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Objective: To evaluate the profile and survival of patients diagnosed with Myasthenia Gravis, by reviewing medical records of neurological consultations at a referral service in the interior of Pará (Brazil), between 2005 and 2020. Methods: a historical, observational and retrospective cohort study. 36 participants were included. Survival analysis methods were used to identify prognostic factors for disease remission at the observation time of 36 months. The correlation between the variables and the death outcome was performed using the chi-square test. Results: Most patients were women (66.6%) and had the generalized form of the disease (86.1%). The most prevalent symptoms were: ophthalmoparesis (97.2%), fatigability (75%) and dysphagia (72.2%). Among the complications, 19.4% had myasthenic crisis. The dosage of antiacetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody was positive in 58.3% and 69.4% underwent electroneuromyography, and 72% of them had electrodecrement. Most of the patients responded to the staggered standard treatment and achieved remission (83.3%), while 16.6% died. Survival analysis showed through Kaplan-Meier curves and Log-rank test that the variables related to poor control were male gender (p=0.01), thymus disease (p=0.02) and use of cyclosporine (p=0.02). The factors that influenced the death outcome were male gender, cyclosporine and thymectomy. Conclusion: The study showed that the evolution of people with Myasthenia Gravis over 15 years and the poor prognostic factors were equivalent to the international literature.
Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil e a sobrevida de pacientes com diagnóstico de Miastenia Gravis, por meio da revisão de prontuários de consultas neurológicas em um serviço de referência no interior do Pará (Brasil), entre 2005 e 2020. Métodos: estudo de coorte histórico, observacional e retrospectivo. 36 participantes foram incluídos. Métodos de análise de sobrevivência foram utilizados para identificar fatores prognósticos para remissão da doença no período de observação de 36 meses. A correlação entre as variáveis e o desfecho de óbito foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (66,6%) e apresentavam a forma generalizada da doença (86,1%). Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram: oftalmoparesia (97,2%), fadiga (75%) e disfagia (72,2%). Dentre as complicações, 19,4% tiveram crise miastênica. A dosagem do anticorpo anti-receptor de acetilcolina (AChR) foi positiva em 58,3% e 69,4% realizaram eletroneuromiografia, sendo que 72% deles apresentaram eletrodecremento. A maioria dos pacientes respondeu ao tratamento padrão escalonado e obteve remissão (83,3%), enquanto 16,6% morreram. A análise de sobrevivência mostrou através de curvas de Kaplan-Meier e teste Log-rank que as variáveis relacionadas ao mau controle foram sexo masculino (p=0,01), doença do timo (p=0,02) e uso de ciclosporina (p=0,02). Os fatores que influenciaram no desfecho óbito foram sexo masculino, ciclosporina e timectomia. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que a evolução das pessoas com Miastenia Gravis ao longo de 15 anos e os fatores de mau prognóstico foram equivalentes à literatura internacional.
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Introducción. En Colombia, solo un 24 % de los pacientes en lista recibieron un trasplante renal, la mayoría de donante cadavérico. Para la asignación de órganos se considera el HLA A-B-DR, pero la evidencia reciente sugiere que el HLA A-B no está asociado con los desenlaces del trasplante. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relevancia del HLA A-B-DR en la sobrevida del injerto de los receptores de trasplante renal. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes trasplantados renales con donante cadavérico en Colombiana de Trasplantes, desde 2008 a 2023. Se aplicó un propensity score matching (PSM) para ajustar las covariables en grupos de comparación por compatibilidad y se evaluó la relación del HLA A-B-DR con la sobrevida del injerto renal por medio de la prueba de log rank y la regresión de Cox. Resultados. Se identificaron 1337 pacientes transplantados renales, de los cuales fueron mujeres un 38,7 %, con mediana de edad de 47 años y de índice de masa corporal de 23,8 kg/m2. Tras ajustar por PSM las covariables para los grupos de comparación, la compatibilidad del HLA A-B no se relacionó significativamente con la pérdida del injerto, con HR de 0,99 (IC95% 0,71-1,37) para HLA A y 0,75 (IC95% 0,55-1,02) para HLA B. Solo la compatibilidad por HLA DR fue significativa para pérdida del injerto con un HR de 0,67 (IC95% 0,46-0,98). Conclusión. Este estudio sugiere que la compatibilidad del HLA A-B no influye significativamente en la pérdida del injerto, mientras que la compatibilidad del HLA DR sí mejora la sobrevida del injerto en trasplante renal con donante cadavérico
Introduction. In Colombia, only 24% of patients on the waiting list received a renal transplant, most of them from cadaveric donors. HLA A-B-DR is considered for organ allocation, but recent evidence suggests that HLA A-B is not associated with transplant outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relevance of HLA A-B-DR on graft survival in kidney transplant recipients. Methods. Retrospective cohort study that included kidney transplant recipients with a cadaveric donor in Colombiana de Trasplantes from 2008 to 2023. A propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to adjust the covariates in comparison groups for compatibility, and the relationship of HLA A-B-DR with kidney graft survival was evaluated using the log rank test and Cox regression. Results. A total of 1337 kidney transplant patients were identified; of those, 38.7% were female, with median age of 47 years, and BMI 23.8 kg/m2. After adjusting the covariates with PSM for the comparison groups, HLA A-B matching was not significantly related to graft loss, with HR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.71-1.37) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.55-1.02), respectively. Only HLA DR matching was significant for graft loss with an HR of 0.67 (95% CI 0.46-0.98). Conclusions. This study suggests that HLA A-B matching does not significantly influence graft loss, whereas HLA DR matching does improve graft survival in renal transplantation with a cadaveric donor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation , Graft Rejection , HLA Antigens , Survival Analysis , Organ Transplantation , Propensity Score摘要
