Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/surgery , Acute Coronary Syndrome/surgery , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Atherosclerosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/complications , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Angina, Unstable摘要
Abstract Background: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an abnormal connection that links a coronary artery to a cardiac chamber or another major blood vessel. Several studies have shown the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) and cardiovascular diseases. In the literature, there is no previous study about the association between hematologic parameters and congenital CAF. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the association of MPV with CAF. Methods: 70 patients with normal coronary arteries and 50 with coronary artery fistulas were included. Routine blood and biochemical parameters were measured before the arteriography. Differences between groups for continuous variables were analyzed with t- test or Mann-Whitney test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Regression analysis was used to find independent predictors of CAF. Results: Baseline patient demographics, including age and clinical risk factors, were similar between the groups. Compared to the control group, median (IQR) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were significantly higher (p=0.04) and MPV levels were significantly lower in the CAF group (8.84 ± 1.71fL vs. 10.43 ± 1.34, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only MPV was a significant predictor of CAF (p < 0.001, 95% CI for OR: 0.438 (0.306-0.629). A negative correlation was found between MPV and fistulae in Pearson's correlation test (r: -0.454, p < 0.001). An MPV level of < 9,6 fL showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 80%, 68%, 71% and 78% respectively (AUC = 0.766, 95% CI, 0.678-0.854) for the prediction of CAF. Conclusion: The present study suggests that MPV may decrease in patients with CAF.
Resumo Fundamento: A fístula da artéria coronária (FAC) é uma conexão anormal que liga a artéria coronária a uma câmara cardíaca ou outro importante vaso sanguíneo. Vários estudos mostraram a associação entre o volume plaquetário médio (VPM) e as doenças cardiovasculares. Na literatura, não há estudo prévio sobre a associação entre os parâmetros hematológicos e a FAC congênita. Por essa razão, nosso objetivo foi investigar a relação do VPM com a FAC. Métodos: Foram incluídos 70 pacientes com artérias coronárias normais e 50 com fístulas de artérias coronárias. Os parâmetros sanguíneos e bioquímicos de rotina foram medidos antes da arteriografia. As diferenças entre os grupos para as variáveis contínuas foram analisadas com o teste t ou teste de Mann-Whitney. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. A análise de regressão foi utilizada para encontrar preditores independentes de FAC. Resultados: Os dados demográficos basais dos pacientes, incluindo idade e fatores de risco clínicos, foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Comparados à mediana do grupo controle (IIQ), os níveis de HDL-colesterol foram significativamente mais altos (p = 0,04) e os níveis de VPM foram significativamente mais baixos no grupo FAC (8,84 ± 1,71fL vs. 10,43 ± 1,34, p < 0,001). Na análise multivariada, apenas o VPM foi um preditor significativo de FAC (p<0,001, IC 95% para OR: 0,438 (0,306-0,629)). Foi encontrada uma correlação negativa entre o VPM e fístulas no teste de correlação de Pearson (r: -0,454, p < 0,001). Um nível de VPM < 9,6 fL apresentou sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo de 80%, 68%, 71% e 78%, respectivamente (AUC = 0,766, IC 95%, 0,678-0,854) para a previsão de FAC. Conclusão: O presente estudo sugere que o VPM pode diminuir no paciente com FAC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/blood , Mean Platelet Volume , Fistula/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Fistula/diagnosisSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vascular Diseases/congenital , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Vascular Diseases/diagnosis , Vascular Diseases/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Aftercare , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/therapy , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis摘要
Coronary artery fistulae are abnormal connections between a coronary artery and any cardiac chamber or other vessels. Most of them have a congenital origin. We report a 60 years old woman referring a history of progressive dyspnea and orthopnea during the last year. A continuous heart murmur was audible in the third and fourth intercostal spaces at the left sternal border. Electrocardiogram was normal and echocardiography showed mild dilation of right cavities and an image suggesting a dilated right coronary artery with flow to right atrium. Coronary angiography was performed, showing a normal left coronary artery and a very large, tortuous right coronary artery with an extensive communication to coronary venous sinus. Surgical treatment was decided and was performed without incidents. The patient is well after five years of follow up.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Arterio-Arterial Fistula/diagnosis , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Arterio-Arterial Fistula/surgery , Arterio-Arterial Fistula/congenital , Treatment Outcome , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/surgerySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Adult , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnosis , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Female , Humans , Noonan Syndrome/epidemiology摘要
Coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome. Most cases occur in women during the peripartum period, most likely influenced by hormonal changes, hemodynamic stress and modifications in the immune system during pregnancy. The pathogenesis of coronary artery dissection is unknown, hence numerous theories have been postulated such as pregnancy-related conditions, the presence of connective tissue disorders, trauma, etc. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic patients to the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndrome manifestations. The management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, with two options: medical therapy or an invasive approach, with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The choice of treatment options depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient, the extension of the dissection and the myocardial territory at risk. In this case report we present a 38-year-old female who had a coronary artery dissection seven days postpartum. Coronary catheterization showed dissection of the left main coronary artery that extended until the circumflex artery. An intra-aortic balloon pump was installed and the patient then underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, with satisfactory results.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/surgery , Vascular Diseases/congenital , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Postpartum Period , Vascular Diseases/diagnosis , Vascular Diseases/surgery摘要
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use , Collateral Circulation , Coronary Angiography/methods , Coronary Stenosis/diagnosis , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed摘要
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O relato de caso descreve uma situação rara e potencialmente fatal associada à administração de anestesia. Nosso objetivo foi discutir as causas de parada cardíaca súbita no período perioperatório em pacientes aparentemente saudáveis e a fisiopatologia das anomalias de origem das artérias coronárias como uma causa de parada cardíaca súbita. RELATO DE CASO: Uma mulher de 44 anos, sem sintomas prévios de doença coronariana ou arritmias, apresenta parada cardíaca súbita durante a instalação de anestesia geral em duas situações distintas. No primeiro episódio, a paciente apresentava-se com quadro de abdômen agudo, porém hemodinamicamente estável. Após a indução anestésica, ocorreu bradicardia e hipotensão arterial, refratárias à reposição de volume e vasopressores. O quadro evoluiu para assistolia. A paciente foi reanimada com sucesso e recebeu alta em boas condições. No segundo episódio, um ano após o primeiro, a paciente se encontrava em boas condições clínicas para feitura de uma cirurgia eletiva. Após a indução anestésica, a paciente desenvolveu taquicardia ventricular seguida por assistolia, que foi prontamente revertida. Após extensa investigação, foi identificada uma origem anômala da artéria coronária esquerda. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso relato é ilustrativo ao enfatizar que uma investigação diagnóstica minuciosa deve ser feita nos casos de parada cardíaca súbita perioperatória, mesmo em pacientes aparentemente saudáveis.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This case report describes a rare and potentially fatal condition associated with anesthesia administration. Our aim was to discuss the causes of sudden cardiac arrest during the perioperative period in apparently healthy patients and the pathophysiology of anomalous origin of the coronary arteries as a cause of sudden cardiac arrest. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 44 years old, with no previous symptoms of heart disease or arrhythmias, had a sudden cardiac arrest during general anesthesia in two different situations. In the first episode, the patient presented signs of acute abdomen, but remained hemodynamically stable. Following induction of anesthesia, the patient exhibited bradycardia and hypotension refractory to volume replacement and vasopressors. The condition progressed to asystole. The patient was successfully resuscitated and discharged from the hospital in good condition. In the second episode, one year after the first, the patient was in good clinical condition to undergo an elective surgery. After induction of anesthesia, the patient developed ventricular tachycardia followed by asystole, which was promptly reversed. After extensive investigation, an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our report is illustrative as it emphasizes that a thorough diagnostic investigation should be done in cases of sudden cardiac arrest during the perioperative period, even in patients that appear to be healthy.
