摘要
El presente estudio es una comparación del dolor abdominal producido por trastornos gastrointestinales, aliviado por Ageratina ligustrina , entre los grupos maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q Ìeqchi Ì, el cual integró un enfoque etnomédico, etnobotánico y transcultural, comparando estudios previos con el presente trabajo de campo. Para evaluar la eficacia de Ageratina para aliviar el dolor abdominal, se realizó un inventario de las moléculas reportadas en esta especie, así como de su actividad farmacológica, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados mostraron que la epidemiología del dolor producido por TGI, su etnobotánica y el modelo explicativo del dolor abdominal fueron similares entre grupos étnicos. Asimismo, se identificaron 27 moléculas con efectos antiinflamatorios y antinociceptivos, lo que podría explicar por qué esta especie es culturalmente importante para los pobladores maya Tzeltal, Tzotzil y Q Ìeqch i Ì para el alivio del dolor abdominal, mientras que, desde el punto de vista biomédico, es una especie con potencial para inhibir el dolor visceral.
The current study is a comparison of the abdominal pain conception produced by gastrointestinal disorders, relieved by Ageratina ligustrina , among inhabitants of the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups ethnomedical, ethnobotanical, and cross -cultural approaches were used to compare previous studies with the present field work. To evaluate the efficacy of A. ligustrina to relieve pain, also through a bibliographic review an inventory of the molecules present in this species was performed, as well as their pharmacological activity. The results showed that the epidemiology of pain produced by GID, its ethnobotany, and the explanatory model of abdominal pain are similar among ethnic groups. Likewise, 27 molecules with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects were identified, which could explain why this species is culturally important for the Mayan Tzeltal, Tzotzil, and Q'eqchi' groups for the relief of abdominal pain, while, from a biomedical point of view, it is a species with potential to inhibit visceral pain.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Indians, Central American , Abdominal Pain/drug therapy , Ethnopharmacology , Ageratina/chemistry , Ethnobotany , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Mexico摘要
The use and knowledge of native and naturalized medicinal plants were evaluated in four communities of Villa Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico. The information was obtained through semi - structured surveys conducted with 1 18 people of different age and gender categories. To determine the most important plant species, indexes of value and frequency of use were generated. Seventy - nine species of 49 families were recorded, as well as their use in the treatment of various disea ses according to local knowledge. The species with the highest value of use were Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) and Psidium guajava L. (guava). (guava). The most important families by number of specie s used were, in order of importance: Asteraceae and Rutaceae with five species Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae with four species each.
Se evaluaron el uso y conocimiento de las plantas medicinales nativas y naturalizadas en cuatro comunidades de Villa Corzo, Chiapas, México. La información se obtuvo a través de encuestas semiestructuradas realizadas a 118 personas de distintas categorías de edad y género. Para determinar las especies de plantas más importantes se generaron índices de valor y frecuencia de uso. Se registraron 79 especies de 49 familias, así como su uso en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades de acuerdo al conocimiento local. Las especies con mayor valor de uso fueron Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (sábila), Verbena officinalis L. (verbena), Ocimum basilicum L. (albahaca) y Psidium guajava L. (guayaba). Las familias más importantes por el número de especies utilizadas fueron, en orden de importancia: Asteraceae y Rutaceae con cinco especies, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae y Rosaceae con cuatro especies cada una.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Ethnobotany , Rural Population , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ethnopharmacology , Mexico摘要
The root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, also called Huangqin, is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. In ancient China, S. baicalensis root was used to clear heat, protect the fetus, and avoid a miscarriage for thousands of years. In modern times, pregnancy-related diseases can seriously affect maternal and fetal health, but few systematic studies have explored the mechanisms and potential targets of S. baicalensis root in the treatment of pregnancy-related diseases. Flavonoids (baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A) and flavonoid glycosides (baicalin and wogonoside) are the main chemical components in the root of S. baicalensis. This study presents the current understanding of the major chemical components in the root of S. baicalensis, focusing on their traditional uses, potential therapeutic effects and ethnopharmacological relevance to pregnancy-related disorders. The mechanisms, potential targets and experimental models of S. baicalensis root for ameliorating pregnancy-related diseases, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction and gestational diabetes mellitus, are highlighted.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Pregnancy , Female , Scutellaria baicalensis , Premature Birth/drug therapy , Flavonoids , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Ethnopharmacology , China摘要