Introducción. La enfermedad renal crónica es responsable de aproximadamente 2,4 millones de defunciones a nivel mundial. La supervivencia a los cinco años después de iniciar diálisis se encuentra entre un 39 a 60 % dependiendo del país. Objetivo. Describir la situación epidemiológica de los pacientes con diálisis y analizar los factores que influyen en la supervivencia de pacientes a cinco años de iniciar tratamiento sustitutivo renal en El Salvador. Metodología. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de los pacientes incluidos en el Registro Nacional de Diálisis y Trasplante Renal desde enero de 2016 hasta febrero de 2023. El seguimiento se comenzó al inicio de la diálisis, el evento de interés fue la muerte del paciente. Se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier para determinar la supervivencia al año y a los cinco años y la regresión de Cox con el modelo de Royston-Parmar para analizar los factores que influyen sobre la supervivencia a los cinco años. Resultados. El estudio incluyó 7088 pacientes, la supervivencia a uno y cinco años fue del 79,5 % (IC 95 %: 78,6-80,5) y 50,6 % (IC 95 %: 49,1-52,1) respectivamente. La regresión de Cox para la edad de inicio de tratamiento resultó en un hazard ratio de 1,02 (IC 95 %: 1,01-1,02), mientras que para el oficio de ser agricultor el hazard ratio fue 1,1 (IC 95 %: 1,01-1,18) y para la etiología hipertensiva el hazard ratio fue de 0,7 (IC 95 %: 0,64-0,78). Conclusión. La edad de inicio de tratamiento y el ser agricultor están asociados con una menor supervivencia a cinco años en pacientes con diálisis
Introduction. The chronic kidney disease is responsible for approximately 2.4 million deaths worldwide, in El Salvador during 2019 death rate was 72.9 for 100 000 habitants, five year survival in patients after starting dialysis was between 39 and 60 % depending on the country. Objective. Analyze the factors that influence the five years survival in patients after starting renal replacement therapy in El Salvador. Methodology. It is a retrospective cohort study from patients included in dialysis and renal replacement therapy national registry from January 2016 to February 2023, the start point for the following was the initiation of dialysis, the event of interest was patient Ìs death, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine one year and five year survival; and Cox regression with Royston-Parmar model was used to analyze the factors that influence survival. Results. The study included 7088 patients, one and five-years survival was 79.5 % (CI 95 %: 78.6-80.5) and 50.6 % (CI 95 %: 49.1-52.1) respectively. The Cox regression for age of treatment initiation resulted in a hazard ratio of 1.02 (CI 95 %: 1.01-1.02), while for farmers, the hazard ratio was 1.09 (CI 95 %: 1.00-1.18), for hypertensive etiology the hazard ratio was 0.7 (CI 95 %: 0.64-0.78). Conclusion. Data suggest that age of treatment initiation, and jobs related to agriculture were associated with less five year survival in dialysis patients.
Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency , El Salvador摘要
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment methods,and prognosis of a-cute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration.Methods The clinical characteristics and treatment methods of 47 acute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from April 2014 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Subgroup analysis was performed according to whether there was extramedullary infiltration before transplantation,and whether there was isolated extramedullary recurrence after transplantation.Based on this analysis,the patients were di-vided into the pre-transplantation radiotherapy group and pre-transplantation non-radiotherapy group,the post-transplantation radiotherapy group and post-transplantation non-radiotherapy group.According to the treatment methods of central nervous system leukemia(CNSL),the patients were divided into the intrathecal injection group(n=12)and combination of intrathecal injection and radiotherapy group(n=13).The local remission situation,survival duration,and toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were com-pared.Results For acute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration,the overall survival time(OS)in the radiotherapy group was better than that in the non-radiotherapy group(median OS:706 d vs.151 d,P=0.015).Subgroup analysis showed that the OS of the pre-transplantation radiotherapy group was better than that of the pre-transplantation non-radiotherapy group(median OS:592 d vs.386 d,P=0.035).For CNSL,the combination of intrathecal injection and radiotherapy group had a better OS than the intrathecal injection group(median OS:547 d vs.388 d,P=0.045).The event-free survival time(EFS)of the radiotherapy group was better than that of the non-radiotherapy group(median EFS:175 d vs.50 d,P=0.005).The COX pro-portional-hazards model showed that treatment with or without radiotherapy had a significant impact on the OS of acute leukemia patients with extramedullary infiltration.The risk of death in the pre-transplantation non-radiotherapy group was 2.231 times higher than that in the pre-transplantation radiotherapy group(HR=3.231,95％CI:1.021-10.227,P=0.046).Compared with the non-radiotherapy group,the radiother-apy group had a higher local remission and a lower risk of haematological toxicity,infection,and haemorrhage.Conclusion Radiotherapy can rapidly alleviate the local symptoms of acute leukemia complicated with extr-amedullary infiltration,prolong the survival time of these patients,and reduce the risk of hematologic toxicity,infection,and haemorrhage.
