摘要
A análise do perfil de saúde dos profissionais de saúde é necessária em ambientes hospitalares devido ao nível de insalubridade apresentado nesses locais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o perfil de saúde, nível de atividade física e exposição a telas de trabalhadores de um hospital no Sul do Brasil. Este estudo tem caráter transversal e descritivo, e a amostra utilizada foi composta por trabalhadores adultos de um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria eram mulheres, brancas, de 35-44 anos, com especialização, renda de três a seis salários mínimos, percepção de bem-estar "boa" a "regular", índice de massa corporal "eutrófico" a "sobrepeso", sem doenças crônicas, não fumantes, com sono irregular, ansiedade em níveis normais, saúde percebida como "boa", sedentários, com mais de seis horas de tempo sentado em dias de trabalho. Foram encontradas associações entre ansiedade e várias variáveis. Embora com aspectos positivos, destaca-se que os trabalhadores apresentaram fatores de riscos à saúde, como sedentarismo, tempo prolongado sentado e dor corporal leve e sono irregular. Intervenções em saúde como diminuição de sedentarismo promovendo a prática de atividade física, redução de tempo sentado e orientações para manejo do sono e alívio de dores são necessárias nesse ambiente.
Analyzing the health profile of healthcare professionals is necessary in hospital environments due to their level of unhealthy conditions. Thus, this study investigated the health profile, level of physical activity, and screen exposure of workers at a hospital in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional descriptive was conducted with adult workers from a university hospital in southern Brazil. Results indicated that most participants were white women aged 35 to 44 years with specialization, an income of three to six minimum wages, well-being perceived as "good" to "regular", "eutrophic" to "overweight" body mass index, without chronic diseases, non-smokers, with irregular sleep, anxiety at normal levels, health perceived as "good," sedentary, sitting for more than six hours on work days. Associations were found between anxiety and several variables. Despite positive aspects, workers presented health risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, prolonged sitting, mild body pain, and irregular sleep. Health interventions to reduce sedentary lifestyles by promoting physical activity, to reduce sitting time, and to guide sleep management and pain relief are necessary in this setting.
El análisis del perfil de salud de los profesionales de la salud es importante en el ámbito hospitalario debido al nivel de condiciones de insalubridad en estos lugares. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el perfil de salud, el nivel de actividad física y la exposición a pantallas por parte de los trabajadores de un hospital del Sur de Brasil. Este es un estudio transversal y descriptivo, y la muestra estuvo compuesta por trabajadores adultos de un hospital universitario del Sur de Brasil. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría eran mujeres, blancas, de entre 35 y 44 años, con especialización, ingresos de tres a seis salarios mínimos, percepción de bienestar "bueno" a "regular", índice de masa corporal "eutrófico", "sobrepeso", sin enfermedades crónicas, no fumadores, con sueño irregular, ansiedad en niveles normales, salud percibida como "buena", sedentarios, con más de seis horas sentados en días laborales. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la ansiedad y varias variables. Aunque existen aspectos positivos, se destaca que los trabajadores presentaron factores de riesgo para la salud, como sedentarismo, estar sentado durante mucho tiempo, dolores corporales leves y sueño irregular. En este entorno son necesarias intervenciones sanitarias, como la reducción del estilo de vida sedentario mediante la promoción de la actividad física, la reducción del tiempo sentado y la orientación sobre el manejo del sueño y el alivio del dolor.
摘要
Abstract Objectives: Fungal infections (FI) pose a public health concern and significantly increase mortality rates, especially within Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Thus, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological indicators, risk factors, and lethality predictors associated with FI in a NICU. Methods: This study included 1,510 neonates admitted to the NICU of a reference hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2022. Demographic data, such as sex, birth weight, gestational age, and use of invasive devices were analyzed. Results: Thirty neonates developed invasive FI, totaling 33 episodes and an incidence of 1.2 per 1,000 patient days. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (52.9 %), the bloodstream was the most affected site (78.9 %), and 72.7 % of infections occurred between 2015 and 2018. The lethality rate associated with FI was 33.3 %, and 90 % of deaths occurred within 30 days of diagnosis of infection. Weight < 750 g, prolonged hospital stay, use of parenteral nutrition, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials were independent risk factors for infection occurrence, especially glycopeptides and 4th generation cephalosporins, having a considerable role in the increase in fungal infections. Weight < 750 g was considered a significant predictor of lethality, and C. albicans had the highest lethality rate (40 %). Conclusion: These findings highlight the elevated lethality rate associated with these infections, reinforcing the importance of developing strategies to control FI within NICU.