Objectives@#A recent review on the status of Philippine ethnobotany showed the lack of ethnobotanical studies in the Visayas group of islands. The use of medicinal plants by the Eskaya, an Indigenous ethnic group in the province of Bohol in Visayas, Philippines, has not yet been documented. This study determines the ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers in selected Eskaya communities in Bohol.@*Methods@#Fifteen (15) Eskaya traditional healers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and the valuable medicinal plant species were identified through guided field walks. Informal group discussions with the community were also conducted. Moreover, the fidelity level, informant consensus factor (ICF), and use values (UV) were calculated.@*Results@#Our results showed that the majority of the Eskaya healers belong to an older age group (38 – 71 years old). Eighty-five medicinal plants recorded belong to 44 plant families—with Family Lamiaceae having the highest number of species represented. The leaf is the most common plant part used for healing. Blumea balsamifera was an essential plant with a UV of 0.8. Cardiovascular diseases have the highest ICF values of 0.6, and the most common plants used for these diseases include Cymbopogon citratus, Zingiber officinale, and Luffa cylindrica.@*Conclusion@#Our study yielded a record of native and non-native medicinal plants used by the Eskaya healers. This initial listing is also their contribution to promoting medicinal plants that are accessible and abundant in their communities.
Subject(s)
Ethnobotany , Ethnopharmacology , Herbal Medicine , Philippines , Medicine, Traditional摘要
This paper explores the medicinal plants used by Coqueiros Community, Brazil, for the treatment of various ailments. We apply the structured interview and the participant observation, and the local knowledge was analyzed using quantitative measures applied to the general sampling to contribute to selection of promising species for biotechnological development. This community cited 105 species from 53 plant families. The most representative families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae and Rutaceae. Among the species mentioned in this survey, 66,7% of them occur in the Cerrado as native vegetation. The species considered the most important by interviewees are those with action for the largest number of health problems. Thus, the statistical indexes used here, such as Relative Impotance (RI), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), contributed to identify these species. To conclude, from this research we have known the potential of the Brazilian vegetation for the development of biotechnology.
Este artículo explora las plantas medicinales utilizadas por la comunidad de Coqueiros, Brasil, para el tratamiento de diversas dolencias. Aplicamos la entrevista estructurada y la observación participante, y se analizó el conocimiento local mediante medidas cuantitativas aplicadas al muestreo general para contribuir a la selección de especies promisorias para el desarrollo biotecnológico. Esta comunidad citó 105 especies de 53 familias de plantas. Las familias más representativas fueron Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae y Rutaceae. Entre las especies mencionadas en esta encuesta, el 66,7% de ellas se encuentran en el Cerrado como vegetación nativa. Las especies consideradas más importantes por los entrevistados son aquellas con acción para el mayor número de problemas de salud. Así, los índices estadísticos utilizados aquí, como Importancia Relativa (RI), Factor de Consenso del Informante (ICF) y Frecuencia Relativa de Citación (RFC), contribuyeron a identificar estas especies. Para concluir, a partir de esta investigación hemos conocido el potencial de la vegetación brasileña para el desarrollo de la biotecnología.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Ethnobotany , Ethnopharmacology , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Biodiversity , Medicine, Traditional摘要
Despite access to conventional medical therapies, the use of complementary medicine is increasing in many communities. The present study aimed to evaluate the popular knowledge of medicinal plants used to treat diabetes and its co-morbidities, in four rural communities in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, in the Brazilian State of Pernambuco. The relative importance of a particular medicinal plant was calculated based on the percentage of mentions (IR%). The similarity between the communities was quantified using the Sørensen index (Ss). Interviews were conducted with 141 patients, of these, 83 reported use of medicinal plants as an alternative treatment. Overall there were 186 mentions, covering 61 ethnospecies. In relation to IR%, Mentha × villosa presented the highest value.Knowing the factors that influence selection of medicinal plants sheds light on the mechanisms through which patterns of use develop and this may help to preserve this knowledge.