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El relato de caso describe una situación rara y potencialmente fatal asociada con la administración de anestesia. Nuestro objetivo fue discutir las causas de parada cardíaca súbita en el período perioperatorio en pacientes aparentemente sanos y la fisiopatología de las anomalías de origen de las arterias coronarias como una causa de parada cardíaca súbita. RELATO DE CASO: Mujer de 44 años, sin sintomatología anterior de enfermedad coronaria o arritmias, que presenta una parada cardíaca súbita durante la aplicación de la anestesia general en dos situaciones distintas. En el primer episodio, la paciente tenía un cuadro de abdomen agudo pero hemodinámicamente estable. Después de la inducción anestésica, ocurrió una bradicardia e hipotensión arterial, refractarias a la reposición de volumen y vasopresores. El cuadro evolucionó con asistolia. La paciente fue reanimada con éxito y recibió alta en buenas condiciones. En el segundo episodio, un año después del primero, la paciente estaba en buenas condiciones clínicas para la realización de una cirugía electiva. Después de la inducción anestésica, desarrolló una taquicardia ventricular seguida por asistolia, que fue rápidamente revertida. Después de una extensa investigación, fue identificado un origen anómalo de la arteria coronaria izquierda. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestro relato es ilustrativo porque enfatiza que una investigación diagnóstica minuciosa debe ser realizada en los casos de parada cardíaca súbita perioperatoria, incluso en los pacientes aparentemente sanos.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Anesthesia, General , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology摘要
A origem das artérias coronárias é uma entidade relativamente rara, podendo apresentar-se de várias formas clínicas e evoluir de forma adversa. Recentemente, a angiotomografia das artérias coronárias tem demonstrado papel importante no dignóstico de manejo dessas anomalias, Apresentamos o caso de uma pacientes jovem, sexo feminino, sem comorbidades importantes, que apresentou quadro de parada cardiorespiratória, sendo reanimada por equipe do serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência. Após realização de angiotomografia multislice das artérias coronárias, foi observada origem anômala do tronco de coronárias esquerda, em seio coronariano direito, sem sinais de compressão extrínseca. A paciente recebeu, cardiodesfibrilador implantável e não apresentou intercorrências seguimento realizado. A angiotomografia multislice representa método propedêutico minimamente invasivo, que permite detectar a origem e trajeto das artérias coronárias, possibilitando alternativa ao cateterismo cardíaco, na avaliação de pacientes com origem anômala das artérias coronárias.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Defibrillators, Implantable , Diagnostic Imaging , Risk Factors摘要
A anomalia cardíaca tipo óstio único de artéria coronária é uma entidade congênita rara, de causa desconhecida. Clinicamente apresenta-se desde a forma assintomática até casos de morte súbita, podendo associar-se a doença arterial coronária aterosclerótica. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 68 anos de idade, com quadro de angina estável desde 2007, que, após três anos de seguimento, em decorrência de piora da angina, foi submetida a cinecoronariografia eletiva. A cateterização seletiva da coronária direita demonstrou anomalia tipo óstio único de artéria coronária, lesão significativa na artéria circunflexa e artéria descendente anterior ocluída no terço médio. A angiotomografia das coronárias demonstrou trajeto benigno da coronária anômala e a paciente evoluiu favoravelmente com o tratamento clínico.
Patient with Angina and Single Coronary Artery Ostium Originating from the Right Sinus of Valsalva Single coronary artery ostium is a rare congenital disease of unknown origin. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic disease to sudden death and it may be associated to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with stable angina since 2007, who was submitted to elective coronary angiography due to worsening of angina after three years of follow-up. Selective right coronary artery catheterization indicated the presence of single coronary artery ostium, significant lesion of the left circumflex artery, and mid left anterior descending artery occlusion. CT coronary angiography showed a benign course of the anomalous coronary artery and the patient had a favorable outcome with medical treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Sinus of Valsalva/surgery , Risk Factors , Death, Sudden摘要
Two patients with a common coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva, who under- went coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention following an acute coronary syndrome, are presented. The anatomic description based on previously published classification schemes is described. The clinical implications of this rare coronary anomaly and interventional considerations are addressed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sinus of Valsalva/abnormalities , Sinus of Valsalva/surgery , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Coronary Angiography/methods , Acute Coronary Syndrome/surgery , Acute Coronary Syndrome/etiology , Treatment Outcome摘要
A tomografia computadorizada multidetector (TCMD) com 64 canais disponibiliza para a prática clínica um excelente método para detecção de anomalias das artérias coronárias. O diagnóstico da anomalia coronariana consistindo da origem da artéria coronária esquerda no tronco pulmonar em adulto sem história prévia de doença congênita apresenta escassa casuística na literatura. Realizamos um relato de caso em uma paciente feminina de 30 anos de idade, com queixas de cansaço aos grandes esforços e cintilografia positiva para isquemia. O diagnóstico foi realizado pela TCMD de 64 canais e com isso verifica-se que o método pode ser utilizado como de primeira linha.