摘要
RESUMO Objetivou-se investigar as condições de trabalho e a saúde física e mental de profissionais de saúde atuantes na linha de frente da covid-19 em serviços de urgência, emergência e terapia intensiva no Brasil, no segundo ano da pandemia. Estudo transversal, com uso de questionário eletrônico, por meio do qual coletaram-se dados sobre condições de trabalho, saúde física e mental, além do instrumento Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A amostra (n=209) incluiu enfermeiros (28,7%), técnicos de enfermagem (30,1%), fisioterapeutas (33%) e médicos (8,2%). Os profissionais possuíam idade média de 34,6 anos e relataram uma carga horária média de 53,5 horas/semana. Verificou-se aumento das horas trabalhadas (62%) e da quantidade de pacientes (84%). A maioria relatou bom relacionamento com o chefe (89%) e satisfação com o trabalho (87%). A prevalência de sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão foi superior a 45%, com predomínio de sintomas graves ou extremamente graves. A prevalência de dor musculoesquelética e fadiga foi de 84,7% e 83,3%, respectivamente. Os profissionais de saúde apresentaram aumento de volume de trabalho e de exigência durante a pandemia de covid-19. Observou-se, ainda, intenso prejuízo à saúde física e mental desses trabalhadores.
ABSTRACT The objective was to investigate the working conditions and physical and mental health of health professionals working on the front lines of COVID-19 in urgent, emergency, and intensive care services in Brazil, in the second year of the pandemic. Cross-sectional study, using an electronic questionnaire, through which data on working conditions, and physical and mental health were collected, in addition to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) instrument. The sample (n=209) included nurses (28.7%), nursing technicians (30.1%), physiotherapists (33%), and physicians (8.2%). The professionals had an average age of 34.6 years and reported an average workload of 53.5 hours/week. There was an increase in hours worked (62%) and in the number of patients (84%). Most reported a good relationship with their boss (89%) and job satisfaction (87%). The prevalence of symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression was greater than 45%, with a predominance of severe or extremely severe symptoms. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and fatigue was 84.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Health professionals showed an increase in workload and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was also intense damage to the physical and mental health of these workers.
摘要
Este artigo se baseia em um estudo feito com o objetivo de analisar indicadores sobre a testagem da sífilis na gestação no Programa de Qualificação das Ações de Vigilância em Saúde (PQAVS) e no Programa Previne Brasil no estado da Paraíba, e também de levantar aspectos do tratamento terapêutico para sífilis gestacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, na qual foram sistematizados dados do indicador 11, testes por gestantes, do PQAVS e do indicador de desempenho da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), com base na proporção de gestantes que realizaram exames de sífilis e HIV durante o pré-natal em 2020; também foi feita a sistematização do webquestionário direcionado a profissionais da APS (médicos/enfermeiros) e autoaplicado sobre a atuação e tratamento terapêutico para sífilis gestacional. Dos 223 municípios da Paraíba, apenas 12% atingiram a meta do PQAVS e 39% a do Previne Brasil em 2020. Em relação ao webquestionário, houve a participação de 142 profissionais, dos quais 85% realizam o tratamento terapêutico preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde para a APS. Desse modo, deve ser ressaltada a importância da ampliação da oferta de testes para sífilis, dos insumos para o tratamento adequado e da qualificação dos profissionais e da informação em saúde.
This article is based on a study to analyze indicators on syphilis testing during pregnancy in the PQAVS - Programa de Qualificação das Ações de Vigilância em Saúde (Health Surveillance Actions Qualification Programme) and in the Programa Previne Brasil (Previne Brasil Programme) in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and also to survey aspects of the therapeutic management for gestational syphilis. It is a descriptive-exploratory research, in which data from indicator 11, tests for pregnant women, from the PQAVS and from the Primary Health Care (PHC) performance indicator, based on the proportion of pregnant women with syphilis and HIV tests during prenatal care in 2020 were systematised; in addition to this systematization, a self-administered webquestionnaire on the performance and therapeutic management for gestational syphilis by professionals (doctors/nurses) from the PHC was also systematised. Taking into account the 223 municipalities in Paraíba, only 12% reached the PQAVS goal and 39% reached the Previne Brasil goal in 2020. Regarding the webquestionnaire, 85% of the 142 professionals who answered it, carry out the therapeutic management recommended by the Ministry of Health for the PHC. Thus, it is fundamental to emphasise the importance of expanding the supply of tests for syphilis, supplies for adequate treatment, and the qualification of health professionals and information.
