摘要
A regurgitação tricúspide (RT) importante está associada à alta morbidade e mortalidade. Como o tratamento cirúrgico da RT isolada tem sido associado à alta mortalidade, as intervenções transcateter na valva tricúspide (VT) têm sido utilizadas para o seu tratamento, com risco relativamente mais baixo. Há um atraso na intervenção da RT e provavelmente está relacionado a uma compreensão limitada da anatomia da VT e do ventrículo direito, além da subestimação da gravidade da RT. Nesse cenário, faz-se necessário o conhecimento anatômico abrangente da VT, a fisiopatologia envolvida no mecanismo de regurgitação, assim como a sua graduação mais precisa. A VT tem peculiaridades anatômica, histológica e espacial que fazem a sua avalição ser mais complexa, quando comparado à valva mitral, sendo necessário o conhecimento e treinamento nas diversas técnicas ecocardiográficas que serão utilizadas frequentemente em combinação para uma avaliação precisa. Esta revisão descreverá a anatomia da VT, o papel do ecocardiograma no diagnóstico, graduação e fisiopatologia envolvida na RT, as principais opções atuais de tratamento transcateter da RT e a avaliação do resultado após intervenção transcateter por meio de múltiplas modalidades ecocardiográficas.(AU)
Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Given that surgical treatment of TR alone has been associated with high mortality, transcatheter interventions in the tricuspid valve (TV) have been used for its treatment, with relatively lower risk. There is a delay in intervention for TR, and this is probably related to a limited understanding of the anatomy of the TV and the right ventricle, in addition to an underestimation of the severity of TR. In this scenario, it is necessary to have comprehensive anatomical knowledge of the TV, the pathophysiology involved in the mechanism of regurgitation, and more accurate grading. The TV has anatomical, histological, and spatial peculiarities that make its assessment more complex when compared to the mitral valve, requiring knowledge and training in the various echocardiographic techniques that will often be used in combination for accurate assessment. This review will describe the anatomy of the TV, the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis, grading, and pathophysiology involved in TR; the main transcatheter treatment options currently available for TR; and the assessment of outcomes after transcatheter intervention by means of multiple echocardiographic modalities.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tricuspid Valve/anatomy & histology , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Pericardial Effusion/complications , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Endocarditis/complications , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methodsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/complications , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/therapy , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods摘要
Adulto jovem de 18 anos que evoluiu após traumatismo craniencefálico leve com fístula carotídea direta. Apresentou zumbido e exoftalmia, ambos de característica pulsátil e à esquerda. Foi submetido a estudo com Doppler das carótidas, que mostrou elevadas velocidades do fluxo sanguíneo e índices de resistência reduzidos nas artérias carótidas comum e interna esquerdas, compatíveis com fístula carotídea direta. A angiotomografia computadorizada cerebral confirmou a fístula carotídea. Foi encaminhado para tratamento endovascular por embolização, com sucesso. O Doppler de carótidas pode ter papel importante no diagnóstico das fístulas carotídeas diretas e acompanhamento de pacientes submetidos à terapêutica endovascular.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/therapy , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography/methodsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/genetics , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Vessels/anatomy & histology , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Echocardiography/instrumentation , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/classification摘要
Resumo Os aneurismas verdadeiros de artéria femoral profunda são extremamente raros, representando cerca de 0,5% do total dos aneurismas periféricos. Neste relato, descrevemos um paciente de 79 anos de idade, sexo masculino, com histórico de abordagem cirúrgica prévia convencional devido a aneurisma de aorta abdominal, que deu entrada no Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital das Clínicas com quadro de claudicação intermitente de membros inferiores. Foi realizado eco-Doppler colorido arterial do membro inferior direito, que revelou doença arterial periférica femoro-poplítea e infrapatelar. A angiotomografia computadorizada identificou oclusão aortoilíaca e do enxerto bifurcado desde o segmento infrarrenal da aorta, além de aneurisma de artéria femoral profunda de 3,7 x 3,5 cm de diâmetro com 7 cm de extensão. Procedeu-se com a ressecção do aneurisma e revascularização da artéria femoral profunda por interposição de prótese de Dacron® e reimplante de artéria femoral superficial na prótese. Portanto, nos casos de aneurisma de artéria femoral profunda concomitante a doença arterial periférica, deve-se atentar para revascularização e perfusão adequada do membro inferior.
