229 patients with single PTMC admitted to the Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from Jan. 2018 to Jun. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were confirmed by surgery and pathology. The ipsilateral central lymph nodes were divided into <0.2 cm group, 0.2-0.4 cm group and ≥0.4 cm group according to their maximun diameters, and the distribution difference of positive and negative ICLNM among the three groups were observed and analyzed by χ 2 test. Results:In 229 PTMCs, the proportion of positive and negative ICLNM were 29.69% (68/229) and 70.31% (108/155) , respectively. Positive ICLNM in <0.2 cm group, 0.2-0.4 cm group and ≥0.4 cm group accounted for 11.43% (16/140) , 64.29% (36/56) and 81.82% (27/33) , respectively. When 0.2 cm and 0.4 cm were used as the threshold to determine positive ICLNM, the values of χ 2 and P between groups were 87.663 and <0.001. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing lymph node metastasis were 79.75% (63/79) and 82.67% (124/150) , 34.18% (27/79) and 96% (144/150) , respectively. The proportions of high enhancement, calcification and cystic degeneration were 3.2% (5/155) , 0.7% (1/155) and 0 (0/155) , respectively. Conclusions:In CT examination of patients with PTMC, the diameter of lymph nodes less than 0.2 cm highly indicates negative ICLNM. The proportion of positive ICLNM increased with increasing lymph node diameter, and the diameter of lymph nodes less than 0.4 cm highly indicates positive ICLNM.
摘要
Ectopic thyroid gland refers to the presence of thyroid tissue outside the normal position of the neck, which is relatively rare in clinical practice, and ectopic and cancer change is rare. This article focuses on a patient with "supraclavicular mass" as the first symptom admitted to the Thyroid Surgery Department of Binzhou People’s Hospital, After the operation, the pathology confirmed ectopic thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis, and the imaging showed lung metastasis. This article summarizes the case data.
摘要
Objective To establish a prediction model for the short-term efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative and follow-up data of 159 patients with PTMC who underwent percutaneous ultrasound-guided RFA treatment in the Department of Ultrasound,the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to December in 2018.The association with 12-month tumor status(end event)was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression model.A nomogram was built to predict the risk of tumors which did not disappear completely within 12 months after RFA. Results We found that gender(
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Nomograms , Radiofrequency Ablation , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment Outcome摘要
Objective To investigate the clinical value of core-needle biopsy(CNB)for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)after radiofrequency ablation(RFA). Methods A total of 190 patients(including 142 females and 48 males,20-74 years old)with unifocal low-risk PTMCs[mean volume of(106.29±96.15)mm
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Radiofrequency Ablation , Thyroid Neoplasms , Ultrasonography, Interventional摘要
Resumen: Introducción: el microcarcinoma papilar tiroideo (MCPT) es un tumor <1 cm, indolente y con diagnóstico incidental o asintomático. Su incidencia aumentó últimamente por mayor detección ecográfica de nódulos no palpables, pero la mortalidad se mantiene estable, con elevada sobrevida a largo plazo. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes con MCPT en la clínica de Endocrinología y Metabolismo del Hospital de Clínicas en la década 2008-2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y analítico. Se revisaron historias de archivo y policlínica de pacientes que concurrieron a nuestro servicio desde junio/2008 a junio/2018. Se recabó el número de pacientes atendidos en el hospital en 1978-2008 para estimar incidencia y casuística anual. Las asociaciones entre variables y de tendencias se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: de 193 pacientes con carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides, 42 (22%) tuvieron MCPT. La incidencia hospitalaria de MCPT tendió a aumentar en los últimos 40 años (media = 4,2 casos/año); 88% fueron mujeres. El 69% de los diagnósticos fue por punción aspiración de aguja fina (PAAF) de un nódulo tiroideo, siendo 57% unifocales y 43% multifocales. Hubo asociación significativa entre multifocalidad e invasión capsular. Un 84% no tuvo metástasis ganglionares. En 55% de los casos se realizó radioyodo (RY) postcirugía. Conclusiones: aumentó la incidencia de MCPT, mayormente en mujeres. El diagnóstico prequirúrgico se hizo fundamentalmente por PAAF de nódulos tiroideos. La invasión capsular se asoció a multifocalidad. Un 16% tuvo metástasis ganglionares al diagnóstico. En la mayoría se realizó tiroidectomía total y 55% RY.