El presente artículo se basa en un estudio efectuado con el objetivo de analizar indicadores sobre la prueba de sífilis durante el embarazo en el PQAVS - Programa de Qualificação das Ações de Vigilância em Saúde (Programa de Calificación para Acciones de Vigilancia en Salud) y en el Programa Previne Brasil en el estado de Paraíba, Brasil, y de resaltar aspectos del tratamiento terapéutico de la sífilis gestacional. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva-exploratoria, en la que se sistematizaron datos del indicador 11, pruebas realizadas por embarazadas, del PQAVS y del indicador de desempeño de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), a partir de la proporción de gestantes que se sometieron a pruebas de sífilis y de HIV durante la atención prenatal en 2020; también se sistematizóel cuestionario web dirigido a profesionales de la APS (médicos/enfermeros) y autoadministrado sobre el desempeño y el tratamiento terapéutico de la sífilis gestacional. De los 223 municipios de Paraíba, apenas 12% alcanzaron la meta del PQAVS y 39% lograron la meta del Previne Brasil en 2020. En relación al cuestionario web, participaron 142 profesionales, de los cuales 85% realizan el tratamiento terapéutico recomendado por el Ministerio de Salud para la APS. Así, es fundamental la importancia de ampliar la oferta de pruebas para la sífilis, de los medicamentos para el tratamiento adecuado, la calificación de los profesionales e la información relacionada a la salud.
Subject(s)
Prenatal Care , Primary Health Care , Syphilis, Congenital , Treponema pallidum , Syphilis , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Disease Prevention , Maternal Health , Prenatal Diagnosis , Health Programs and Plans , HIV , Intersectoral Collaboration摘要
Resumo Paulo Freire pensava a Educação Popular (EP) como um processo emancipatório, por meio da problematização e agir crítico como dimensões da existência humana. A partir de suas contribuições aos campos da Educação e da Saúde, este texto tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre as articulações das ideias de Paulo Freire com as ações de Vigilância Popular em Saúde (VPS). O texto apresenta como a contribuição de Paulo Freire e da Educação Popular em Saúde inspirou a construção de uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde, que busca promover a transformação da realidade local frente às situações de violações de direitos e na defesa da vida. Dessa maneira, experiências dos territórios e das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, na maioria das vezes, lançam mão de estratégias pedagógicas da Educação Popular para se constituírem como práticas de VPS. É no território que a Educação Popular em Saúde se torna fundamental para o estímulo à transformação da percepção dos indivíduos, problematizando sua realidade. A promoção de uma práxis acerca da "situação limite" no cotidiano dos atores sociais permite um diagnóstico da realidade, baseado na informação científica em diálogo com a cultura e a organização popular, como possibilidade de construção de "inéditos viáveis".
Abstract Paulo Freire considered Popular Education (PE) as an emancipatory process, through debate and critical action, as a dimension of human existence. This text aims to conduct a narrative literature review on the articulations of Paulo Freire's ideas with Popular Health Surveillance (PHS) actions based on his contributions to Education and Health. The text presents how the contributions of Paulo Freire and Popular Health Education inspired the construction of Popular Health Surveillance, which seeks to promote the transformation of local reality in the face of rights violations and advocate for life. Thus, experiences from vulnerable territories and populations often use Popular Education pedagogical strategies to establish PHS practices. Popular Health Education becomes crucial in the territory to stimulate the transformation of individual perception and discuss their reality. Promoting a praxis about the "critical situation" in the daily lives of social stakeholders allows diagnosing reality based on scientific information in dialogue with culture and popular organization as a possibility of building the "viable unprecedented".
摘要
Chikungunya, arbovirose que provoca febre e artralgia debilitante, demonstra potencial crônico e incapacitante por longos períodos, não havendo vacinas ou terapias específicas. Recentemente, a doença evoluiu da condição negligenciada para uma ameaça à saúde pública, impactando milhões de pessoas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Este estudo analisa a produção do conhecimento sobre a Chikungunya, na perspectiva da Vigilância em Saúde. Trata-se de metodologia exploratória-descritiva, com análise bibliométrica. Realizou-se a coleta nas bases Scopus e Web of Science para artigos de 2008 a 2022. A análise revelou uma série temporal de produção destacando a contribuição de Estados Unidos, Brasil e França. Identificaram-se como áreas mais produtivas: doenças transmissíveis, medicina tropical e parasitologia, fundamentais à Vigilância em Saúde e ao planejamento de políticas públicas. Quanto aos pesquisadores, Weaver, Scott C., Failloux, Anna-Bella e De Lamballerie, Xavier foram relevantes no cenário global, indicando a importância da colaboração e da abordagem interdisciplinar.