Abstract True deep femoral artery aneurysms are extremely rare, accounting for about 0.5% of all peripheral aneurysms. In this report, we describe a 79-year-old male patient with a history of prior abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery via a conventional approach who was admitted to the vascular surgery service at the Hospital das Clínicas with intermittent claudication of the lower limbs. Arterial color-Doppler ultrasonography of the right lower limb was performed, revealing peripheral arterial disease of the femoral--popliteal and infrapatellar segments. Computed tomography angiography identified aortoiliac and bifurcated graft occlusion from the infrarenal segment of the aorta, in addition to a deep femoral artery aneurysm with diameters of 3.7 cm x 3.5 cm and length of 7 cm. Resection of the aneurysm was followed by revascularization of the deep femoral artery by interposition of a Dacron® graft and reimplantation of the superficial femoral artery into the graft. In cases of deep femoral artery aneurysms with concomitant peripheral arterial disease, it is important to ensure revascularization and adequate perfusion of the lower limb.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Peripheral Arterial Disease/surgery , Aneurysm/surgery , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Lower Extremity , Femoral Artery , Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnostic imaging , Computed Tomography Angiography , Intermittent Claudication , Aneurysm/diagnostic imagingSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Stroke/drug therapy , Intracranial Embolism/etiology , Moyamoya Disease/therapy , Moyamoya Disease/diagnostic imaging , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Stroke/complications , Electrocardiography , Valsartan/pharmacology , Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy/methods , Anticoagulants/pharmacologySubject(s)
Humans , Adult , Endocardial Cushion Defects/surgery , Endocardial Cushion Defects/diagnostic imaging , Heart Atria/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/complications , Patient Discharge , Time Factors , Echocardiography , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Comorbidity , Radionuclide Ventriculography/methods , Aftercare , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Sternotomy/methodsSubject(s)
Humans , Aged , Rheumatic Diseases/etiology , Mitral Valve Prolapse/etiology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/classification , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/complications , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Chronic Disease/classification , Prevalence , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Echocardiography, Stress/methods , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Mitral Valve Annuloplasty/methods摘要
Fundamento: O fluxo coronariano com predomínio diastólico aumenta duas a cinco vezes na hiperemia, mediada por vasodilatação (reserva de fluxo coronariano), podendo, na hipertrofia, ocorrer isquemia relativa. Na hipertrofia secundária, o fluxo em repouso torna-se isquêmico pelo aumento da demanda. Na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica com fibrose perivascular, há funcionalização de vasos colaterais, para aumentar a irrigação dos segmentos hipertrofiados. Objetivo: Determinar o padrão do fluxo coronariano em pacientes com hipertrofia secundária e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, avaliando a reserva de fluxo coronariano. Métodos: Avaliamos o fluxo coronariano em 34 pacientes com hipertrofia secundária, em 24 com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e em 16 controles. A artéria descendente anterior foi detectada com Doppler transtorácico com calibração adequada do equipamento. Nos grupos controle e com hipertrofia secundária, foi calculada a reserva de fluxo coronariano com dipiridamol (0,84 mg/kg) endovenoso. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado em seis pacientes do grupo com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, nos quais também foi avaliado o fluxo das colaterais da região hipertrófica. Os dados foram comparados por variância com significância de 5%. Resultados: Na hipertrofia secundária, houve aumento do índice de massa e, na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, predominou o aumento da espessura relativa. A fração de ejeção e a disfunção diastólica foram maiores no grupo com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. A reserva de fluxo coronariano foi menor no grupo com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, sendo detectado, também, fluxo de colaterais com redução da reserva de fluxo coronariano. Conclusão: A análise da circulação coronariana com Doppler transtorácico é possível em indivíduos normais e hipertróficos. Pacientes com hipertrofia secundária e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica apresentam diminuição da reserva de fluxo coronariano, e aqueles com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica mostram fluxo de vasos colaterais dilatados observados na região hipertrófica, com diminuição da reserva de fluxo coronariano.(AU)
