Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala Conners-3 (SR-S) en Estudiantes Chilenos

Antecedentes En Chile, la prevalencia del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) se estima en un 10%. Frente a esta realidad, las políticas públicas promueven la detección oportuna de esta condición, suscitándose sin embargo problemas de sobre y sub-diagnóstico atribuibles a la falta de escalas actualizadas. Objetivo El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Conners-3 en su forma abreviada de auto-reporte en niños y adolescentes chilenos. Método Se aplicó el Conners-3, y una medida de validez convergente (BRIEF-2), a una muestra no probabilística (n = 265) de estudiantes de enseñanza básica y media (8-18 años). Se efectuó un análisis de la correlación ítem-test e inter-escalar, seguido de un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), finalizando con un análisis de consistencia interna. Resultados Todos los ítems presentaron una correlación ítem-escala aceptable. La estructura interna de cinco factores del AFC coincide con la original, las cuales además presentaron una consistencia interna aceptable y evidencia de validez convergente así como divergente. Conclusiones La escala Conners-3 presenta propiedades psicométricas aceptables para ser usada en la fase de detección del TDAH, recomendándose su uso como parte de una evaluación integral que incorpore otros métodos de evaluación.

Background In Chile, it is estimated that the prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is at 10%. Faced with this reality, public policies promote the timely detection of this condition; however, this situation generates over and underdiagnosis problems attributable to the lack of updated scales. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Conners-3 Rating Scale in its self-report short form in Chilean children and adolescents. Method The Conners-3 Self-report Scale and a convergent validity measure (BRIEF-2) were applied to a non-probability sample (n = 265) of elementary and high school students (8 to 18 years old). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out, in addition to an internal consistency analysis and an item-total and inter-scale correlation analysis. Results All the items presented an acceptable item-scale correlation. The five-factor internal structure of the CFA coincides with the original. Scales also presented an acceptable internal consistency and evidence of convergent validity. Conclusions the Conners-3 Self-report Scale presents acceptable psychometric properties for use in the detection phase of ADHD; furthermore, its use is suggested as part of a comprehensive assessment that incorporates other assessment methods.

Preventive Detection of Driver Drowsiness from EEG Signals using Fuzzy Expert Systems / Detección Preventiva de la Somnolencia del Conductor a partir de Señales EEG Mediante Sistemas Expertos Difusos

Abstract Currently, the percentage of traffic accidents has increased, and according to statistics, this percentage will continue to increase every year, so it is necessary to develop new technologies to prevent this kind of accidents. This paper presents a drowsiness detection system based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using a pair of channels (Fp1 and Fp2) applied to drivers before entering their vehicles. First, this model detects the relationship between the area under the curve (AUC) of alpha brain waves, an effective parameter for detecting drowsiness. Then, the extracted information is passed to a fuzzy expert system (FES) that classifies the subject's state as "alert" or "sleepy"; the criterion used was a threshold and training with subjective levels. The proposed system was compared with neural network models, such as support vector machine (SVM), K nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF). Measurements of one hundred and twenty minutes were performed on each of the ten drivers for two days to test the system. The tests confirm that this system is suitable for preventive measures and that the fuzzy system is superior to traditional neural network methods.

Resumen Actualmente, el porcentaje de accidentes de tráfico ha aumentado, y según las estadísticas, este porcentaje seguirá aumentando cada año, por lo que es necesario desarrollar nuevas tecnologías para prevenir este tipo de accidentes. Este trabajo presenta un sistema de detección de somnolencia basado en señales de electroencefalograma (EEG) utilizando un par de canales (Fp1 y Fp2) aplicado a los conductores antes de entrar en sus vehículos. En primer lugar, este modelo detecta la relación entre el área bajo la curva (AUC) de las ondas cerebrales alfa, un parámetro eficaz para detectar la somnolencia. A continuación, la información extraída se pasa a un sistema experto difuso (FES) que clasifica el estado del sujeto como "alerta" o "somnoliento"; el criterio utilizado fue un umbral y el entrenamiento con niveles subjetivos. El sistema propuesto se comparó con modelos de redes neuronales, como la máquina de vectores de soporte (SVM), K vecinos más cercanos (KNN) y el bosque aleatorio (RF). Se realizaron mediciones de ciento veinte minutos en cada uno de los diez conductores durante dos días para probar el sistema. Las pruebas confirman que este sistema es adecuado para las medidas preventivas y que el sistema difuso es superior a los métodos tradicionales de redes neuronales.