Chikungunya, an arbovirus that causes fever and debilitating arthralgia, has potential to be chronic and incapacitating for long periods, and there are no vaccines or therapies available for it. Recently, the disease has evolved from a neglected condition to public health threat, impacting millions in tropical and subtropical regions. This study analyzed the knowledge production about chikungunya, from the perspective of Health Surveillance, using an exploratory-descriptive methodology and bibliometric analysis. Articles from 2008 to 2022 were collected from Scopus and Web of Science databases. The analysis showed a production time series, highlighting the contribution of United States, Brazil, and France. The most productive areas were identified as: communicable diseases, tropical medicine and parasitology, which are fundamental to Health Surveillance and public policy planning. Regarding researchers, Weaver, Scott C., Failloux, Anna-Bella, and De Lamballerie, Xavier were relevant in the global scenario, indicating the importance of collaboration and of the interdisciplinary approach.
El chikungunya, arbovirus que causa fiebre y artralgia debilitante, tiene potencial de ser crónico e incapacitante por largos periodos, todavía no hay vacunas ni terapias. Recientemente, la enfermedad ha pasado de afección desatendida a amenaza para la salud pública, afectando a millones en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Este estudio analiza la producción de conocimientos sobre chikungunya, desde la perspectiva de la Vigilancia Sanitaria. Se utilizó una metodología exploratoria-descriptiva con análisis bibliométrico. Se recompilaron artículos de Scopus y Web of Science, 2008-2022. El análisis reveló una serie temporal de producción, destacando la contribución de EEUU, Brasil y Francia. Se identificaron como áreas más productivas: enfermedades transmisibles, medicina tropical y parasitología, fundamentales para la Vigilancia Sanitaria y la planificación de políticas públicas. En cuanto a los investigadores, Weaver, Scott C., Failloux, Anna-Bella y De Lamballeire, Xavier fueron relevantes en el escenario global, indicando la importancia de la colaboración y del enfoque interdisciplinario.
Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Bibliometrics , Chikungunya virus , Scientific and Technical Activities , Health Communication , Health Policy , Arbovirus Infections , Health Surveillance , Public Health , Communicable Diseases , Public Health Surveillance摘要
O câncer colorretal é desafiador devido à necessidade de atenção especializada nos serviços de saúde. Assim, objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao estadiamento do câncer colorretal (CCR) no estado do Maranhão, no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informação de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, com a subsequente utilização do teste de qui-quadrado, considerando o nível de significância (p<0,05). Dos 421 casos de CCR analisados, houve predomínio de mulheres (57,8%), acima dos 60 anos (31,3%), de cor parda (68,2%), baixa escolaridade (43%) e múltiplas profissões. O adenocarcinoma foi o mais recorrente dos casos (73,5%) e, após tratamento com cirurgia e quimioterapia, houve remissão da doença em 27,2% e 37,9% dos casos, respectivamente. Houve associação do estadiamento tardio com tipo histológico adenocarcinoma (p<0,001), e os tratamentos recebidos nos casos tardios foram associados à cirurgia e quimioterapia (p<0,001). Os pacientes de casos precoces tiveram maiores possibilidades da remissão completa (p<0,000), sendo o tempo para o tratamento maior que 60 dias em casos tardios. As variáveis analisadas refletem principalmente a demora do diagnóstico, resultando na necessidade de tratamentos conjugados para efetiva possibilidade do desaparecimento da doença. Os casos analisados tiveram estadiamento tardio, o que reflete casos com diagnóstico e tratamento tardio, devido ao caráter silencioso da doença, à dificuldade de acesso dos pacientes aos serviços de saúde e à ainda recente estruturação dos fluxos de atendimento, medida que visa a reduzir a espera, identificar os casos precoces e favorecer melhores condições de tratamento para remissão da doença na população alvo.
Colorectal cancer is a challenge due to the need for specialized care in health services. Thus we aimed to analyze factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) staging in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from System Information of Hospital Cancer Registry, with subsequent use of the chi-square test, considering the significance level (p<0.05). Of the 421 cases of CRC analyzed, there was a predominance of women (57.8%), over 60 years (31.3%), mixed race (68.2%), low education (43%), and multiple professions. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent case (73.5%) and, after treatment were treated with surgery and chemotherapy 27.2% and 37.9% of cases showed disease remission, respectively. There was an association between late staging and histological type of adenocarcinoma (p<0.001), and the treatments received in late cases were associated with surgery and chemotherapy (p<0.001). The patients with early cases had greater chances of complete remission (p<0.000), and the time to treatment was greater than 60 days in late cases. The analyzed variables mainly reflect the delay in diagnosis, requiring combined treatments for the effective possibility of healing the disease. The analyzed cases had late staging, which reflects in cases with late diagnosis and treatment, due to the silent nature of the disease, the difficulty of the patient's access to health services, and the recent structuring of service flow, a measure that aims to reduce waiting times, identify early cases and favor better treatment conditions for disease remission in the target population.