A pesar del acceso a las terapias médicas convencionales, el uso de la medicina complementaria está aumentando en muchas comunidades. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento popular de las plantas medicinales utilizadas para el tratamiento de la diabetes y sus comorbilidades, en cuatro comunidades rurales del municipio de Vitória de Santo Antão, en el estado brasileño de Pernambuco. La importancia relativa de una planta medicinal en particular se calculó en base al porcentaje de menciones (% de IR). La similitud entre las comunidades se cuantificó mediante el índice de Sørensen (Ss). Se realizaron entrevistas con 141 pacientes, de estos, 83 informaron el uso de plantas medicinales como tratamiento alternativo. En total hubo 186 menciones, cubriendo 61 etnoespecies. En relación al% de RI, Mentha × villosa presentó el valor más alto. Conocer los factores que influyen en la selección de plantas medicinales arroja luz sobre los mecanismos a través de los cuales se desarrollan los patrones de uso y esto puede ayudar a preservar este conocimiento.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Ethnopharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Medicine, Traditional , Brazil摘要
Indigenous knowledge is one of the most notable traditional sources about plants used to treat diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the botanical features and to investigate the pharmacological properties of plants used by the Kantaruré-Batida community to treat intestinal parasitosis. Botanical characterization was performed based on integrative review andon access to 'Flora do Brasil' platform, whereas plants' pharmacological properties were investigated through systematic review. Among the 21 ethnospecies used, 48% were described as having activity against intestinal parasites. Although 52% had no such activity described, other properties can account for their use, that indicates that further studies are required. Therefore, this review reinforces the importance of valuing indigenous knowledge as tool to guide antiparasitic agent trials.
El conocimiento indígena es una de las fuentes tradicionales más notables sobre las plantas utilizadas para tratar enfermedades. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características botánicas e investigar las propiedades farmacológicas de las plantas utilizadas por la comunidad Kantaruré-Batida para tratar la parasitosis intestinal. La caracterización botánica se realizó con base en una revisión integradora y en el acceso a la plataforma "Flora do Brasil", mientras que las propiedades farmacológicas de las plantas se investigaron mediante una revisión sistemática. Entre las 21 etnoespecies utilizadas, se describió que el 48% tenía actividad contra los parásitos intestinales. Aunque el 52% no tenía tal actividad descrita, otras propiedades pueden explicar su uso, lo que indica que se requieren más estudios. Por lo tanto, esta revisión refuerza la importancia de valorar el conocimiento indígena como herramienta para guiar los ensayos de agentes antiparasitarios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Ethnopharmacology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Brazil , Ethnobotany摘要
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is a medicinal plant used to manage inflammatory illnesses such as conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tract disorders in tropical and subtropical regions. However, little is known about its pharmacological mechanism of action against eye diseases. This review aims to critically discuss the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. pellucida as well as its roles in the treatment of cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Recent developments in the uses of P. pellucida for healthcare and nutraceutical products by the pharmaceutical industry are also covered in this review. For this review, a literature search was performed with PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder Scholar and Scopus databases, using relevant keywords. Among the various phytochemicals identified from P. pellucida, β-caryophyllene, carotol, dillapiole, ellagic acid, pellucidin A, phytol and vitexin exhibit strong pharmacological activities within the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways in inflammatory eye diseases. The antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-angiogenic activities displayed by P. pellucida extracts in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies suggest its potential role in the management of inflammatory eye diseases. P. pellucida extract was non-toxic against normal cell lines but displayed mild toxicity in animal models. The growing public interest in P. pellucida has inspired the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries to process the plant into health products. Although the potential pharmacological mechanisms against eye diseases have been summarized, further studies of the interactions among constituent phytochemicals from P. pellucida within various signalling pathways shall support the use of the plant as an alternative therapeutic source.
Subject(s)
Animals , Ethnopharmacology , Eye Diseases/drug therapy , Peperomia , Phytochemicals/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal摘要
Aconitum heterophyllum (Patrees) is a critically endangered medicinal herb of the northwestern Himalayas and has enormous pharmacological potential. It is the only nonpoisonous member of the genus Aconitum, and has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times. A. heterophyllum is an important ingredient in many traditional systems of medicine. Mostly, it is harvested for its roots, and its medicinal properties are due to the presence of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, commonly known as aconites. Our understanding of the pharmacological properties of this intriguing genus is continuously growing due to its broad chemical diversity. The therapeutic uses identified by traditional medicinal practice are receiving extensive study. Multiple in vitro experimental investigations of A. heterophyllum have reported the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, antiparasitic and anticancer properties, as well as its effects on the central nervous system. In this review, we highlight the classification, distribution, commerce, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and conservation measures relevant to this species. Additionally, this review includes the biosynthetic pathways of A. heterophyllum's key constituents, which could be targeted to enhance the expression levels of desired metabolites via genetic interventions. Studying the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomic aspects of this species would be helpful in developing highly designed genotypes and chemotypes of this species to be used in commercial production.