Intervención educativa para perfeccionar la ejecución del Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal

Introducción: las lesiones premalignas y malignas del complejo bucal se incrementan en la población, lo que demanda una correcta ejecución del Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal (PDCB). En el trabajo se exponen las transformaciones en el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes y estomatólogos acerca de las afecciones concernientes al PDCB para perfeccionar su ejecución. Método: se realizó una intervención educativa en el área de salud Julio Antonio Mella del municipio Camagüey desde mayo de 2022 hasta junio de 2023, con la participación de 36 pacientes y 30 estomatólogos. Las fuentes de información fueron la historia clínica, un cuestionario y una prueba de entrada y salida, aplicados a pacientes y estomatólogos respectivamente, antes y después de la intervención; para constatar las transformaciones. Resultados: antes de la intervención los pacientes estaban mal informados sobre las consecuencias nocivas de hábitos tóxicos, higiénicos y dietéticos, así como desconocimiento de la importancia del correcto autoexamen bucal; los que alcanzaron en su mayoría un alto nivel de conocimientos con la intervención. Los estomatólogos mejoraron sus conocimientos sobre diagnóstico y seguimiento de lesiones pre malignas y malignas del complejo maxilofacial. Discusión: la adecuada ejecución del PDCB descansa tanto en pacientes como en estomatólogos y aunque las investigaciones se enfocan a los primeros por los beneficios reportados; la superación de posgrado constituye una vía para sistematizar conocimientos y fortalecer competencias profesionales que impacten de manera positiva en el PDCB. La intervención educativa se considera satisfactoria al elevar el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes y estomatólogos, lo que demuestra sus potencialidades para perfeccionar la ejecución del PDCB.

Introduction: premalignant and malignant lesions of de oral area increase in the population which demands a correct implementation of the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program. In this work transformations are exposed knowledge level of both patients and dentists regarding lesions concerning the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program (EDOCP). Method: educational intervention was carried out in Julio Antonio Mella health area of Camaguey municipality from May 2022 to June 2023 which 36 patients and 30 Deontologists. Information sources were the Clinical History, a questionnaire and a test applied to patients and Deontologists respectively, before and after the intervention, to confirm the transformations in the sample. Results: Prior to intervention patients were poorly informed about consequences of toxic, hygienic and dietetic habits combined with lack of knowledge regarding importance of a correct oral self-examination whose knowledge improved to reach a high level in most of them after the intervention. Deontologists improved their knowledge on diagnosis and follow-up of premalignant and malignant lesions affecting the maxillofacial complex. Discussion: correct application of the EDOCP depends on both patients and deontologists, however reserchers focus on the former due to the reported benefits; the postgraduate training is a way to systematize knowledge and strengthen professional competences with positive impact on EDOCP. The educational intervention was satisfactory since it improved the level of knowledge of both patients and dentists which shows its potential on a correct implementation of the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program.