Abstract: Introduction: papillary thyroid microcarcima (PTMC) is a tumour <1 cm in size, indolent and with incidental or asymptomatic diagnostic. Recently, the incidence of PTMC increased as a result of higher ultrasound detection of nonpalpable nodes, although mortality rates remain stable, with high survival in the long-term. Objective: to characterize patients with PTMC at the Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of the Clinicas University Hospital in the 2008-2018 decade. Method: observational, transversal, retrospective and analytical study. Medical records filed and policlinic records of patients who were seen in our service since June, 2008 and June, 2018 were reviewed. The number of patients assisted in the hospital between 1978 and 2008 was found, to estimate incidence and annual casuistic. Statistical analysis of variables and tendencies was performed. Results: 42 (22%) out of 139 patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) had papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. In the last 40 years, hospital incidence of PTMC has increased (average = 4,2 cases/year), 88% of which were female patients. 69% of diagnostics were done by thyroid fine-needle aspirate cytology (FNAC); 57% were single focal and 43% multifocal. There was a significant association between multifocality and capsule invasion. 84% of cases did not evidence lymph node metastases. In 55% of cases postoperative radioactive iodine therapy was applied. Conclusions: the incidence of PTMC increased, mainly in women. Diagnosis prior to surgery was mainly done by thyroid FNAC. Capsular invasion was associated to multifocality. 16% evidence lymph node metastases upon diagnosis. Complete thyroidectomy was done in most cases, followed by radioactive iodine therapy un 55% of cases.
Resumo: Introdução: o microcarcinoma papilar de tireoide (MCPT) é um tumor <1 cm, indolente e com diagnóstico incidental ou assintomático. Sua incidência aumentou recentemente devido à maior detecção ultrassonográfica de nódulos não palpáveis, mas a mortalidade permanece estável, com alta sobrevida em longo prazo. Objetivo: caracterizar os pacientes com MCPT no ambulatório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo do Hospital de Clínicas na década de 2008-2018. Materiais e métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo e analítico. Os prontuários de pacientes, históricos e atuais de pacientes foram atendidos no período junho 2008 - junho 2018 foram revisados. O número de pacientes tratados no hospital em 1978-2008 foi coletado para estimar a incidência e a casuística anual. As associações entre variáveis, e tendências foram analisadas estatisticamente. Resultados: de 193 pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide, 42 (22%) tinham MCPT. A incidência hospitalar de MCPT mostrou uma tendência crescente nos últimos 40 anos (média = 4,2 casos/ano); 88% eram mulheres. 69% dos diagnósticos foram realizados por punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) de nódulo tireoidiano, sendo 57% unifocal e 43% multifocal. Houve uma associação significativa entre multifocalidade e invasão capsular. 84% não apresentavam metástases em linfonodos. O radioiodo pós-operatório (RY) foi realizado em 55% dos casos. Conclusões: a incidência de MCPT aumentou, principalmente em mulheres. O diagnóstico pré-cirúrgico foi feito principalmente pela PAAF de nódulos tireoidianos. A invasão capsular foi associada à multifocalidade. 16% tinham metástases linfonodais no momento do diagnóstico. Realizou-se tireoidectomia total na maioria dos pacientes e 55% foi submetida a RY.
Subject(s)
Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Incidence摘要
Objective@#The complete staging and risk stratification of Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is usually not done due to its theoretically low recurrence rates. This study aimed to determine the value of postoperative radioiodine diagnostic scan and SPECT/CT for the accurate staging and risk stratification in PTMC patients.@*Methodology@#This study was a retrospective review of PTMC patients from January 2014 to May 2017 who underwent I-131 scans. All PTMC patients were initially staged by the 8th edition AJCC/TNM staging system and risk-stratified, based on clinical information, histopathology and stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg). After I-131 scan, staging and risk stratification were re-assessed. The proportion of patients who ended up with a higher stage and risk stratification were reported.@*Results and Conclusion@#Fifty-two patients were included. The overall upgrading of cancer stage was 7.7 %. The overall higher risk stratification was 19.2% with radioiodine-avid lymph node, lung, and bone metastases. Neck and paratracheal node metastases were found in 37.3% of the initial low-risk patients with sTg less than 5 ng/mL. Lung metastasis was found in the initial intermediate-risk patient. The I-131 scan helps to localize metastatic lesions and results in a higher stage in 50% of the initial high-risk patients. This study provides some evidence showing the value of postoperative radioiodine WBS for accurate staging and risk stratification in PTMC patients. Larger studies with analytical design should be further performed to prove its significant utility.