El cáncer colorrectal es un reto por la necesidad de atención especializada en los servicios sanitarios. Este trabajo buscó analizar los factores asociados con la estadificación del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en el estado de Maranhão, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos se recolectaron del Sistema de Información de Registro Hospitalario de Cáncer, en el que se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y el nivel de significancia (p<0,05). De los 421 casos de CCR evaluados, hubo predominio de mujeres (57,8%), mayores de 60 años (31,3%), de color pardo (68,2%), bajo nivel educativo (43%) y de múltiples profesiones. El adenocarcinoma fue el más común entre los casos (73,5%) y, tras el tratamiento con cirugía y quimioterapia, se produjo una remisión de la enfermedad en el 27,2% y el 37,9% de los casos. Hubo asociación entre la estadificación tardía con adenocarcinoma de tipo histológico (p<0,001), y los tratamientos que recibieron los casos tardíos se asociaron con cirugía y quimioterapia (p<0,001). Los pacientes con casos tempranos tuvieron mayores posibilidades de remisión completa (p<0,000), y el tiempo hasta el tratamiento fue superior a 60 días en los casos tardíos. Las variables analizadas reflejan principalmente el retraso en el diagnóstico, requiriendo tratamientos combinados para la posibilidad efectiva de desaparición de la enfermedad. Los casos analizados tuvieron estadificación tardía, lo que refleja casos con diagnóstico y tratamiento tardío debido al carácter silencioso de la enfermedad, el acceso de los pacientes a los servicios de salud y la reciente estructuración de los flujos de atención que apuntan a reducir la espera, identificar casos tempranos y favorecer un mejor tratamiento para la remisión de la enfermedad en la población objetivo.
摘要
ObjectiveThe purpose was to understand the background level of environmental radioactivity in the surrounding area of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant and accumulate historical monitoring data of radioactivity in the environment， in order to detect and deal with radioactive risk in water sources earlier. MethodsAccording to the requirements of the "Shanghai environmental radioactivity background monitoring plan"， the area 1 closest to the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant was selected as the monitoring point， and the area 2 far from the nuclear power plant was selected as the blank control point. Considering the seasonal characteristics of high water， low water， and normal water periods， the establishment of sampling points， and population density and other comprehensive factors， a model of sampling from the disease control centers in these two regions was established， with the supervision and quality control by Shanghai disease control center. The water samples were collected once a quarter， with a sampling volume of 5 L each time， and the samples were sent to Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention for processing and measurement. Since 2012， water samples from the two sources have been collected for more than ten years for the total α and total β monitoring of radioactive levels. Results2012‒2022 Area 1 total α radioactivity， total β radioactivity concentration ranges were 1.83×10-2‒3.93 ×10-2 Bq·L-1 and 6.05×10-2‒23.73 ×10-2 Bq·L-1， respectively. Total α radioactivity and total β radioactivity concentration ranges in Area 2 were 1.63×10-2‒4.46 ×10-2 Bq·L-1， and 9.60×10-2‒25.33 ×10-2 Bq·L-1，respectively. ConclusionThe radioactive levels in the source water of Area 1 and Area 2 are within the normal background range， which meets the requirements of the "Standard test methods for drinking water - radioactive indicators" （GB/T 5750.13‒2006）.
摘要
Objective@#To investigate the incidence of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) with 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into safety monitoring and evaluation of PCV13.@*Methods@#Surveillance data of AEFI with PCV13 in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including demographic information, vaccination time, time of AEFI occurrence and clinical symptoms, and the reported incidence, population and district distribution, and clinical symptoms of AEFI with PCV13 were descriptively analyzed.@*Results@#Totally 455 cases of AEFI with PCV13 were reported in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022, with a reported incidence rate of 232.33/105 doses. There were 431, 21 and 3 cases of general, abnormal, coincidence and psychogenic reactions, with reported incidence rates of 220.07/105 doses, 10.72/105 doses and 1.53/105 doses, respectively, and no reports of causal reaction, vaccine quality accident and vaccination accident. The AEFI cases included 258 boys and 197 girls, with a boy/girl ratio of 1.31∶1, and 288 children at ages of less than a year (63.30%). The largest number of AEFI was reported in Haining City (87 cases, 19.12%), and there were 349 AEFI cases (76.70%) within 24 hours following vaccination. The clinical symptoms mainly included redness and swelling, fever and induration, with reported incidence rates of 132.76/105 doses (260 cases), 109.27/105 doses (214 cases), and 55.66/105 doses (109 cases), respectively. There were 450 cases cured and 5 cases improved in 455 cases of AEFI.@*Conclusions@#General reaction is the predominant AEFI in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022, with mild symptoms. Most AEFI occurs within 24 hours following vaccination, and has a good prognosis.