Background: Coronary flow with a diastolic predominance increases two to five times in hyperemia, mediated by vasodilation (coronary flow reserve, CFR) and, in hypertrophy, relative ischemia may occur. In secondary hypertrophy (LVH), the flow, normal at rest, becomes ischemic due to increased demand. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with perivascular fibrosis, collateral vessels appear to increase the irrigation of hypertrophied segments. Objective: To determine the coronary flow pattern in patients with secondary hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, evaluating the coronary flow reserve. Methods: Coronary flow was evaluated in 34 patients with secondary hypertrophy, 24 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in 16 controls. The anterior descending artery was detected with transthoracic Doppler with adequate equipment calibration. In the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group, the flow of collaterals from the hypertrophic region was evaluated. In the control and secondary hypertrophy groups and in six patients in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group, the intravenous dipyridamole (0.84 mg) coronary flow reserve was calculated. The data were compared by variance with a significance of 5%Results: In secondary hypertrophy there was an increase in mass index and blood pressure, and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy an increase in relative thickness predominated. Ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction were higher in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group. The coronary flow reserve was lower in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group, and flow of collaterals was also detected, with a reduction in the coronary flow reserve. Conclusion: the analysis of coronary circulation with transthoracic Doppler is possible in normal and hypertrophic individuals. Patients with secondary hypertrophy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a decrease in the coronary flow reserve, and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy show a hyper flow of dilated collateral vessels observed in the hypertrophic region, with a decrease in the coronary flow reserve.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Angiography/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Dipyridamole/administration & dosage , Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial , Aminophylline/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Coronary Sinus/pathology , Anomalous Left Coronary Artery/pathology , Anomalous Left Coronary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Hernia, Umbilical/surgery , Iliac Artery/pathology , Iliac Artery/diagnostic imaging , Time Factors , Echocardiography/methods , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Clinical Evolution/methods , Arterio-Arterial Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Aftercare , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Electrocardiography , Computed Tomography Angiography/methodsSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Abdominal Pain/diagnostic imaging , Heart Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Abdominal Pain/pathology , Aneurysm, False/pathology , Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Heart Rupture/pathology , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imagingSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnostic imagingSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Tricuspid Valve/diagnostic imaging , beta-Thalassemia/complications , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , beta-Thalassemia/therapy , Fatal Outcome , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Incidental Findings摘要
SUMMARY Hemorrhagic pseudocysts with pseudoaneurysms are a rare and fatal complication of chronic pancreatitis due to the erosion of pancreatic to peripancreatic arteries. The timing of the rupture cannot be accurately predicted, but prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent further bleeding. We describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented acute epigastric pain and anemia and had a history of chronic pancreatitis with a pseudocyst. A biliary and pancreas MRI showed an enlarged size of a known pancreatic pseudocyst with internal high signal intensity material. Color-Doppler ultrasonography showed pulsating signals in the pseudocyst, and our final diagnosis was a pseudoaneurysm in the pancreatic hemorrhagic pseudocyst. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with coil embolization of the feeding artery. We report this case of a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis to show that color-Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive and effective diagnostic tool for pseudoaneurysm, which enables early detection and prompt treatment without the need for invasive diagnostic modalities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology摘要
Objectif : Décrire les indications et les résultats de l'échographie Doppler vasculaire en pratique de ville à Cotonou au Bénin. Matériels et Méthodes : Une étude rétrospective et descriptive a été menée sur les archives des comptes rendus d'échographie Doppler vasculaire d'octobre 2015 à juin 2018, soit une période de 33 mois dans l'unité d'échographie du Centre d'Imagerie Médicale et de Diagnostic.Tous les patients ayant fait une échographie Doppler vasculaire dans la période ont été inclus dans l'étude. Les variables étudiées étaient l'âge et le sexe, les indications cliniques, la région anatomique examinée et les lésions retrouvées à l'échographie Doppler vasculaire. Résultats : 73 patients ont été inclus. L'âge moyen des patients était de 54,30 ans ± 11,58. Les patients étaient en majorité de sexe masculin (54,79%) avec une sex-ratio M/F égale à 1,21. L'indication de l'échographie Doppler vasculaire était pertinente dans 100% des cas. Les indications les plus fréquentes étaient le pied diabétique (32,88%), la suspicion de thrombose veineuse profonde (19,18%), les grosses jambes douloureuses (12,33%) et les oedèmes des membres pelviens (9,59%). L'échographie Doppler vasculaire des membres pelviens représentaient 93,11% des examens. 