摘要
ObjectiveTo explore the pretreatment methods to promote the enzymatic digestion and extraction of active ingredients from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex dregs（MOCD）， and to provide a reference basis for the utilization of resource components in MOCD. MethodLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） was used for qualitative analysis of resource components in MOCD with an Agilent C18 reversed-phase column（3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1， the mobile phase was water（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 25%-48%B； 3-6 min， 48%-59%B； 6-10 min， 59%-80%B； 10-20 min， 80%-90%B； 20-25 min， 90%B）， electrospray ionization（ESI） was employed with negative ion mode scanning and scanning range of m/z 50-1 200. A high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， which refered to the determination in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， was used for quantitative analysis of resource components in MOCD. Four kinds of pretreatment agents were used to separate the resource components from MOCD， and the mechanism of different pretreatment agents was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）， X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）. ResultMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulose were identified as the main resource components of MOCD by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Under the conditions of 1% NaOH， reaction temperature at 80 ℃ and reaction time of 60 min， the concentration of reducing sugar produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis was 32.18 g·L-1， which was 79.8% higher than that of the untreated MOCD. After adding tween-80， the enzymatic hydrolysis time was reduced to 1/3 of the original time， the concentration of reducing sugar was increased by 102.0%. And the total recovery of magnolol and honokiol in the pretreatment solution was 69.23%. ConclusionMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulosic components in MOCD are valuable for development and utilization， the combination of alkaline pretreatment and tween-80 can realize the recovery and utilization of these three resource components， which can provide a new idea for comprehensive utilization of resource components in MOCD.
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Abstract; Aim To solve the problems in the appliea- tion of egg yolk leeithin endotoxin test method, and and to establish the baeterial endotoxin examination method for egg yolk lecithin (for injeetion). Methods The ethanol solution of Tween 80 ( the volume ratio of tween 80 to anhydrous ethanol was 2. 5 • 2. 7, mixed for 4 min) was used to prepare lecithin solution of egg yolk at 0. 1 kg • L 1 , and 10 test water was added to 1 mL lecithin solution of egg yolk (500 EU • mL 1 standard solution of endotoxin IOjxL was added for pos¬itive control). After diluted 20 times with endotoxin test water, the standard curve range was 10 ~0. 01 EU • mL 1 by kinetic-turbidimetrie assay. Methodology of endotoxin test was studied using limulus lysate from two manufacturers and eight hatches of samples. Results The recoveries of eight hatches of samples all met the requirement of interference test between 50% and 200% stipulated in the pharmacopoeia, which solved the problems of the current endotoxin test method in practical application. Conclusions The bacterial en¬dotoxin test method of egg yolk lecithin with good dura-bility is established to provide the basis for the revision of pharmacopoeia.
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Objective:To study the effect of emulsifier Tween-80 on radiation-induced bile acid enterohepatic circulation disturbance and the treatment strategy.Methods:Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into healthy control group, radiation-only group, radiation + Tween-80 group and radiation + Tween-80 + butyric acid group. The mice were exposed to total abdominal irradiation (TAI) using a specific steel lead chamber and γ-ray irradiator was used throughout the experiments. Mice in radiation+ Tween-80 group and radiation+ Tween-80+ butyric acid group were intragastrically administrated with Tween-80 for 7 d before irradiation, while healthy control group and radiation-only group were treated with sterile water. After irradiation, butyric acid was administrated to mice in radiation+ Tween-80+ butyric acid group until euthanasia, while healthy control group, radiation-only group and radiation+ Tween-80 group were treated with sterile water until euthanasia. Small intestine and fecal particles were collected 21 d after irradiation. The concentrations of bile acid in small intestinal and fecal samples were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the expression of TGR5 and