Concordancia inter- e intraobservador del puntaje PI-RADS 2.1 del Colegio Americano de Radiología / Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of the American College of Radiology PI-RADS 2.1 score

Resumen Antecedentes: La resonancia magnética (RM) de próstata es uno de los métodos diagnósticos para la identificación del carcinoma de próstata. La escala PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System) es el sistema usado para la interpretación de estas imágenes. Es importante, para su reproducibilidad, la estandarización y la evaluación de dicha escala. Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia inter- e intraobservador de la versión 2.1 del PI-RADS. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, evaluando 129 RM de pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata por tres radiólogos con diferentes años de experiencia y en dos momentos del tiempo, usando el puntaje PI-RADS 2.1. Se evaluó la concordancia intra- e interobservador. Resultados: La concordancia interobservador fue sustancial (kappa > 0,6) en todos los observadores, siendo la categoría 5 la de mayor acuerdo interobservador. Se observó una alta reproducibilidad intraobservardor, con la mayor kappa siendo de 0,856. Cuando se realizó el análisis según años de experiencia de los radiólogos, la concordancia interobservador fue significativa en todos los casos. Conclusiones: El sistema de clasificación PI-RADS 2.1 es reproducible para las diferentes categorías y aumenta la concordancia cuando se trata de lesiones con mayor probabilidad de cáncer clínicamente significativo.

Abstract Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the prostate is a key diagnostic tool for identifying prostate carcinoma. The Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scale is the standard system for interpreting these images. Standardizing and evaluating this scale is crucial for ensuring consistent and reproducible results. Objective: This study aims to assess both the interobserver and intraobserver agreement of the PI-RADS version 2.1. Material and methods: In this retrospective observational study, 129 prostate MRI scans from patients with suspected prostate cancer were evaluated. Three radiologists, each with different levels of experience, analyzed these scans at two separate times using the PI-RADS 2.1 scoring system. Both intraobserver and interobserver agreements were measured. Results: The study found substantial interobserver agreement (kappa > 0.6) across all categories, with category 5 showing the highest level of agreement. Intraobserver reproducibility was also high, with the highest kappa value reaching 0.856. Further analysis based on the radiologists’ years of experience revealed significant interobserver agreement in all instances. Conclusions: The PI-RADS 2.1 classification system demonstrates high reproducibility across different categories, particularly for lesions more likely to be clinically significant cancers. This underscores its reliability in varied diagnostic scenarios.

Developing a breast cancer screening decision aid in Spanish for average-risk women: a mixed methods study / Estudios originales Publicado el 14 de marzo de 2024 | http://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2024.02.2726 Developing a breast cancer screening decision aid in Spanish for average-risk women: a mixed methods study Desarrollo de una herramienta en español para ayudar en la toma de decisiones del cribado de cáncer de mama para mujeres de riesgo promedio: un estudio de métodos mixtos

Introduction We aimed to develop a decision aid to support shared-decision making between physicians and women with average breast cancer risk when deciding whether to participate in breast cancer screening. Methods We included women at average risk of breast cancer and physicians involved in supporting the decision of breast cancer screening from an Academic Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. We followed the International Patient Decision Aid Standards to develop our decision aid. Guided by a steering group and a multidisciplinary consultancy group including a patient advocate, we reviewed the evidence about breast cancer screening and previous decision aids, explored the patients' information needs on this topic from the patients' and physicians' perspective using semi-structured interviews, and we alpha-tested the prototype to determine its usability, comprehensibility and applicability. Results We developed the first prototype of a web-based decision aid to use during the clinical encounter with women aged 40 to 69 with average breast cancer risk. After a meeting with our consultancy group, we developed a second prototype that underwent alpha-testing. Physicians and patients agreed that the tool was clear, useful and applicable during a clinical encounter. We refined our final prototype according to their feedback. Conclusion We developed the first decision aid in our region and language on this topic, developed with end-users' input and informed by the best available evidence. We expect this decision aid to help women and physicians make shared decisions during the clinical encounter when talking about breast cancer screening.