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Objective To analyze the independent factors impacting the in-hospital prognosis of patients with septic shock,and to construct a simplified scoring system and evaluate its predictive value.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 247 patients with septic shock admitted to the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2021 to July 2022,among whom 122 patients survived and 125 died.Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to screen the independent factors affecting in-hospital mortality of septic shock patients.The best cut-off value was ob-tained by using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve,and the continuous variables were conver-ted into binary variables and assigned.Finally,a simplified scoring system was established,and its predictive efficacy for hospital death in septic shock patients was verified.Results The results of multivariate Cox pro-portional hazard regression model showed that the Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score(HR=0.929,95%CI:0.875-0.985,P=0.014),quick sequential organ failure assessment(qSOFA)score(HR=1.475,95%CI:1.094-1.989,P=0.011),lactate level(HR=1.096,95%CI:1.049-1.145,P<0.001),procalcitonin level(HR=1.009,95%CI:1.000-1.018,P=0.048),and albumin level(HR=0.958,95%CI:0.922-0.996,P=0.029)were identified as independent influencing factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock.The ROC curve showed that the simplified scoring system,based on GCS score,qSOFA score,lactate,procalcitonin,and albumin levels,exhibited an area under the curve and 95%CI of 0.866(0.822-0.910),with an optimal cutoff value of 2.5.The sensitivity and specificity were 80.0%and 78.7%,respectively.Con-clusion The simplified scoring system,based on early assessments of GCS score,qSOFA score,lactate,pro-calcitonin,and albumin levels,demonstrates substantial predictive value for in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of surgery,chemotherapy and surgery combined chemotherapy for retinoblastoma(RB),and analyze the prognostic factors of RB patients.Methods Clinical data of 1188 RB patients registered in the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database from January 2000 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The baseline characteristics of patients treated with surgery,chemotherapy or surgery combined with chemotherapy were balanced by inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW).Log-rank test analysis was used to compare the survival probability of patients in the 3 groups,and Cox regression models were used to analyse the factors influencing the prognosis of RB patients.Results A total of 1188 RB cases were included in this study,including 426 cases in surgery group,200 cases in chemotherapy group and 562 cases in surgery combined with chemotherapy group.After IPTW weighting,baseline data such as age,sex and race were balanced(P＞0.05).Log-rank test results showed that the survival curves of the three groups were significantly different before and after weighting(P＜0.05).After weighted,the survival of patients in surgery group was significantly better than that in chemotherapy group and surgery combined chemotherapy group(P＜0.05),and there was no statistical significance between chemotherapy group and surgery combined chemotherapy group(P＞0.05).The weighted patient survival probability at 1st,3rd and 5th years were 99.7%,98.9%and 98.6%in surgery group;97.4%,95.8%and 95.8%in chemotherapy group;and 97.9%,95.8%and 95.0%in surgery combined chemotherapy group.Cox regression analysis showed that compared with surgery group,the specific risk ratio of death was 1.367(95%CI 1.100-1.700)in chemotherapy group and 1.132(95%CI 0.963-1.330)in combined chemotherapy group.Compared with patients with 1 RB lesion,the patient-specific mortality risk ratio for patients with 2 or more RB lesions was 0.399(95%CI 0.268-0.594).Conclusions Patients with RB have higher survival rates probability after treatment.After controlling the influence of age,sex and other factors,the effect of surgery was better among the three treatment methods.Multifocality may be an independent prognostic factor in RB patients.
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Objective To understand the current situation of breastfeeding duration in children aged 0-5 years in Yunnan Province,and to explore the influencing factors of breastfeeding duration.Methods Using the data of the 6th National Health Service Survey in Yunnan Province,1582 children aged 0～5 years in Yunnan Province were selected as the research subjects,and the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of breastfeeding duration.Results The mean duration of breastfeeding for children aged 0～5 years in Yunnan Province was 9.29 months,and region,time of complementary food addition,time of suckling and family income were the main factors influencing the duration of breastfeeding.Conclusion The duration of breastfeeding for children aged 0～5 years in Yunnan Province deviates significantly from the recommendations provided by both the World Health Organization(WHO)and China's child breastfeeding guidelines.Given the current situation,the relevant departments must enhance their focus on this issue.
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Objective:To analyze the influencing factors related to the prognosis of delayed replantation of avulsed permanent teeth.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 35 patients with 38 affected teeth underwent delayed replantation of permanent teeth.According to the prognosis after 12 to 108 months of follow-up,the replantation results of the cases were divided into-success,survival and failure groups.Survival curves were plotted using Kaplan-Meier method,Log-Rank test was used for univariate analysis,and Cox proportional risk regression models were used for multivariate analysis to assess the effects of gender,age,degree of tooth development,mode of tooth preservation and mode of endodontic treatment on the survival rate of replanted teeth.Results:Of the 38 replanted teeth,3 were successful,28 remained and 10 failed.The 9-year cumulative survival rate of the replanted teeth was 34.7％.The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the survival rate of the replanted teeth in the groups with different sex,age,degree of tooth development and the mode of preservation of avulsed teeth(P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the cumulative survival rate of the replanted teeth among the groups with different endodontic treatment(P＜0.01),which showed that the cumulative survival rate in the root canal filling group＞continuous root canal sealing group＞pulp preserva-tion treatment group.Conclusion:For the delayed replantation of avulsed premanent teeth,survival prognosis of the teeth treated with pulp preservation is poor,early pulp extraction and root canal filling are recommended.