JAM-A, as well as the ratio of IL-10/IL-12 in intestine were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of GPR43 in the colon were compared using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results:Tween-80 pretreated mice exhibited lower concentration of bile acid in small intestine and higher level of bile acid in fecal sample after irradiation (7.92%, 7.99%, t=3.93, 2.94, P<0.05), the expression of TGR5, which mediating the biological function of bile acid, and it′s downstream JAM-A gene were down-regulated (20.93%, 9.91%, t=4.85, 5.14, P<0.05), the ratio of IL-10/IL-12 (indicator related to inhibition of inflammation) (4.59%, t=3.39, P<0.05) as well as the expression of GPR43 protein, a G-protein-coupled receptor for butyric acid, decreased in the colon of Tween-80-pretreated mice compared with the radiation-only group. ELISA assay revealed that butyric acid administration elevated bile acid level in small intestines (8.06%, t=9.25, P<0.05), but reduced that in feces (14.41%, t=4.71, P<0.05). In addition, TGR5 and JAM-A showed higher expression in the intestine of butyric acid-treated mice (19.35%, 32.71%, t=7.69, 19.23, P<0.05), as well as the ratio of IL-10/IL-12 (2.39%, 4.05%, t=3.38, 5.92, P<0.05) and the content of GPR43 protein in colon. Conclusions:Tween-80 deteriorates the disturbance of bile acid enterohepatic circulation induced by ionizing radiation in mice. Butyric acid administration erases the adverse effects of Tween-80.
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Oxyresveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) twigs and has known as a skinlightening agent. Many methods can be applied to extract oxyresveratrol from Mulberry twigs. This researchaimed to optimize the extraction method by using surfactant Tween 80 and Tween 20-based microwave-assistedextraction (MAE). Extraction parameters, including solvent concentration, liquid–solid ratio, and extraction time foroxyresveratrol, were optimized using response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken Design. This researchalso extracted the oxyresveratrol by maceration, and then the oxyresveratrol content from each extraction methodwas compared. Oxyresveratrol content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ForTween 80, the optimum condition was obtained at 10.5 mM, 30:1 ml/g liquid–solid ratio, and 10 minutes extractiontime. For Tween 20, the optimum condition was obtained at 100 mM, 40:1 ml/g liquid–solid ratio, and 5 minutesextraction time. Oxyresveratrol content was 0.0146 mg/g dried sample and 0.0172 mg/g dried sample at the optimumcondition of Tween 80 and Tween 20 surfactant, respectively. Meanwhile, the oxyresveratrol content of the macerationmethod with 96% ethanol was 1.5704 mg/g dried sample. In conclusion, these results show that the application ofTween 80 and Tween 20 as solvents for MAE of Oxyresveratrol from mulberry twigs was not fully successful sinceother extraction conditions should be considered, such as temperature, pH, and microwave energy.
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Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to develop olive and soybean oil-based oleogels with Span 40 and/or Tween 80 (as gelator and/or surfactant) and determine the critical gelator concentration (CGC), characterise and compare the rheological, thermal properties and drug release profile of the gels formed for topical delivery. Methods: Olive and soybean oil-based Span 40 and Span 40/Tween 80 oleogel formulations were prepared by solid fiber mechanism and subjected to organoleptic evaluation, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, rheological study, kinetic modeling of gelation and drug release. Results: The critical gelator (Span 40) concentration was found to be lower for olive oil (12% w/v) and depend on the type of oil. Tween 80 reduced CGC of soybean oleogels only. Soybean oil-based oleogel containing 18% w/v Span 40 was found to form more flexible, less viscous and thermally less stable formulation with better release of paracetamol as evident from lower melt flow index, Tg value, lower β and higher α value compared to olive oil-based oleogel with 12% w/v Span 40 (CGC). Surfactant addition can be assumed to modify the microarchitecture of the oleogels to a great extent to produce more flexible and thermally stable gels with even better drug release profile. Span-Tween based soybean oleogel formed a gel-matrix whereas matrix in olive oil-based oleogels containing Span only became slightly flexible to release the drug in zero-order fashion on the addition of surfactant cogelator. Conclusion: Nature of oil exerts profound influence on the rheological, thermal and release profile of oleogels containing Span 40 as gelator and/or Tween 80 as surfactant cogelator.