摘要
Objective To understand the characteristics and temporal trends of stroke incidence in the household population of Shanghai's Qingpu District and to provide a basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and control strategies. Methods The stroke case database for Qingpu District from 2017-2022 was obtained from the Shanghai Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry and Reporting Information System. The average age of onset, incidence rate, standardised incidence rate, and constitutive ratio were calculated. Independent samples t-tests were used for comparisons between groups, 2-tests and 2-trend tests for comparisons of rates, and the Joinpoint regression model for calculating the annual percentage change (APC) to analyse the temporal trend of rates. Results Between 2017 and 2022, the average age of stroke onset in the household population of Shanghai's Qingpu District was 73.69±11.60 years. The average annual incidence rate was 556.62/100 000, with an average annual standardised incidence rate of 333.76/100000. There was an increasing trend in the incidence and standardised incidence of stroke in males (APC=7.06%, t=3.44, P=0.03, APC=5.32%, t=3.04, P=0.04). The incidence of stroke increases with age, with cases mainly concentrated in those aged 65 years and above, accounting for 79.47%. Ischemic stroke dominates the stroke typology, accounting for 91.08% of cases, while the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke shows an increasing trend (APC=4.64%, t=4.59, P=0.01). Conclusion The occurrence of stroke in the general population of Shanghai’s Qingpu District is concerning. The study indicates that males, individuals aged 65 years and above, and ischaemic stroke are significant factors that require attention for stroke prevention and control.
摘要
Objective@#To understand the epidemiological characteristics of physical assault injuries among students in Dalian, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of physical assault injuries among students.@*Methods@#Data of student physical assault injuries came from the Dalian Hospital Injury Monitoring System from 2018 to 2022, descriptive epidemiological methods and Chi square tests were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#A total of 1 413 cases of physical assault injuries among students were reported, and the sex ratio between male and female was 4.12∶1. The number of reported physical assault injuries dropped from 414 cases in 2018 to 209 cases in 2022. The group of senior middle school/secondary vocational school had the highest proportion of cases (40.13%). Injuries occurred in all months, with the highest number of reported cases in June, October, and November, accounting for 33.97%. The main causes of injuries were blunt instrument injuries and falls, accounting for 70.06% and 23.35% respectively. The proportion of male (71.24%) was significantly higher than female (65.22%) in blunt instrument injuries ( χ 2=3.84, P <0.05). Nearly 75.58% of injuries occurred during leisure time. The main locations of injuries took place in schools and roads, accounting for 51.52% and 23.35% respectively. Contusions and sharp instrument injuries were one of the most common types of injuries, accounting for 67.16% and 22.29% respectively. The main area of injury was concentrated in the head, accounting for 59.52%. Most of injuries were mild and moderate, accounting for 72.26% and 27.60 %, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Schools are the main location for physical assault injuries among students, with boys and middle school students being the most vulnerable populations. Targeted intervention measures should be implemented to effectively reduce the occurrence of physical assault injuries among students.
摘要
Abstract@#Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) refers to pulmonary inflammation caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection, commonly seen in children aged 5 and above, with fever and cough as the main clinical symptoms. As the primary transmission is through direct contact and respiratory droplets, MPP is prone to cause cross infections in schools and homes. To improve school based prevention and control of MPP, the article proposes comprehensive and multi link technical requirements for the organization and management system of MPP syndromic surveillance and early warning, monitoring contents and methods, information report and disposal. A set of MPP syndromic surveillance, early warning and management plans in school is formulated to strictly prevent and control clustered epidemics on campus.
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Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23) in Hebei Province and to evaluate the safety of the vaccine. Methods AEFI cases related to vaccination of PPSV-23 in Hebei Province from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were collected through the AEFI surveillance module of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The incidence of reported AEFI cases were then analyzed and compared. Results The reported incidence rate of AEFI of PPSV-23 was 56.12 /100,000 doses, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions was 55.50 /100 000 doses. The incidence rate of common adverse reactions was 53.94/100 000 doses, and the incidence rate of rare adverse reactions was 1.56/100 000 doses. Most of the reported AEFI cases caused by PPSV-23 were common adverse reactions, which occurred mainly within one day after vaccination, and the overall regression was positive. Conclusion The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine used in Hebei Province is safe，but its safety monitoring still needs to be strengthened.