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Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and factors that may affect the flare of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:A total of 300 patients with SLE who were treated with standard treatment in the outpatient clinic of the department of rheumatology and immunology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University of PLA, were enrolled, and the patients were divided into 24 patients in the complete response group, 40 cases in the no response group, 192 cases in the treatment response group, and 44 cases in the low disease activity group according to the response to treatment. The differences in clinical characteristics and survival rates between the groups were compared and analyzed. Comparisons of count data were made using analysis of variance (ANOVA), comparisons of measurement data were made using the chi-square test or the Fisher′s ecact test, and survival rates were expressed as Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression analysis was adapted to explore risk factors for flare in these patients.Results:A total of 300 patients were followed. With a median follow-up time of 18 (1, 36) months, a total of 42 patients experienced flare. The clinical characteristics of the four groups were compared, and there were significant differences in age ( F=4.39, P=0.005), the presence of lupus nephritis ( χ2=12.66, P=0.005), hemoglobin level ( F=2.73, P=0.044), NLR level( F=3.88, P=0.010), cystatin C level( F=3.11, P=0.027), anti-RNP antibody ( χ2=12.04, P=0.007), anti-Sm antibody ( χ2=8.33, P=0.040), anti-SSB antibody ( P=0.014), anti-nucleosome antibody ( P=0.014), and anti-ribosomal P protein antibody ( χ2=11.83, P=0.008). There was no significant difference in survival between the four groups. Cox analysis showed that the combination of other autoimmune diseases [ HR(95%CI)=3.23(1.58, 6.57), P=0.001], anti-Sm antibody [ HR(95%CI)=2.15(1.04, 4.43), P=0.038], and anti-RNP antibody [ HR(95%CI)=2.54(1.13, 5.68), P=0.023] were risk factors for flare in patients with SLE who could reach the treatment target. Conclusion:Patients with SLE with different treatment responses have different clinical features, and all treatment can significantly improve the recurrence rate no matter what level of response to treatment. Patients concurrent with other autoimmune diseases, positive anti-Sm antibodies, and positive anti-RNP antibodies are at highrisk of flare.
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@#Objective To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the overall survival (OS) of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to establish an individualized nomogram model and evaluate its efficacy, in order to provide a possible evaluation basis for the clinical treatment and postoperative follow-up of ESCC patients. Methods AGR, NLR, clinicopathological and follow-up data of ESCC patients diagnosed via pathology in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2010 to 2017 were collected. The correlation between NLR/AGR and clinicopathological data were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. The optimal cut-off values of AGR and NLR were determined by X-tile software, and the patients were accordingly divided into a high-level group and a low-level group. At the same time, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors affecting OS in the ESCC patients, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and internally verified. The diagnostic efficacy of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve, and the clinical application value was evaluated by decision curve analysis. Results A total of 150 patients were included in this study, including 105 males and 45 females with a mean age of 62.3±9.3 years, and the follow-up time was 1-5 years. The 5-year OS rate of patients in the high-level AGR group was significantly higher than that in the low-level group (χ2=6.339, P=0.012), and the median OS of the two groups was 25 months and 12.5 months, respectively. The 5-year OS rate of patients in the high-level NLR group was significantly lower than that in the low-level NLR group (χ2=5.603, P=0.018), and the median OS of the two groups was 18 months and 39 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that AGR, NLR, T stage, lymph node metastasis, N stage, and differentiation were independent risk factors for the OS of ESCC patients. The C-index of the nomogram model was 0.689 [95%CI (0.640, 0.740)] after internal validation. The area under the ROC curve of predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rate was 0.773, 0.724 and 0.725, respectively. At the same time, the calibration curve and the decision curve suggest that the model had certain efficacy in predicting survival and prognosis. Conclusion Preoperative AGR and NLR are independent risk factors for ESCC patients. High level of AGR and low level of NLR may be associated with longer OS in the patients; the nomogram model based on AGR, NLR and clinicopathological features may be used as a method to predict the survival and prognosis of ESCC patients, which is expected to provide a reference for the development of personalized treatment for patients.