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Objective: The present research work was designed to formulate and optimize doxorubicin HCl proniosomes by design of experiment (DoE). Methods: A 4-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was used to explain multiple linear regression analysis and contour 3D plot responses. The independent variables selected were tween 20, cholesterol, hydration volume and sonication time; dependent variables percentage entrapment efficiency (PEE), mean vesicle size (MVS). Based on the Box-Behnken design 29 trial runs were studied and optimized for PEE and MVS. Further "Model F-Value" was calculated to confirm the omission of insignificant terms from the full-model equation to derive a multiple linear regression analysis to predict the PEE and MVS of niosomes derived from proniosomes. 3D plots were constructed to show the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. Results: PEE of doxorubicin HCl proniosomes was found to be in the range of 40.21-87.5%. The polynomial equation for PEE exhibited a good correlation coefficient (0.5524) and the "Model F-Value" of 7.41 implies the model is significant. P-values less than 0.0500 indicate model terms are significant. The MVS of doxorubicin HCl proniosomes was found to be in the range of 325.2 nm to 420.25 nm. The mathematical model generated for MVS (R2) was found to be significant with model F-value of 54.22. There is only a 0.01% chance that a "Model F-Value" this large could occur due to noise (P<0.0500) and R2 value of 0.9004. Conclusion: The DoE of Box-Behnken design demonstrated the role of the derived equation, 3D plot in predicting the values of dependent variables for the preparation and optimization of doxorubicin HCl proniosomes. The results suggest that doxorubicin HCl proniosomes can act as a promising carrier.
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[Objective]To discuss the syndrome differentiation and treatment of classical prescription of ZHANG Zhongjing.[Method]Listing relevant literature and quoting physicians' views on book and combining theory and practice to discuss and distill from the application of thinking methods of syndrome differentiation. [Results] "Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases" fully reflects the syndrome differentiation thoughts, where can be concluded syndrome differentiation and treatment and the method of treatment.Catching the main syndrome means when facing with a specific syndrome can be used to catch the main character of method. And the correspondence between recipe and syndrome is the prescription consistent with the pathogenesis and symptoms of disease which is a prerequisite for syndrome differentiation and treatment.Meanwhile,syndrome differentiation and treatment is a principle of step by step treatment that according to the symptoms and signs of patients,sum up syndrome type,and then prescribe and select drugs at some stage in the disease.And it is also a thinking mode of classical prescription extended application by pathogenesis analysis. Those constitute the three main lines of the thinking method of differentiation.[Conclusion]Accurate differentiation and the prescription are consistented with the syndrome type of"Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases"exert far-reaching influence on the use and perfect syndrome differentiation and treatment,which inspire future generations of doctors.Therefore, it deserves further study. Syndrome differentiation of application thought of classical prescriptions profoundly promotes the development of Chinese traditional medical thinking;the theory has profound significance for clinical practice.