Evaluación de la prueba G8 como tamizaje para valoración geriátrica integral en pacientes adultos mayores con cáncer / Evaluation of the G-8 test as a screening tool for comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly patients with cancer

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad del test G8 en el tamizaje de adultos mayores con cáncer para la realización de la valoración geriátrica integral (VGI). Materiales y métodos: el presente estudio observacional y retrospectivo se realizó en el Servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Almenara de Lima, Perú. Se revisaron los informes de VGI en las historias clínicas electrónicos de adultos mayores (> 60 años) con cáncer, ambulatorios y hospitalizados, durante noviembre de 2022 y julio de 2023. Los pacientes se clasificaron según los criterios SIOG-1 (Sociedad Internacional de Oncología Geriátrica), formando dos grupos: pacientes aptos y pacientes no aptos o unfit (vulnerables + frágiles + muy enfermos). Del test G8 se estimó la sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo positivo, área bajo la curva característica operativa del receptor (AUC). Resultados: ingresaron al estudio 201 pacientes, 91 mujeres (45,3%) y 110 (54,7%) varones, la media de la edad fue de 76,2 ± 7,4 años. Las neoplasias más frecuentes fueron colorrectal, estómago, próstata y vías biliares. La prevalencia de pacientes aptos y no aptos (unfit) fue del 23,4 y 76,6%, respectivamente. Cuando el puntaje de la prueba G8 fue ≤11, la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y AUC fueron 73,4% (intervalo de confianza al 95%: 65,7-80,2%), 91,5% (79,6%-97,6%), 96,6% (91,7-98,6%) y 89% (84-93%), respectivamente. Conclusiones: el test G8 con puntaje ≤11 tendría una alta sensibilidad y especificidad, para identificar adultos con cáncer vulnerables o frágiles, que podrían beneficiarse de la VGI.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the G8 test in screening older adults with cancer who may benefit from a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). Material and methods: This observational retrospective study was carried out in the Geriatrics Service of the Guillermo Almenara Hospital in Lima, Peru. CGA reports were reviewed in the electronic medical records of older adults (> 60 years) with cancer, both outpatients and inpatients, between November 2022 and July 2023. Patients were classified according to the SIOG-1 (International Society of Geriatric Oncology) criteria into two groups: fit and non-fit patients (vulnerable + frail + too sick). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were estimated for the G8 test. Results: 201 patients entered the study, 91 women (45.3%) and 110 (54.7%) men; their mean age was 76.2 ± 7.4 years. The most frequent neoplasms were colorectal, stomach, prostate, and bile ducts. The prevalence of eligible and unfit patients was 23.4% and 76.6%, respectively. When the G8 test score was ≤11, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and AUC were 73.4% (95% Confidence Interval: 65.7- 80.2%), 91.5% (79.6%-97.6%), 96.6% (91.7-98.6%), and 89% (84-93%), respectively. Conclusions: The G8 test with a score ≤11 would have high sensitivity and specificity for identifying vulnerable or frail patients with cancer who could benefit from the CGA.

Slicing Angle Recognition of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus Based on Improved YOLOv7-tiny Algorithm / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo realize the automatic recognition of the slicing angles of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus （FTB） based on the improved YOLOv7-tiny algorithm. MethodFirstly， a diverse dataset of FTB images， totaling 16 000 pictures， with various angles was constructed. Furthermore， improvements were made to YOLOv7-tiny by replacing standard convolutions with ghost convolution （GhostConv）， incorporating the coordinate attention （CA） mechanism as a preferred addition， substituting some activation functions with HardSwish function for decreasing the floating point operations. Additionally， a penalty term for angle recognition error was integrated into the loss function， and modifications were made to the non-maximum suppression （NMS） strategy to address cases where multiple detection results were associated with the same target. In order to verify the effectiveness of different improvement points on the optimization of the algorithm model， ablation experiments were carried out on all the improvement points， and the effectiveness of the improvement points was proved by comparing the prediction results before and after the addition of a certain improvement point on the basis of the original model or the model with the addition of an improvement point that has been verified to be effective， in order to evaluate the improvement of the indexes. ResultThe number of parameters required for the improved slicing angle recognition algorithm of FTB was about 55.4% of the original algorithm， and the amount of computation was about 59.4% of the original algorithm. The mAP@0.5［mean average precision at an intersection over union（IoU） of 0.5］ increased by 12.2%， the mean absolute error（MAE） of the recognized angle was 5.02°， representing a reduction of 4.58° compared to the original algorithm. In the experimental environment of this paper， the average recognition time per image was as low as 8.7 ms， significantly faster than the average human reaction time. ConclusionThis study， by utilizing the improved YOLOv7-tiny algorithm， achieves effective slicing angle recognition of FTB with high accuracy and more lightweight， which provides a novel approach for stable and precise automated slicing of FTB， thereby providing valuable insights into the automation of processing other traditional Chinese medicines.

Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among workers in an electronics factory in Wuhan / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in electronics factory workers in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for the health protection of electronics factory workers. Methods A total of 1 415 employees in an electronics factory in Wuhan were selected as the research subjects, and the physical examination and determination of various biochemical indicators, as well as questionnaire survey were carried out. Results The detection rate of hyperuricemia among workers in the electronics factory in Wuhan was 32.43%, with 36.33% for men and 14.11% for women, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2＝46.077，P＜0.001). The detection rate of hyperuricemia was the highest (33.77%) among those with university or college education, followed by graduate students and above (31.50%). Compared with subjects with good lifestyle habits, people with drinking habits had higher hyperuricemia detection rate (49.38%), and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001). The detection rates of hyperuricemia in those with central obesity and elevated alanine aminotransferase were 48.23% and 61.29%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the subjects without the above diseases (26.91% and 27.21%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P 2 (OR=2.175, 95% CI=1.686 -2.806, P <0.001) were risk factors for hyperuricemia in electronic factory workers. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly correlated with hyperuricemia (OR=2.964, 95%CI=2.146-4.095 , P <0.001). Female gender was a protective factor for hyperuricemia in workers in the electronics factory (OR=0.441, 95%CI=0.297-0.653 , P <0.001). Conclusion The detection rate of hyperuricemia among workers in an electronics factory in Wuhan is high, and the detection rate of hyperuricemia in men is higher than that in women. Alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity will increase the risk of hyperuricemia. Elevated ALT is associated with hyperuricemia. Maintaining an ideal body mass index and establishing a good lifestyle play an important role in preventing hyperuricemia.

Influence of geometric factor on detection efficiency in low-background α/β radioactivity measurement / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To study the influence of the radius of the active zone of the plane source and the horizontal distance between the source center and the center of the detection window on the detection efficiency of low-background α/β measuring instruments. Methods The geometric factor was calculated under different conditions in MATLAB, and a traceable plane source was used to test and analyze two commonly used measuring instruments. Results With the other parameters unchanged, when the radius of the active zone R1 = 9 mm, the G value was greatest; and when the horizontal distance a = 0 mm, the G value was greatest. According to the calculation formula of the verification regulation, for the 90Sr-90Y planar source, at the maximum value of a, the detection efficiency of FYFS-400X was 1.2% lower, and that of MPC-9604 was 3.2% lower; for the 241Am planar source, the detection efficiency of MPC-9604 was 1.9% lower at the maximum value of a. Conclusion The geometric factor decreases with the increase in the radius of the active zone and the horizontal distance between the source center and the center of the detection window. At the central position, the geometric factor has less influence on the relative standard uncertainty of detection efficiency. When using a standard plane source for counting, measures should be taken to ensure that the plane source is always centrally located in the sample tray.

Development of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology and Its Progress in Disease Detection / 分析化学

Digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)is a PCR technology that realizes accurate quantification of single-copy nucleic acid molecules by dividing the reaction system into tens of thousands of independent PCR reaction units for single-molecule-level amplification and integrating Poisson distribution.Due to its single-copy sensitivity and accurate quantification without the need of standard curves,dPCR has been widely used in disease diagnosis.By introducing technologies such as stepped emulsification and three-dimensional imaging,dPCR has been greatly improved in terms of accuracy,multiplexability and turnaround time,significantly enhancing its performance in clinical disease diagnosis.Based on this,this paper traced the technological development history of dPCR,gave an overview of its application in detection of tumors,infections and other diseases,and further discussed the challenges and opportunities of the development of dPCR,with the aim of providing a reference for the development and utilization of dPCR in the future,and promoting the high-quality development of molecular technology in clinical testing.