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ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors and survival analysis of chemotherapy compliance in ≥65 years old patients with non-small cell lung cancer. MethodsFrom December 2018 to August 2020， 110 patients with non-small cell lung cancer ≥65 years old in our hospital were selected for study. According to their chemotherapy compliance， the patients were divided into untreated （25 cases）， partial chemotherapy （30 cases） and full chemotherapy （55 cases）. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the compliance of chemotherapy among the three groups， and constructed a column chart prediction model and evaluated the diagnostic effectiveness of the model using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves， calibration curves， and clinical decision curves. The patients were followed up until August 2023. Kaplan-Meyer survival curve and Log-rank test were used to compare the differences in survival time between the groups. ResultsThere were significant differences among the three groups in gender， long-term smoking history， education level， Charlson complication index， toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs and dosage， pathological type， operation mode， place of residence， payment mode， chemotherapy stage， white blood cell count and neutrophils （P<0.05）. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients' education level， pathological TNM stage， toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs and dosage， operation mode， residence， payment mode and chemotherapy stage were independent risk factors affecting chemotherapy compliance of patients with non-small cell lung cancer （all P<0.05）. There were significant differences in the survival rates between the non-chemotherapy group and the full chemotherapy group， and between the partial chemotherapy group and the full chemotherapy group （P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference between the non-chemotherapy group and the partial chemotherapy group （P>0.05）. And based on this， a prediction model was constructed， and the ROC curve was drawn to show that the AUC of the model was 0.758 （95%CI： 0.743‒0.855）， the sensitivity was 0.788， and the specificity was 0.853， indicating that the model had high discrimination， the calibration curve indicated that the prediction model had good accuracy， the clinical decision curve indicated that the predictive model had strong clinical practicality. ConclusionNSCLC tends to occur in the elderly. We should focus on the patients with low educational level， late pathological TNM stage， severe toxicity and side effects， high dose of chemotherapy drugs， having undergone open chest surgery， living in rural areas， without medical insurance， and in the period of chemotherapy consolidation and refractory relapse， so as to improve their compliance with chemotherapy.
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Abstract@#Survival analysis has been widely used in the field of medical research. The Cox proportional hazard model is commonly used, but its practical application is limited. Machine learning method can compensate for the shortcomings of the Cox proportional hazard model in terms of nonlinear data processing and prediction accuracy. This article reviewed the advance of machine learning methods represented by neural networks, within the field of survival analysis, and highlighted the principles and benefits of three machine learning methods that DeepSurv, Deep-Hit and random survival forest, providing methodological insights for the analysis of complex survival data.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of hypertension and its influencing factors in community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in Minhang District of Shanghai， and to provide scientific evidence for the community management. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the electronic health records of community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in Minhang District， Shanghai from January 1， 2011 to December 31， 2017. The study end-point was the occurrence of hypertension，and the followup was finished in December 2021. A total of 17 265 community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure were enrolled in our study. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors. ResultsAfter 6.04 years of follow-up， the hypertension incidence among community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in Minhang District of Shanghai was 25.5%. Family history of hypertension （HR=1.250， 95%CI： 1.168‒1.338）， family history of stroke （HR=1.295， 95%CI： 1.080‒1.553）， history of diabetes （HR=1.203， 95%CI： 1.076‒1.345）， daily smoking （HR=1.187， 95%CI： 1.087‒1.296）， overweight （HR=1.393， 95%CI：1.308‒1.484）， obesity（HR=1.903， 95%CI： 1.719‒2.106）， high values of normal blood pressure （HR=1.275， 95%CI： 1.195‒1.359） and advanced age （HR=1.033， 95%CI： 1.030‒1.036） were all risk factors. Emaciation （HR=0.649， 95%CI： 0.500‒0.840） was a protective factors. ConclusionBlood pressure monitoring should be strengthened for people elderly， with family history of hypertension， family history of stroke， diabetes or high values of normal blood pressure， so as to diagnose hypertension early. Timely intervention measures should be taken for community-dwellers with unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking， overweight and obesity.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite the preference for multimodal treatment for gastric cancer, abandonment of chemotherapy treatment as well as the need for upfront surgery in obstructed patients brings negative impacts on the treatment. The difficulty of accessing treatment in specialized centers in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) scenario is an aggravating factor. AIMS: To identify advantages, prognostic factors, complications, and neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies survival in gastric cancer treatment in SUS setting. METHODS: The retrospective study included 81 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent treatment according to INT0116 trial (adjuvant chemoradiotherapy), CLASSIC trial (adjuvant chemotherapy), FLOT4-AIO trial (perioperative chemotherapy), and surgery with curative intention (R0 resection and D2 lymphadenectomy) in a single cancer center between 2015 and 2020. Individuals with other histological types, gastric stump, esophageal cancer, other treatment protocols, and stage Ia or IV were excluded. RESULTS: Patients were grouped into FLOT4-AIO (26 patients), CLASSIC (25 patients), and INT0116 (30 patients). The average age was 61 years old. More than 60% of patients had pathological stage III. The treatment completion rate was 56%. The pathological complete response rate of the FLOT4-AIO group was 7.7%. Among the prognostic factors that impacted overall survival and disease-free survival were alcoholism, early postoperative complications, and anatomopathological status pN2 and pN3. The 3-year overall survival rate was 64.9%, with the CLASSIC subgroup having the best survival (79.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment strategy for gastric cancer varies according to the need for initial surgery. The CLASSIC subgroup had better overall survival and disease-free survival. The INT0116 regimen also protected against mortality, but not with statistical significance. Although FLOT4-AIO is the preferred treatment, the difficulty in carrying out neoadjuvant treatment in SUS scenario had a negative impact on the results due to the criticality of food intake and worse treatment tolerance.