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Objective The long-term epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Huai’an, Jiangsu were analyzed to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of HFMD. Methods The data of HFMD reports, etiological diagnosis and in Huai’an from 2009 to 2022 were described and analyzed. Results A total of 78 535 cases were reported from 2009 to 2022 , with 14-year average annual incidence rate of 114.71/100 000. Before 2020, the incidence rate of HFMD in Huai’an showed the epidemic intensity increased every other year on the whole, and the average annual incidence rate during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) (55.69/100 000) was significantly lower than that in previous years (2009-2019) (129.95/100 000). The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the best fitting model from 2009 to 2022 had no joinpoints, APC=AAPC=-1.24%. The overall trend showed a monotonously decreasing trend, but the trend was not statistically significant. The male-to-female distribution ratio was 1.53:1, and the age distribution was mainly under 5 years old, especially in scattered children. The epidemic season was from April to July. The results of etiological surveillance showed that the co-epidemic of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) during the early stages had changed to the co-epidemic of CV-A16 and CV-A6 in the current period. Conclusion The burden of HFMD in Huai’an was large, and the epidemic intensity increased every other year was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemiological features after the COVID-19 pandemic should be further monitored.
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Objective To investigate the predisposing factors carried out in patients with secondary primary esophageal cancer and the related factors affecting its prognosis.Methods Patients with pathologically definite esophageal cancer diagnosis from 2000-2019 in the Surveillance/Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database were selected,from which the data of patients with other malignancies as the first and esophageal cancer as the second primary(Secondary Primary Esophageal cancer-SPE)were screened,and logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors in patients with secondary primary esophageal cancer,and the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of such patients were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard model.Results A total of 13520 patients with multiple primary malignancies with esophageal cancer,including a total of 8308 patients with secondary primary esophageal cancer.Multiple logistic analysis showed that age,tumor site,tumor differentiation,pathological examines,SEER neoplasm invasiveness and regional lymph node adoption were independent factors influencing the occurrence of SPE,while multiple Cox risk proportion analysis suggested that age,year of diagnosis,race,tumor differentiation,SEER neoplasm invasiveness,surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and triple therapy were independent risk factors influencing SPE.Conclusion This study identified risk factors for secondary primary esophageal cancer,and surgery may be an effective treatment for SPE,which clinicians can use as a reference for diagnosis and treatment.
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Objective Analyze the surveillance results of foodborne illness from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021,to provide a realistic basis for the continuous development and improvement of foodborne disease surveillance.Methods The data were collected from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021 in the food safety risk assessment business application platform of national health insurance information project of National Health Security Disease Control Information System,and stool/anal swab samples were collected as required for pathogen detec-tion.Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of 2 323 cases of foodborne diseases were reported and 682 samples were collected,with a sampling rate of 29.36％,and 134 positive cases were detected,with a detection rate of 19.65％.The difference between the detection rates of different years was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The detection rate of norovirus was the highest(9.53％),followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus(8.94％)and Salmonella(1.91％).The difference between the detection rates of different pathogens was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The sex ratio of 2 323 cases was 1:1.28.Among the different age distributions,20-29 years old accounted for the highest proportion(29.19％),followed by 30-39 years old(27.21％)and＜20 years old(11.71％).The highest number of cases was reported from June to September,the peak was reached from July to Au-gust,and the number of cases was gradually reduced in October and later.Among different occupational groups,housework and unemployed people accounted for the highest proportion(30.18％),followed by farmers(15.93％),students(13.65％)and commercial service workers(11.80％).The main symptoms of the digestive system were diarrhea in 2 093 cases(90.10％),abdominal pain in 1 741 cases(74.95％),nausea in 1 575 cases(67.8％)and vomiting in 1 401 cases(60.31％).The main diarrhea was watery stool in 1 954 cases(84.12％).The main systemic symptoms were fatigue in 454 cases(19.54％)and dehydration in 212 cases(9.13％).The main clinical diagnosis was acute gastroenteritis in 1 980 cases(85.23％)and infec-tious diarrhea in 199 cases(8.57％).The suspected exposed foods were mainly aquatic animals and their products(25.10％)and meat and meat products(19.37％).The main eating places of suspected exposed foods were families(57.34％),followed by restaurants(21.91％),other places(5.94％)and street food stalls(5.21％).Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the pathogens of foodborne diseases detected were mainly norovirus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,mainly in the age group of 20 to 39 years old,and the occupation distribution was mainly household and unemployed people,farmers,students and commercial serv-ice personnel,with digestive system symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea.The suspected exposed foods are mainly aquatic animals and their products and meat and meat products,and the main eating places are families,restau-rants and street food stalls.The surveillance and reporting of foodborne diseases should continue to be strengthened in the future.