Research Progress of Fluorescence Detection Response Mechanism of Organic Small Molecular Probes to Peroxynitrite Anion / 分析化学

Peroxynitrite anion(ONOO?)is one of the most active species of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and reactive nitrogen species(RNS).As an important physiologically active molecule,the abnormal expression of ONOO?will damage the protein and DNA in cells,leading to inflammation and other serious diseases in vivo.In recent years,fluorescence detection technology has been used to realize rapid and sensitive monitoring of bioactive molecules,and imaging tools have been used to conduct high-resolution tracing.Therefore,many organic small molecule fluorescent probes have been developed to detect ONOO?.In this paper,the recent research progresses of ONOO? fluorescence detection methods based on intramolecular charge transfer(ICT),photoinduced electron transfer(PET),fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET),excited state intramolecular charge transfer(ESIPT)and other fluorescence response mechanisms were reviewed.

Development and Application of a Micro-device for Rapid Detection of Ammonia Nitrogen in Environmental Water / 分析化学

The analysis of ammonia nitrogen in real water samples is challenging due to matrix interferences and difficulties for rapid on-site analysis.On the basis of the standard method,i.e.water quality-determination of ammonia nitrogen-salicylic acid spectrophotometry(HJ 536-2009),a simple device for online detecting ammonia nitrogen was developed using a sequential injection analysis(SIA)system in this work.The ammonia nitrogen transformation system,color reaction system,and detection system were built in compatible with the SIA system,respectively.In particular,the detection system was assembled by employing light-emitting diode as the light source,photodiode as the detector,and polyvinylchloride tube as the cuvette,thus significantly reducing the volume,energy consumption and fabricating cost of the detection system.As a result,the accurate analysis of ammonia nitrogen in complex water samples was achieved.A quantitative detection of ammonia nitrogen in water sample was obtained in 12 min,along with linear range extending to 1000 μmol/L,precisions(Relative standard deviation,RSD)of 4.3%(C=10 μmol/L,n=7)and 4.2%(C=500 μmol/L,n=7),and limit of detection(LOD)of 0.65 μmol/L(S/N=3,n=7).The results of interfering experiments showed that the detection of ammonia nitrogen by the developed device was not interfered by the common coexisting ions and components,therefore the environmental water could be directly analyzed,such as reservoir water,domestic sewage,sea water and leachate of waste landfill.The analytical results were consistent with those obtained by the environmental protection standard method(Water quality determination of ammonia nitrogen-salicylic acid spectrophotometry,HJ 536-2009).In addition,the spiking recoveries were in the range of 92.3%-98.1%,further confirming the accuracy and practicality of the developed device.

A Precise and Portable Detection System for Infectious Pathogens Based on CRISPR/Cas Technology / 分析化学

Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostic methods are considered the gold standard for detecting infectious pathogens.However,when applied to portable or on-site rapid diagnostics,they still face various limitations and challenges,such as poor specificity,cumbersome operation,and portability difficulties.The CRISPR(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)-fluorescence detection method holds the potential to significantly enhance the specificity and signal-to-noise ratio of nucleic acid detection.In this study,we developed a portable grayscale reader detection system based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)-CRISPR/Cas.On one hand,in the presence of CRISPR RNA(crRNA),the CRISPR/Cas12a system was employed to achieve precise fluorescent detection of self-designed LAMP amplification reactions for influenza A and influenza B viruses.This further validated the high selectivity and versatility of the CRISPR/Cas system.On the other hand,the accompanying independently developed portable grayscale reader allowed for low-cost collection of fluorescence signals and high-reliability visual interpretation.At the end of the detection process,it directly provided positive or negative results.Practical sample analyses using this detection system have verified its reliability and utility,demonstrating that this system can achieve highly sensitive and highly specific portable analysis of influenza viruses.