RESUMO RACIONAL: Apesar da preferência pelo tratamento multimodal para o câncer gástrico, o abandono do tratamento quimioterápico bem como a necessidade de cirurgia "upfront" em pacientes obstruídos traz impactos negativos para o tratamento. A dificuldade de acesso ao tratamento em centros especializados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é um agravante. OBJETIVOS: Identificar vantagens, fatores prognósticos, complicações e sobrevida de terapias neoadjuvantes e adjuvantes no tratamento do câncer gástrico no cenário do SUS. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo incluindo 81 pacientes com adenocarcinoma gástrico submetidos a tratamento segundo os protocolos INT0116 (quimiorradioterapia adjuvante), CLASSIC (quimioterapia adjuvante), FLOT4-AIO (quimioterapia perioperatória) e cirurgia com intuito curativo (ressecção R0 e linfadenectomia D2) em um único centro oncológico entre 2015 e 2020. Indivíduos com outros tipos histológicos, coto gástrico, câncer de esôfago, outros protocolos de tratamento e estádio Ia ou IV foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram distribuídos em: FLOT4-AIO (26 pacientes), CLASSIC (25 pacientes) e INT0116 (30 pacientes). A média de idade foi 61 anos. Mais de 60% dos pacientes apresentaram estádio III patológico. A taxa de completude do tratamento foi 56%. A taxa de resposta patológica completa do grupo FLOT4-AIO foi 7,7%. Dentre os fatores prognósticos que impactaram a sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de doença tivemos etilismo, complicações pós-operatórias precoces, status anatomopatológico pN2 e pN3. A taxa de sobrevida global em 3 anos foi 64,9% sendo o subgrupo CLASSIC com melhor sobrevida (79,8%). CONCLUSÕES: A estratégia de tratamento do câncer gástrico varia de acordo com a necessidade de cirurgia inicial. O subgrupo CLASSIC apresentou melhor sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de doença. O esquema INT0116 também protegeu contra a mortalidade, mas não com significância estatística. Apesar do FLOT4-AIO ser o tratamento de escolha, a dificuldade na realização da neoadjuvância no âmbito do SUS impactou negativamente nos resultados devido à criticidade da ingesta alimentar e à pior tolerância ao tratamento.
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Abstract Background To explore the correlation of pre-treatment Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet (HALP) score with the prognosis of patients with advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) undergoing first-line conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 203 patients with advanced NSCLC were recruited from January 2017 to December 2021. The cut-off value for the HALP score was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The baseline characteristics and blood parameters were recorded, and the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied for the survival analysis. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, the Cox regression analysis was carried out. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by the Concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve and compared with a single HALP score by ROC curve analysis. Results The optimal cut-off value for the HALP score was 28.02. The lower HALP score was closely associated with poorer Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). The male gender and other pathological types were associated with shorter OS. Disease progression and low HALP were correlated with shorter OS and PFS. In addition, nomograms were established based on HALP scores, gender, pathology type and efficacy rating, and used to predict OS. The C-index for OS prediction was 0.7036 (95% CI 0.643 to 0.7643), which was significantly higher than the C-index of HALP at 6-, 12-, and 24-months. Conclusion The HALP score is associated with the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients receiving conventional platinum-based chemotherapy, and the nomogram established based on the HALP score has a better predictive capability for OS.
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Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to create two consensus nomograms for predicting Overall Survival (OS) and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) in adults with papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC). Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases, a retrospective analysis of 1,074 adults with pRCC from 2004 to 2015 was performed. These patients were then randomly divided into two independent cohorts with a ratio of 7:3 (training cohort: 752; validation cohort: 322). In a retrospective analysis of 752 patients from the training cohort, independent prognostic variables affecting OS and CSS were found. R software was used to create prognostic nomograms based on the findings of Cox regression analysis. The performance of the nomograms was assessed using the Concordance Index (C-index), the Area Under Curve (AUC), a calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Data from the 107 postoperative pRCC patients at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were used for external validation of the nomogram. Results For OS and CSS, the C-indices and AUCs of the training cohort and the validation cohort indicated that the model had excellent discrimination. The DCA demonstrated that the model was clinically applicable, and the calibration curves in the internal and external validations showed that the model's accuracy was high. Conclusion The authors developed and validated a prognostic nomogram that accurately predicted the 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS and CSS of adults with pRCC. Clinicians can use this knowledge to direct the clinical management and counseling of patients with pRCC.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatic retransplantation is associated with higher morbidity and mortality when compared to primary transplantation. Given the scarcity of organs and the need for efficient allocation, evaluating parameters that can predict post-retransplant survival is crucial. AIMS: This study aimed to analyze prognostic scores and outcomes of hepatic retransplantation. METHODS: Data on primary transplants and retransplants carried out in the state of Paraná in 2019 and 2020 were analyzed. The two groups were compared based on 30-day survival and the main prognostic scores of the donor and recipient, namely Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD-albumin (MELD-a), Donor MELD (D-MELD), Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (SOFT), Preallocation Score to Predict Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (P-SOFT), and Balance of Risk (BAR). RESULTS: A total of 425 primary transplants and 30 retransplants were included in the study. The main etiology of hepatopathy in primary transplantation was ethylism (n=140; 31.0%), and the main reasons for retransplantation were primary graft dysfunction (n=10; 33.3%) and hepatic artery thrombosis (n=8; 26.2%). The 30-day survival rate was higher in primary transplants than in retransplants (80.5% vs. 36.7%, p=0.001). Prognostic scores were higher in retransplants than in primary transplants: MELD 30.6 vs. 20.7 (p=0.001); MELD-a 31.5 vs. 23.5 (p=0.001); D-MELD 1234.4 vs. 834.0 (p=0.034); SOFT 22.3 vs. 8.2 (p=0.001); P-SOFT 22.2 vs. 7.8 (p=0.001); and BAR 15.6 vs. 8.3 (p=0.001). No difference was found in terms of Donor Risk Index (DRI). CONCLUSIONS: Retransplants exhibited lower survival rates at 30 days, as predicted by prognostic scores, but unrelated to the donor's condition.