摘要
Based on the fact that chromogenic reaction of blue complex, a reaction product which can be dissolved in organic solvents, can be realized by polyethoxy and ammonium thiocyanate in tween 80, a rapid and accurate way for the determination for tween 80 in pharmaceutical adjuvant was established in this study, providing reliable technical means for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine injections. Based on the study of reaction kinetics, chromogenic reaction temperature and time, as well as extraction of organic solvents and other key conditions were optimized, and Kumu injection was used as the test material for method validation and applicability investigation. It was finally determined that 3 mL ammonium thiocyanate solution was added in the sample solution, and the reaction was carried out in a boiling water bath for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature, 5 mL of dichloromethane was added to extract the chromogenic product. The absorbance value was measured at the wavelength of 623 nm to calculate the tween 80 content in the sample. Under optimized conditions, tween 80 solution showed a good linear relationship with the absorbance in the range from 0.8 mg to 3.0 mg. The linear regression equation was ＝0.258-0.047. The correlation coefficient was 0.999 6. Under the experimental conditions, the average recovery was 99.66%, and the precision RSD was less than 2.0%. The results showed that this method can quickly and accurately determine the content of tween 80 in Kumu injection, and it could be applicable to the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine injections.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Polysorbates , Chemistry , Quality Control , Solvents , Temperature摘要
Resumen Se llevaron a cabo procesos de biosíntesis de carbonato de calcio, empleando una cepa de Bacillus cereus, aislada de los jardines de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Medellín, Colombia). Se evaluó el efecto disgregante del Tween® 80 a tres concentraciones: 0.00% p/v, 0.25% p/v y 0.50% p/v. Los experimentos se monitorizaron por 6 días con mediciones de pH y análisis mineralógicos a los precipitados finales por microscopía electrónica de barrido, difracción de rayos X y espectroscopia de infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier. El Tween® 80 tuvo un papel importante como desaglomerante de las estructuras de carbonato formadas por los microorganismos. Aunque los ensayos con el surfactante presentaron menor formación de precipitado, las concentraciones evaluadas no inhibieron el crecimiento bacteriano. Adicionalmente, este compuesto favoreció la formación de vaterita incrementando su proporción en comparación con la calcita (alrededor del 98%, utilizando Tween® 80 al 0.50% p/v).
Abstract This research presents the sprinkling effect of Tween® 80 for three concentrations (0.00% w, 0.25% w y 0.50% w) in a processes of calcium carbonate biosynthesis. The assays used a culture of Bacillus cereus, isolated from the gardens of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Medellin, Colombia). The experiments were monitored for 6 days measuring pH as well as through mineralogical analyses for precipitates using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tween® 80 had an important role as deagglomerate, decreasing the precipitation of biomineralized-carbonate structures (generated by bacteria). It was also found that the evaluated concentrations did not inhibit the bacterial growth. Additionally, Tween® 80 favored the production of vaterite, increasing its ratio in comparison to calcite (around 98% by using 0.50% w of Tween® 80).
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Interaction in classroom teaching is a bilateral activity that is difficult to control. Teachers and students are the two main aspects to realize the synchronization of teachers and students' thinking. For teachers, teachers should first make full use of multimedia resources, bring a colorful courseware into class-room teaching; secondly, teachers should stimulate students' interest in a reasonable way, so as to inject vitality into the classroom teaching; finally, teachers should mobilize the students' thinking and carefully regulate the changes in thinking between teachers and students through a proper teaching methods. In terms of students, students should not only give full play to their initiative, but also actively cooperate with teachers in order to realize the thought synchronization between teachers and students in classroom teaching and learning interaction and ultimately achieve the desired results.
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After the methods for selection of syndrome concepts and establishment of relationship between syn-drome concepts in Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Terminological System version2.0 were described, the principles and specific methods for the selection of syndrome concepts and establishment of relationship between syn-drome concepts in Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Terminological system version2.0 were studied according to its general revision principles in the light of relevant standards in traditional Chinese medicine, various editions of teaching materials and medical records, the advantages of descriptive definition and logical definition of syndrome concepts,and the establishment of relationship between syndrome concepts derived from syndrome concepts were elaborated.
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The objective of this work was to optimize the spray drying of pequi pulp using maltodextrin as carrier agent and Tween 80 as surfactant agent. A central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the influence of inlet air temperature (140 to 200°C), maltodextrin (15 to 30%) and surfactant (0 to 5%) concentration on the process performance and physicochemical and nutritional properties of the dried powdered pulp. The dependent variables were process yield (27.4 - 51.7%), outlet air temperature (106.5 - 135°C), energetic efficiency (29.9 - 44.8%), moisture content (0.25 - 1.43%), water activity (0.09 to 0.21), hygroscopicity (9.1 - 12.1 g adsorbed moisture/100g dry matter), vitamin C content (129.8 - 303.0 mg/g solids pequi) and total carotenoids content (8.2 - 94.9 mg carotenoids/g solids pequi). The spray drying of pequi pulp was optimized for maximum vitamin C and total carotenoids content using response surface methodology, which were attained at 152°C, surfactant concentration of 1% and maltodextrin concentration of 18%. The characterization of the pequi pulp powder obtained at the optimized condition evaluating the particles sizes, bulk density and porosity. The morphology showed spherical and smooth particles with several sizes.