Electrochemical Detection of Metronidazole Based on MnMoO4/g-C3N4 Modified Electrode / 分析化学

MnMoO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The MnMoO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and transmission electron microscopy(SEM)to analyze their morphology and structure.The MnMoO4/g-C3N4 was coated on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode(GCE)by a drop coating method and thus a electrochemical sensor for detection of metronidazole(MNZ)was successfully constructed.The electrochemical properties of the MnMoO4/g-C3N4/GCE electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV)and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV).The effects of pH value and scanning rate on the current response were investigated.Under optimal experimental conditions,this electrochemical sensor showed a wide linear detection range(0.5-2400 μmol/L)and a low limit of detection(LOD = 1.33 nmol/L,3σ/k)for detection of MNZ.Besides,this sensor showed excellent selectivity,stability and reproducibility.The sensor was used to detect MNZ residue in eggs and milk samples,with recoveries of 97.7%-103.7%and 96.9%-102.4%,and relative standard deviations of 1.1%-2.2%,respectively,indicating that the prepared MnMoO4/g-C3N4/GCE sensor could be successfully applied to detection of MNZ in food samples.

Advances in the characterization of gold nanoparticles and their application in biosensing systems / 国际检验医学杂志

Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)present unique physicochemical characteristics,excellent biocom-patibility and ease of surface functionalization,which have become the research hotspots in the field of biosens-ing.This article reviews the synthesis methods,main properties and surface functionalization of AuNPs,as well as the research progress of application in various sensing platforms.

Predictive Value of Peripheral Blood Septin9 Gene Methylation Assay in Colorectal Adenoma / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the predictive significance of Septin9 gene methylation(mSEPT9)in peripheral blood in the diagnosis of colorectal adenoma.Methods A total of 52 subjects were included,31 patients with colorectal adenomas were collected as the experimental group in the Department of Pathology and 21 subjects with negative colonoscopy in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic were used as the control group from October 2020 to May 2022.mSEPT9 was detected in the two groups,and the results of CEA level in peripheral blood were collected.All the results were statistically analyzed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC).Results The area under the curve(area of the ROC:AUC)of mSEPT9detectionto predict the development of adenoma was 0.7205(P<0.05),And the cut-off value(CT value)was 39.55,the corresponding sensitivity was 90.91%and the specificity was 56.67%.The AUC of CEA detection for predicting adenoma was 0.5333(P>0.05).Conclusions The detection of mSEPT9 is better than that of CEA tumor marker detection in peripheral blood for screening colorectal adenomas with good sensitivity and relative specificity.Invasive colonoscopy for people with positive mSEPT9 screening results can be easier to accept by the general population.

A case report of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying SOD1-p.A5S mutation and related literature analysis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease.Mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 gene(SOD1)have been identified as the cause of familial ALS.Sequencing the SOD1 gene may be helpful for patients with a suspected family history of ALS.This article reports for the first time a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with SOD1-p.A5S mutation in Han Chinese and summarizes its clinical characteristics.Method and Results This is the first report on Chinese Han of ALS with SOD1-p.A5S mutation and review of relevant case literature to summarize its clinical characteristics.The study case is a 34-year-old male who was admitted to the Neurology Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University with a complaint of"weakness in both lower limbs for 2 years,worsening with both hands for 6 months".The main clinical manifestations were progressive limb weakness,no swallowing difficulties or cognitive impairment.Further improvement of routine examinations and electromyography after admission were made to rule out other diagnoses,and genetic testing was conducted.Based on the patient's typical clinical manifestations and evidence of involvement of lower motor neurons in the cervical,thoracic,and lumbar spinal cord areas indicated by electromyography,other diagnoses and characteristic gene testing results were reasonably excluded,and ALS was diagnosed.The genetic testing results indicated that the patient had a heterozygous mutation in SOD1 exon 1,c.13G＞T(p.A5S),and his mother had a suspicious medical history but died without genetic verification.After discharge,the follow-up period lasted until August 21,2022,with a total of 38 months and a course of 62 months.Further review of the clinical characteristics of other patients with the same site mutation reported in the literature reveals that the progress of this patient with the mutation was slower than that of other patients with the same site mutation reported in the literature.Conclusion This study shows that gene sequencing is a powerful tool for diagnosing familial ALS.The mutation of c.13G＞T(p.A5S)in exon 1 of SOD1 is a rare pathogenic variation.The progress of patients with this subtype is slow,which further indicates that gene detection has important value in the diagnosis and prognosis of ALS.