RESUMO RACIONAL: O retransplante hepático está associado a maior morbimortalidade do que o transplante primário. Dada a escassez de órgãos e a necessidade de alocação eficiente, avaliar parâmetros que possam prever a sobrevida pós-retransmissão é crucial. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os resultados dos retransplantes hepáticos em relação aos principais escores prognósticos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os transplantes primários e os retransplantes realizados no Estado do Paraná nos anos de 2019 e 2020. Os dois grupos foram comparados em relação à sobrevida em 30 dias e aos principais escores prognósticos do doador e do receptor: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD-albumin (MELD-a), Donor MELD (D-MELD), Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (SOFT), Preallocation Score to Predict Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (P-SOFT) e Balance of Risk (BAR). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 425 transplantes primários e 30 retransplantes. A principal etiologia da hepatopatia no transplante primário dos pacientes retransplantados foi o etilismo (n=140; 31,0%), e os principais motivos para os retransplantes foram o não funcionamento primário do enxerto (n=10; 33,3%) e a trombose da artéria hepática (n=8; 26,2%). A sobrevida em 30 dias foi maior nos transplantes primários em relação aos retransplantes (80,5% vs 36,7%; p=0,001). Os escores prognósticos foram mais elevados nos retransplantes em relação aos transplantes primários: MELD 30,6 vs 20,7 (p=0,001); MELD-a 31,5 vs 23,5 (p=0,001); D-MELD 1234,4 vs 834,0 (p=0,034); SOFT 22,3 vs 8,2 (p=0,001); P-SOFT 22,2 vs 7,8 (p=0,001); e BAR 15,6 vs 8,3 (p=0,001). Não foi observada diferença em relação ao Índice de Risco do Doador. CONCLUSÕES: Os retransplantes apresentam menor sobrevida em 30 dias, prevista nos escores prognósticos, porém sem relação com a qualidade dos doadores.
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Abstract Objective: To compare conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE) in terms of efficacy, survival, and adverse effects in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are not candidates for curative therapy. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent cTACE or DEB-TACE for palliative treatment between January 2009 and December 2021. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: We evaluated 268 patients, of whom 70 underwent DEB-TACE and 198 underwent cTACE. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding sex, age, or etiology of cirrhosis. The proportion of patients achieving a complete response on imaging examinations was higher in the cTACE group (31.8% vs. 16.1%), whereas that of patients achieving a partial response was higher in the DEB-TACE group (33.9% vs.19.7%), and the differences were significant (p = 0.014). The mortality rate was similar between the groups. The survival rate in the DEB-TACE and cTACE groups, respectively, was 87.0% and 87.9% at one year, 35.1% and 32.9% at three years, and 20.5% and 18.1% at five years (p = 0.661). There was no significant difference between the DEB-TACE and cTACE groups in terms of the frequency of adverse events (7.1% vs. 17.8%; p = 0.052). The most common complication in both groups was post-embolization syndrome. Conclusion: Although a complete response was more common among the patients who underwent cTACE, there was no difference in survival between the groups and the frequency of adverse events was similar.
Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia, sobrevida e efeitos adversos entre cTACE e DEB-TACE em pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular não candidatos a terapia curativa. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular submetidos a cTACE ou DEB-TACE para tratamento paliativo entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2021. Foi utilizado o método Kaplan-Meier para análise de sobrevida. Valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Resultados: Foram avaliados 268 pacientes, dos quais 70 foram submetidos a DEB-TACE e 198 foram submetidos a cTACE. Não houve diferença em relação ao sexo, idade e etiologia da cirrose. O grupo cTACE apresentou maior porcentual de resposta completa em exames de imagem (31,8% vs. 16,1%) e o grupo DEB-TACE apresentou maior porcentual de resposta parcial (33,9% vs.19,7%), com valor de p = 0,014. A mortalidade foi semelhante. As taxas de sobrevivência para os grupos DEB-TACE e cTACE foram 87,0% e 87,9% em um ano, 35,1% e 32,9% em três anos e 20,5% e 18,1% em cinco anos, respectivamente (p = 0,661). Em relação à frequência de eventos adversos, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (7,1% na DEB-TACE vs. 17,8% na cTACE; p = 0,052). A complicação mais comum, em ambos os grupos, foi a síndrome pós-embolização. Conclusão: Embora tenha sido observada maior frequência de resposta completa em pacientes submetidos a cTACE, não houve diferença na sobrevida dos pacientes entre os grupos. A taxa de eventos adversos também foi semelhante.