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with 64 channels provides to clinical practice an excellent method to detect coronary artery anomalies. The diagnosis of coronary anomalies consisting of origin of left coronary artery in the pulmonary trunk in adults with no history of congenital disease has few reports in literature. We report a case in a 30-year old female patient complaining of fatigue on major efforts and positive scintigraphy for ischemia. The diagnosis was made through 64-channel MDCT and thus it appears that the method can be used as baseline.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ventricular Function, LeftSubject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Coronary Angiography , Risk Factors摘要
Background: Congenital anomalies of coronary implantation are unfrequent, only 1 percent of congenital cardiopathies. The anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (alcapa) is far more frequent and its manifestations usually arise from myocardial ischemia. Case-report: A male infant 2 month-old that was admitted at our unit with cardiogenic shock and severe metabolic acidosis. The chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly and the echocardiography found diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, with left ventricular shortening fraction of 13 percent, evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and anomalous insertion of left coronary artery in the left postero-lateral side of pulmonary artery trunk. Connected to mechanical ventilation, he received crystalloids, hemoderivatives, inotropic hemodynamic support, furosemide and calcium continuous infusión. Modérate hypothermia appeared the second and third day after admission. He developed multiorgan dysfunction with cardiogenic shock and non-oliguric renal failure. At the fifth day, he was stable enough to try surgical repair. Coronary transference from pulmonary artery trunk to aorta was performed without serious adverse events. Finally, a month after his admission, he was discharged home. An ambulatory evaluation 3 months after showed normal cardiac function. Comment: Myocardial ischemia is the main manifestation of alcapa. Its signs and symptoms usually start at the end of the first gestational trimester, according to the lower pulmonary vascular resistance. The clinician must be aware in every patient with cardiogenic shock and dilated cardiomyopathy. Surgical repair must be done, although good outcomes can be achieved only with early and reliable diagnosis.
Introducción: Las anomalías de implantación de las arterias coronarias constituyen menos del 1 por ciento de las cardiopatías congénitas. La implantación anómala de la arteria coronaria izquierda (IAACI) es la más frecuente y se presenta habitualmente con manifestaciones de isquemia miocárdica. Caso clínico: Comunicamos un lactante de 2 meses de edad, sexo masculino, quién ingresó con shock cardiogénico y acidosis metabólica grave. Radiografía de tórax con cardiomegalia marcada, ecocardiograma reveló disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda grave con FAVI 13 por ciento), evidencias de miocardiopatía dilatada y sospecha IAACI (cara posterolateral izquierda tronco arteria pulmonar). Recibió ventilación mecánica, expansores de volumen, transfusión de hemoderivados, drogas inotrópicas, infusión furosemida, hipotermia moderada e infusión de calcio continua. Evolucionó con disfunción orgánica con: shock cardiogénico y falla renal no oligúrica. Al quinto día se logra estabilización y se somete a resolución quirúrgica, efectuándose transferencia coronaria desde tronco de arteria pulmonar a aorta. Fue dado de alta a su domicilio al mes de ingresado. Control ambulatorio a los tres meses con función cardíaca normal. Comentario: IAAC se manifiesta por isquemia miocárdica y los síntomas aparecen habitualmente al ocurrir el descenso de la resistencia vascular pulmonar. El resultado a largo plazo es bueno, si se realiza la revascularización en forma temprana. Su sospecha y búsqueda debe de ser acuciosa, contando con el valioso rol de la evaluación ecocardiográfica, en todo paciente que curse con shock cardiogénico y miocardiopatía dilatada.