Fetal facial ultrasound plane recognition based on real-time object detection network and its application / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective To explore the role of an artificial intelligence(AI)model based on real-time object detection network in fetal facial ultrasound examination.Methods With the normal fetal facial ultrasound standard plane(FFUSP)at 20-24 weeks of gestation as the research object,a FFUSP recognition model based on real-time object detection network was constructed.The recognition accuracy of the model for FFUSP and the anatomical structures were analyzed,and the clinical value was evaluated by analyzing its performance in identifying FFUSP in 119 cases of fetal ultrasound images.Results The overall precision,recall rate,mAP@.5 and mAP@.5:.95 of the AI model were 97.8%,98.5%,98.1%and 61.0%,respectively.The clinical validation showed that the AI model had a sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of 100.0%,98.5%,87.4%,100.0%and 98.7%for facial anatomy recognition,and the results were highly consistent with the classification of fetal ultrasound experts(k=0.925,P<0.001).The recognition accuracy of the model for 3 types of standard planes reached 100%;and the average speed of dynamic video detection was 33.93 frames per second.Conclusion The FFUSP recognition model based on real-time object detection network exhibits excellent performance,and it can be applied to real-time ultrasound diagnosis,teaching and intelligent quality evaluation.

Small lesion detection in ultrasound images of hepatic cystic echinococcosis based on improved YOLOv7 / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective To propose a novel algorithm model based on YOLOv7 for detecting small lesions in ultrasound images of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Methods The original feature extraction backbone was replaced with a lightweight feature extraction backbone network GhostNet for reducing the quantity of model parameters.To address the problem of low detection accuracy when the evaluation index CIoU of YOLOv7 was used as a loss function,ECIoU was substituting for CIoU,which further improved the model detection accuracy.Results The model was trained on a self-built dataset of small lesion ultrasound images of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.The results showed that the improved model had a size of 59.4 G and a detection accuracy of 88.1%for mAP@0.5,outperforming the original model and surpassing other mainstream detection methods.Conclusion The proposed model can detect and classify the location and category of lesions in ultrasound images of hepatic cystic echinococcosis more efficiently.

Design and implementation of a fall detection system for elderly patients / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design a fall detection system for elderly patients to solve the problem of elderly patients failing to detect accidental falls in time and to improve the efficiency of medical care.Methods:Based on real-time stream transmission protocol(RTSP),combined with YOLOv5 and Kalman algorithms,a fall detection system for elderly patients was designed by using Vue and Flask technologies.A visual background system management was established,and a unified management platform was provided for medical staff through comprehensive processing of multiple video streams to realize the autonomous detection and alarm of human fall behavior.30 healthy volunteers who underwent fall testing at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University in 2020 to 2022 were selected and divided into normal walking group,squatting group and falling group according to the simulated behavioural categories,with 10 in each group.The fall detection performance was evaluated using two evaluation indicators:detection accuracy and detection speed to verify and determine whether the fall detection system for elderly patients can meet the requirements of timely and accurate fall detection and alarm.Results:The overall fall detection rate of the normal walking group,the squatting group and the falling group can reach 29 frames per second,and the accuracy rate can reach 95.24%.and the system can respond to the fall alarm in time.Conclusion:The fall detection system for elderly patients can assist medical staff to promptly detect and deal with the occurrence of falls,improve the efficiency of fall detection for elderly patients,and meet the real-time detection and alarm of fall behavior for elderly patients.