摘要
ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate trends in mortality rate and average age of death, and identify sociodemographic factors associated with early death in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods: An ecological and cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Mortality Information System. All deaths of patients residing in the state of São Paulo from 1996 to 2015 with at least one International Disease Code for SCD in any field of the death certificate were included. Simple linear regression was used to estimate trends. The Log-rank test and multiple Cox regression were used to identify factors associated with early death. Results: The age-standardized mortality rate per million inhabitants increased by 0.080 per year (R2=0.761; p<0.001). When the events were stratified by age at death, the increase was 0.108 per year for those occurring at age 20 years or older, (R2=0.789; p<0.001) and 0.023 per year for those occurring before age 20 years old (R2=0.188; p=0.056). The average age at death increased by 0.617 years (7.4 months) per year (R2=0.835; p<0.001). Sociodemographic factors associated with early death identified were male gender (hazard ratio — HR=1.30), white race (HR=1.16), death occurring in the hospital (HR=1.29), and living in the Greater São Paulo (HR=1.13). Conclusions: The mortality rate and the average age of death in patients with SCD have increased over the last two decades. Sociodemographic factors such as gender, race, place of occurrence, and residence were found to be associated with early death.
RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar as tendências da taxa de mortalidade e da idade média de morte e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao óbito precoce em pacientes com doença falciforme (DF). Métodos: Estudo ecológico e transversal realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram incluídos todos os eventos de óbitos de pacientes residentes no estado de São Paulo de 1996 a 2015, que continham pelo menos um Código Internacional de Doenças para DF, em qualquer campo do atestado de óbito. As tendências foram estimadas por meio da regressão linear simples. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao óbito precoce, foram realizadas análises de sobrevida, por meio da regressão de Cox simples e múltipla. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade, padronizada pela idade, por milhão de habitantes, aumentou 0,080 ao ano (R²=0,761; p<0,001). Quando os eventos foram estratificados por idade do óbito, naqueles que ocorreram com 20 anos ou mais, o aumento foi de 0,108 ao ano (R²=0,789; p<0,001) e, nos que ocorreram antes de 20 anos, foi de 0,023 ao ano (R²=0,188; p=0,056). A idade média ao morrer aumentou 0,617 ano por ano (R²=0,835; p<0,001). Os fatores associados ao óbito precoce identificados no modelo múltiplo foram: sexo masculino (hazard ratio — HR=1,30), raça branca (HR=1,16), morte dentro do hospital (HR=1,29) e moradia na Grande São Paulo (HR=1,13). Conclusões: Houve aumento da taxa de mortalidade e da idade média de óbito com DF nas duas últimas décadas estudadas. Os fatores sociodemográficos sexo, raça, local de ocorrência e município de residência estiveram associados com a faixa etária do óbito.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the survival of patients with Chagas disease, beneficiaries of social security and social assistance, in Brazil, from 1942 to 2016. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study with data from the Brazilian Ministry of Social Security. The event of interest was death, and the survival functions were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Results In the period "onset of the disease until death", women (HR=0.54; 95%CI 0.43-0.53) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.13; 95%CI 0.11-0.23) were associated with longer survival. Lower survival was associated with the cardiac form of the disease (HR=2.64; 95%CI 2.23-3.12), living in a rural area (HR=1.23; 95%CI 1.14-1.21), and manifestation of the disease between the years 2000 and 2016 (HR=5.32; 95%CI 4.74-5.93). Likewise, in the period "work disability until death", women (HR=0.51; 95%CI 0.41-0.52) and receiving social security benefits (HR=0.24; 95%CI 0,14-0.45) were associated with longer survival, as well as the cardiac form of the disease (HR=1.95; 95%CI 1.83-2.13), living in a rural area (HR=1.31; 95%CI 1.21-1.54), and manifestation of the disease between 2000 and 2016 (HR=1.53; 95%CI 1.33-1.71) were associated with lower survival. Conclusion The main predictors of mortality and survival of patients with Chagas disease who receive social security and assistance benefits in Brazil were presented. These findings can guide the definition of priorities for follow-up actions by Primary Health Care, currently recommended for the longitudinal management of the disease.
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a sobrevida de portadores da doença de Chagas, beneficiários da previdência e da assistência social no Brasil, 1942-2016. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com dados do Ministério da Previdência Social. O evento de interesse foi o óbito, e as funções de sobrevida foram estimadas pelos métodos Kaplan-Meier e de regressão de Cox. Resultados No período "início da doença até o óbito", o sexo feminino (HR=0,54; IC95% 0,43-0,53) e recebimento de benefícios previdenciários (HR=0,13; IC95% 0,11-0,23) foram associados a maior sobrevida. A menor sobrevida esteve associada à forma cardíaca da doença (HR=2,64; IC95% 2,23-3,12), residência em zona rural (HR=1,23; IC95% 1,14-1,21) e manifestação da doença entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 (HR=5,32; IC95% 4,74-5,93). Da mesma forma, no período "incapacidade laboral até o óbito", o sexo feminino (HR=0,51; IC95% 0,41-0,52) e o recebimento de benefícios previdenciários (HR=0,24; IC95% 0,14-0,45) foram associados a maior sobrevida, assim como forma cardíaca da doença (HR=1,95; IC95% 1,83-2,13), residência em zona rural (HR=1,31; IC95% 1,21-1,54) e manifestação da doença entre os anos de 2000 e 2016 (HR=1,53; IC95% 1,33-1,71) associaram-se a menor sobrevida. Conclusão Os principais preditores de mortalidade e sobrevida de portadores de doença de Chagas que recebem benefícios previdenciários e assistenciais no Brasil foram apresentados. Estes achados podem nortear a definição de prioridades de ações de acompanhamento pela atenção primária à saúde, preconizada atualmente para o manejo longitudinal da doença.