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BACKGROUND: There are several media for culture of Malassezia spp., such as Leeming & Notman (LN) medium, modified Leeming & Notman (mLN) medium, Dixon's medium and modified Dixon's medium etc. It is known that Malassezia spp. grow well in these media in general, but the kind and amounts of their ingredients are various and un-uniform according to researchers. Author propose the new and transparent BHI based medium for the optimal growth of Malassezia spp. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to design the simple and transparent BHI based medium and find essential ingredients for the growth of M. globosa and M. obtusa. METHODS: The colony size of eight standard strains (M. dermatis, M. furfur, M. globosa, M. japonica, M. obtusa, M. sloofiae, M. sympodialis, M. yamatoensis) on the modified BHI (mBHI) agar media with different ingredients was observed by naked eye after seven day culture. The compositions of mBHI medium were as follows; mBHI-1 was supplemented with 0.7% dextrose, 1.5% Tween 80, 1% glycerol to BHI medium, mBHI-2 was supplemented with 1.5% Tween 40 to mBHI-1 instead of Tween 80, mBHI-3 was supplemented with 1.5% Tween 60 to mBHI-1 instead of Tween 80, mBHI-4 was added with 0.8% bile salts to mBHI-1. mBHI-5 was supplemented with 1.5% Tween 60 to mBHI-4 instead of Tween 80, and mBHI-6 was supplemented with 1.5% Tween 40 to mBHI-4 instead of Tween 80. pH of six mBHI media was all adjusted to 6.5. RESULTS: M. furfur & M. japonica were grown well on mBHI-1 agar, but M. globosa & M. obtusa were not grown and others grown poorly. M. globosa & M. obtusa were not grown on mBHI-1 & mBHI-4 containing Tween 80 as lipid source, but others grown on all mBHI media. The media that all eight Malassezia strains grew well were slightly turbid mBHI-5 & transparent mBHI-6 medium. CONCLUSIONS: M. globosa & M. obtusa need glycerol and bile salts as well as Tween 60 or 40 instead of Tween 80 for growth. M. furfur & M. japonica need not bile salts for growth. Author proposes the transparent modified BHI medium supplemented with 0.7% dextrose, 1.5% Tween 40, 1% glycerol and 0.8% bile salts (mBHI-6) as new standard medium for culture of eight Malassezia species.
Subject(s)
Agar , Bile Acids and Salts , Glucose , Glycerol , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Malassezia , Polysorbates摘要
Objective To explore the shielding effect that Tween has made on the erythrocyte’ s surface antigen( ABO and D antigen mainly) and the stability of the RBC. Methods Various types red blood cells’ surface antigens were incubated with different concentrations of Tween,then the titers of RBC’ s surface antigen before and after incubation were compared. The erythrocyte’ s function alterations and sta-bility through the morphological obersavation,the osmotic fragility,RBC’ s own hemolysis rate,oxygen saturation( SO2 ) ,routine test of blood as well as the supernatant of free hemoglobin determination were confirmed. Results The masking effect of the Tween-20 on D antigen with the weaken titer keeping above“ +” was better and more stable than that on A,B antigen. The impact on B antigen was a little worse,and A was the worst. The advantaged concentration is about 0. 004%. Besides,the influence of Tween-80’s on B and D antigen was not apparent e-nough. Among all of the concentration,0. 74% and 0. 80% did a relatively better job,which also could keep the weaken titer above “ +”. Conclulsion The shielding effect that Tween has made on the erythrocyte’ s surface antigen( ABO and D antigen mainly) is stable,which keeps above “ +”. The morphology and function of the RBC does not change.