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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae（CRE）is one of the common pathogens of hospital-acquired infections and has been widely spread in various countries，becoming one of the important public health problems worldwide.With the increase in the proportion of pediatric patients with CRE infections，studies related to the prevention and the control of CRE nosocomial infections have focused more on this group in recent years.Early prevention is particularly important because of the very limited treatment options for CRE infections and the high morbidity and mortality rates.Active screening，as a core measure to prevent CRE infection，has been implemented in several countries in recent years and has been shown to have a positive effect on the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in CRE.The target population of active screening generally includes people in close contact with CRE patients and people at high risk of CRE infection；screening specimens are mostly used in perianal swabs or rectal swabs；detection methods include bacterial culture and molecular detection techniques，with the former being the main method；the timing of screening is to collect the initial specimen within 24 hours of new admission，and follow up people at high risk of infection with regular testing.
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Purpose/Significance The paper systematically reviews relevant research on infectious disease prediction models based on internet data,helps to realize the advancement of infectious disease surveillance,and provides references for the construction of intelli-gent three-dimensional prevention and treatment system of infectious diseases.Method/Process The development history and research direction of infectious disease surveillance and early warning based on internet data collected in the core database of Web of Science and CNKI in the past 20 years are reviewed,major existing problems and challenges are analyzed,and common prediction models and their optimization directions are summarized.Result/Conclusion The study on internet infectious disease surveillance shows the trend of diver-sification of monitoring diseases,refinement and specialization of data sources.Due to the complexity and uncertainty of internet data,most of the existing models are only suitable for short-term or real-time prediction.By constructing a combination model,strengthening multi-source data fusion,improving the selection of keywords and influencing factors,the model can be further optimized and the fitting effect and prediction capacity can be strengthened.
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Objective To investigate the implementation of surveillance,prevention and control measures for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in maternal and child healthcare(MCH)institutions,and provide policy evi-dence for optimizing HAI prevention and control in MCH institutions.Methods Stratified sampling was conducted among the MCH institutions at provincial,municipal and county levels in 8 provinces/autonomous regions.A uni-fied questionnaire was designed and the online survey was conducted through"Questionnaire Star".Results The data from 123 MCH institutions were included in the analysis.90.24％of the MCH institutions carried out compre-hensive surveillance on HAI.The ratios of MCH institutions which implemented targeted surveillance on HAI in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),surgical site infection,multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs)and HAI in intensive care units(non-NICU excluded)were 89.66％,85.96％,80.77％,and 74.19％,respectively.51.22％MCH institutions adopted information surveillance system on HAI cases.94.31％MCH institutions carried out surveillance on hand hygiene compliance.Over 90％MCH institutions carried out surveillance on environment hy-giene in high-risk departments.71.54％MCH institutions conducted centralized cleaning,disinfection,sterilization and supply for reusable medical instruments in the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Over 90％MCH insti-tutions established three-level pre-examination triage systems.86.18％set up transitional wards.MCH institutions generally adopted a management model with established effective communication,full appointment visits,and sepa-rate visits for special medical groups,such as registered pregnant women,high-risk newborns,healthcare groups,and long-term rehabilitation patients.However,the ratio of institutions conducting on-line follow-up visits was less than 50％.Conclusion MCH institutions have generally carried out comprehensive and targeted surveillance on HAI.Information surveillance need to be facilitated.Hand hygiene and environmental hygiene surveillance has been popularized to a certain extent at all levels of MCH institutions.The cleaning,disinfection,sterilization,and supply processes of reusable medical devices in a few MCH institutions are not standardized.Special medical populations get effective management.On-line healthcare is to be further promoted.
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Objective:To analyze the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2021 and provide a scientific basis for monitoring of CJD in Guizhou Province.Methods:In this retrospective study, epidemiological and clinical information on suspected CJD cases reported by nine hospitals in Guizhou Province was collected and analyzed based on the laboratory test results of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and skin samples from the patients.Results:From 2017 to 2021, a total of 47 patients with suspected CJD were reported in Guizhou Province, including 22 confirmed patients. Of these patients, 18 patients (18/22) were clinically diagnosed with sporadic CJD, 2 patients (2/22) were clinically suspected of having sCJD, and 2 patients (2/22) were confirmed to have genetic CJD. All patients primarily presented with rapid progressive dementia, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings of the head are the main auxiliary examination results (16/20). The positive rate of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid was high (14/21). The blood sample PRNP gene testing revealed that 129 amino acids were M/M homozygous, while 219 amino acids were E/E homozygous. Except for T188K and E200K mutations detected by PRNP gene testing in 2 gCJD cases, no other site mutations were found, and 5 cases were positive for skin PrPSc. Patients' geographical distribution showed no obvious clustering. Patients have a wide range of occupations. The male-to-female ratio was 13:9, with a median age of 64 years. The majority of the patients were Han Chinese, and there was no special epidemiological history. Conclusion:The majority of the confirmed CJD patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2021 are sporadic CJD patients, and their residence, occupation, gender ratio, age distribution, and other characteristics are consistent with the incidence patterns of sporadic CJD.