54 examens (73,97%) étaient revenus pathologiques. Les pathologies vasculaires les plus rencontrées étaient l'artériopathie calcifiante des membres pelviens (27,78%), l'insuffisance veineuse (18,51%) et la thrombose veineuse profonde (16,67%). Conclusion : L'échographie Doppler vasculaire réalisée par un spécialiste est performante dans le diagnostic des pathologies vasculaires périphériques. Elle constitue une alternative pertinente et peu onéreuse l'exploration vasculaire dans les pays à ressource limitée. Dans le contexte d'émergence des maladies cardio-vascu- laires dans ces pays, elle mérite d'être vulgarisée dans les centres publiques et privées
Subject(s)
Benin , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Case Reports , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Outcome Assessment, Health CareSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pilot Projects , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Renal Dialysis/methods , Mesenteric Arteries/surgery , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Bioprosthesis/trends , Vascular Patency , Prospective Studies , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Upper Extremity , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Vascular Access Devices , Kidney摘要
Complicações relacionadas ao acesso venoso cervicotorácico, como os pseudoaneurismas (PAs), podem ser devastadoras. Neste artigo, apresentamos dois casos semelhantes em que o avanço tecnológico impactou no diagnóstico, tratamento e resultados. Ambos pacientes apresentaram volumoso PA após a tentativa de punção venosa profunda. O primeiro caso, em 1993, diagnosticado por duplex scan , revelou grande PA oriundo da artéria subclávia direita. A artéria foi abordada por esternotomia mediana com extensão supraclavicular. O PA originava-se do tronco tireocervical, tratado com simples ligadura. No segundo caso, em 2017, angiotomografia revelou um PA originário da artéria vertebral, que foi tratado com técnica endovascular, mantendo a perviedade do vaso. Ambos evoluíram satisfatoriamente, apesar de abordagens bastante diferentes. A lesão vascular cervicotorácica representa um desafio propedêutico e terapêutico, com alto risco de ruptura. Os avanços tecnológicos diminuem os riscos de lesões vasculares com acesso cirúrgico difícil e devem estar entre as opções do cirurgião vascular
Complications such as pseudoaneurysms (PA) related to cervicothoracic venous access can be devastating. In this article, we present two similar cases in which technological advances impacted diagnosis, treatment, and results. Both patients developed massive PA after deep venous puncture attempts. The first case occurred in 1993 and was diagnosed by a duplex scan that revealed a large PA originating from the right subclavian artery. The artery was approached by median sternotomy with supraclavicular extension. The PA originated from the thyrocervical trunk and was treated with simple ligation. The second case was in 2017. Angiotomography revealed a PA originating in the vertebral artery, which was treated with endovascular techniques, maintaining vessel patency. Both patients progressed satisfactorily, despite quite different approaches. Cervicothoracic vascular lesions represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, where the risk of rupture is high. Technological advances have reduced the risks involved in management of vascular injuries with difficult surgical access
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Vertebral Artery , Aneurysm, False/therapy , Endovascular Procedures , Subclavian Artery , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Angiography/methods , Stents , Treatment Outcome , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Sternotomy/methods , Hematoma摘要
A escleroterapia continua sendo um dos procedimentos mais executados pelos cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros. O conhecimento das suas complicações é imprescindível para que possamos evitá-las. Os efeitos colaterais graves desse método de tratamento para as telangiectasias dos membros inferiores são raros e frequentemente associados a um erro técnico ou à dosagem injetada. São predominantemente locais, apresentando-se, algumas vezes, como uma situação de difícil resolução. Relatamos um caso de formação de necrose cutânea após escleroterapia química com glicose hipertônica (75%) e sua cicatrização utilizando preparação tópica contendo vaselina e glicose 60%, cujo resultado estético foi satisfatório
Sclerotherapy remains one of the procedures most frequently performed by Brazilian vascular surgeons. Knowledge of its complications is indispensable to enable us to avoid them. The severe side effects of this method of treatment for telangiectasias of the lower limbs are rare and are often associated with technical errors or the dose injected. Complications are predominantly local, but are sometimes difficult to resolve. We report a case of formation of cutaneous necrosis after chemical sclerotherapy using hypertonic glucose (75%), which healed when treated with a topical preparation containing vaseline and 60% glucose, with satisfactory esthetic results