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Objetivo: Identificar las especies de Malassezia en zonas seborreicas de piel sana en población limeña. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Lugar: Instituto de Medicina Tropical æDaniel Alcides CarriónÆ, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pobladores asintomáticos. Intervenciones: Empleando la técnica de Mariat y Adan-Campos, se recolectó muestras de piel de 129 pobladores asintomáticos de diversos distritos de la ciudad de Lima. El aislamiento de Malassezia se realizó en medio Dixon modificado e incubado a 32 grados centígrados por 7 días, la identificación de las colonias por sus características macro y micromorfológicas, y la tipificación mediante el estudio de las propiedades bioquímicas y fisiológicas según la técnica de Guillot y col. Principales medidas de resultados: Especie de Malassezia, sexo, edad y región anatómica. Resultados: Se aisló Malassezia spp en 43,4 por ciento de los pobladores, obteniéndose 49,2 por ciento en varones y 37,5 por ciento en mujeres. De las diferentes regiones corporales, 68 cultivos fueron positivos: cuero cabelludo 31 (45,6 por ciento), espalda 36 (52,9 por ciento) y región frontal 1 (1,5 por ciento). El grupo etario con mayor frecuencia de aislamientos (47,2 por ciento) fue el de 14 a 25 años (adolescentes jóvenes). M. slooffiae fue encontrado en 83,8 por ciento y M. obtusa en 16,2 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Se encontró Malassezia spp. en la piel humana sana. M. slooffiae fue la especie predominante de los casos positivos (83,8 por ciento) seguido de M. obtusa (16,2 por ciento)...
Objective: To identify Malassezia species in healthy skin seborrhea areas in Lima inhabitants. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Daniel Alcides Carrion Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Asymptomatic persons. Interventions: Skin samples were collected from 129 asymptomatic residents of several districts of Lima city using Mariat and Adan-CamposÆ technique. Malassezia isolation was performed in modified Dixon medium and incubated at 32 grades centigrades for 7 days. Colonies were identified by macro and micro morphological characteristics and typing was determined by biochemical and physiological properties using GuillotÆs technique. Main outcome measures: Malassezia species, participantsÆ gender, age and anatomical region. Results: Malassezia spp was isolated in 43.4 per cent of the residents, 49.2 per cent in men and 37.5 per cent in women. From various body regions 68 cultures were positive: scalp 31 (45.6 per cent), back 36 (52.9 per cent) and frontal region 1 (1.5 per cent). Isolates most common age group (47.2 per cent) was that of adolescents-young (14-25 year-old). M. slooffiae was found in 83.8 per cent and M. obtusa in 16.2 per cent of cases. Conclusions: Malassezia spp. was present in healthy human skin. M. slooffiae was the predominant species in positive cases (83.8 per cent) followed by M. obtusa (16.2 per cent)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Asymptomatic Infections , Malassezia/isolation & purification , Malassezia/classification , Carrier State , Culture Techniques , Cross-Sectional Studies摘要
Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the practicability of preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles of Glyceryl monostearate containing Dibenzoyl peroxide, Erythromycin base, and Triamcinolone acetonide as model drugs. The physicochemical properties of the prepared formulae like particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading capacity, yield content and in-vitro drug release behavior were also measured. Methodology: Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with three model lipophilic drugs were prepared by high shear hot homogenization method. The model drugs used are Dibenzoyl peroxide, Erythromycin base, and Triamcinolone acetonide. Glyceryl monostearate was used as lipid core; Tween 20 and Tween 80 were employed as surfactants and lecithin as co-surfactant. Many formulation parameters were controlled to obtain high quality nanoparticles. The prepared solid lipid nanoparticles were evaluated by different standard physical and imaging methods. The efficiency of drug release form prepared formulae was studied using in vitro technique with utilize of dialysis bag technique. The stability of prepared formulae was studied by thermal procedures and infrared spectroscopy. Results: The mean particle diameter measured by laser diffraction technique was (194.6±5.03 to 406.6±15.2 nm) for Dibenzoyl peroxide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, (220±6.2 to 328.34±2.5) nm for Erythromycin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and (227.3±2.5 to 480.6±24) nm for Triamcinolone acetonide loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity, determined with ultraviolet spectroscopy, were 80.5±9.45% and 0.805±0.093%, for Dibenzoyl peroxide, 96±11.5 and 0.96±0.012 for Triamcinolone acetonide and 94.6±14.9 and 0.946±0.012 for Erythromycin base respectively. It was found that model drugs showed significant faster release patterns when compared with commercially available formulations and pure drugs (p˂0.05). Thermal analysis of prepared solid lipid nanoparticles gave indication of solubilization of drugs within lipid matrix. Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the absence of new bands for loaded solid lipid nanoparticles indicating no interaction between drugs and lipid matrix and being only dissolved in it. Electron microscope of scanning and transmission techniques indicated sphere form of prepared solid lipid nanoparticles with smooth surface with size below 100 nm. Conclusions: Solid lipid nanoparticles with small particle size have high encapsulation efficiency, and relatively high loading capacity for Dibenzoyl peroxide, Erythromycin base, and Triamcinolone acetonide as model drugs can be obtained by this method.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial property and substantivity of chlorhexidine containing dentifrices with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Tween as surfactants. Materials and Methods: It is a double-blind cross over the study, a total of 20 children within their mixed dentition period (7-13 year) having Streptococci mutans count more than 106 were selected for the main study. Three types of chlorhexidine containing dentifrices were used with a washout period of 1 week. Out of the three toothpastes, one was without surfactant and other two toothpastes contained SLS and Tween as surfactants respectively. 20 volunteers brushed for 1 min during the study day with their assigned toothpaste. Saliva samples were collected before brushing, immediately after brushing and 1, 3, 5, and 7 hand sent for microbial analysis. The culture carried out by inoculating saliva sample onto Mitis salivarius agar for selective isolation of S. mutans followed by counting of colony forming unit. Results: Group I and III (Chlorhexidine and CHX + Tween) had shown statistically significant reduction in bacterial count until 7 h when compared to their baseline values (P < 0.001). Group II toothpaste (CHX + SLS) had shown significant reduction in bacterial count until 3 h only. On inter group comparison, Group III had shown good amount of percentage reduction in bacterial count when compared to other groups. Conclusion: CHX + Tween toothpaste had shown statistically significant reduction in antibacterial activity and substantivity than other groups. These findings show chlorhexidine containing toothpaste with non-ionic surfactant will be able to maintain the antibacterial property and substantivity of chlorhexidine.
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Aim of the present work was to develop and evaluate a solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for oral poorly water-soluble drug lornoxicam. The liquid (SEDDS) consisted of capmul MCM as oil phase, tween 20 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactant. Oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were selected on the basis of solubilisation capacity of drug and emulsification ability of surfactant and co-surfactants. The formulations were optimized by constructing the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The liquid formulation was solidified by laboratory scale spray dryer, using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. The solid SEDDS shows greater drug release thus, solid SEDDS improves the oral bioavailability and may provide the useful solid dosage form for oral poorly water soluble drugs.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of using a novel docetaxel-loaded polycaprolactoneTween 80 (PCL-Tween 80) nanoparticles for glioma therapy.Methods Two types of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles were made from commercial polycaprolactone (PCL) and a self-synthesized PCL-Tween 80 copolymer using a modified solvent extraction/evaporation method.A C6 glioma cell line was used to investigate the uptake of polymeric nanoparticles by brain cancer cells.In vitro cancer cell viability was assessed using MTT toxic assay.Results The nanoparticles were found by FESEM to have a spherical shape and be around 200 nm in diameter.The copolymers could encapsulate 10% of the drug in the nanoparticles and release 34.9% of the encapsulated drug over 28 days.The drug-loaded PCL-Tween 80 nanoparticles showed better in vitro cytotoxicity towards C6 cancer cells than Taxotere at the same drug concentration.Conclusion Nanoparticles using PCL-Tween 80 copolymer as drug delivery vehicles may have a promising outcome for glioma patients.