Subject(s)
Aconitum/genetics , Ethnopharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry摘要
Background@#Despite the mounting studies on the practical use of species of the pantropical family Melastomataceae, especially their medicinal utility, no attempt at compiling the diverse findings has been made to date. Moreover, most reviews of medicinal flora tend to focus more on the biomedical properties of the plants than their equally meaningful evolutionary and ethnobiological aspects. @*Objectives@#This review aimed to describe and synthesize the current knowledge from and trends in medicinal studies of locally relevant members of the Melastomataceae. Specifically, it sought to gather, select, assess, and analyze digitally available field studies about the anti-infective potential of the genera of the Melastomataceae that occur in the Philippines using a combined evolutionary and ethnobiological lens. @*Methodology@#Web-based search was conducted in EBSCO, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and local databases of medicinal ethnobotany for full and original research papers in Filipino or English. Studies were screened and assessed independently based on taxonomic reliability and ethnobiological methodology. Data were analyzed qualitatively using an integrated evolutionary and ethnobiological framework. @*Results@#Thirty-four ethnobiological studies comprising journal articles and theses that surveyed 41 localities and cultural groups from 12 countries were reviewed. Three Philippine native melastome species are used in treating potentially infectious conditions: Dissochaeta divaricata, Melastoma malabathricum, and M. sanguineum. Other genera native to the Philippines with congeneric species used for anti-infective purposes elsewhere are Medinilla, Memecylon, Osbeckia, and Sonerila. Indications with the most cross-regional consensus include cuts, wounds, and skin infections, diarrhea and dysentery, and buccal, respiratory, and urogenital infections.@*Conclusion@#This review revealed that Philippine native melastome genera and species are available for infectious disease mitigation and exhibit high use convergence across geographically and culturally divergent communities but remain untapped. Documenting medicinal flora in an area or community based on their evolutionary relationships and ethnomedicinal usage is significant not only in bioprospecting but more importantly, in preserving indigenous knowledge and natural patrimony, especially amid collapsing socioecological systems and emerging diseases.
Subject(s)
Ethnobotany , Medicine, Traditional , Ethnopharmacology , Herbal Medicine , Medicine, Traditional摘要
The current study was designed to investigate the traditional recipes used to treat cough in Tehsil Piran, Malakand, Pakistan. These recipes were explored and quantitively analyzed for the first time. A total of 30 species of the plants, 6 animal products and one salt were reported to be used by the community to treat cough. Punica granatum L. and Olea ferruginea Royle dominated with Use value (UV) of 0.84 and Origanum vulgare L. with least use value of 0.1. The frequency citation (FC) of the Papaver somniferum L. is higher (98) while the lowest one is Verbascum thapsus L. (0.13). The large number of traditional recipes used for cough in this area shows that primary health care is still amalgamated in this culture. In future studies, these recipes may be further exploited as a base for modern medicine.
Este estudio fue diseñado con el propósito de investigar las recetas tradicionales utilizadas para tratar la tos en Tehsil Piran, Malakand, Pakistán. Estas recetas fueron exploradas y analizadas cuantitativamente por primera vez. Se constata que la comunidad utilizó un total de 30 especies de plantas, 6 productos animales y una sal para tratar la tos. Punica granatum L. y Olea ferruginea Royle se destacaron con un valor de uso (UV) de 0.84 y Origanum vulgare L. con un valor de uso mínimo de 0.1. La cita de frecuencia (FC) del Papaver somniferum L. es más alta (98) mientras que la más baja es Verbascum thapsus L. (0.13). La gran cantidad de recetas tradicionales utilizadas para la tos en esta área muestra que la atención primaria de salud todavía está amalgamada en esta cultura. En futuros estudios, estas recetas pueden explotarse aún más como base para la medicina moderna.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Cough/drug therapy , Ethnopharmacology , Pakistan摘要
Resumen: El "Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis" (Librito de las Hierbas Medicinales de los Indios) fue elaborado por los sabios indígenas Martín De la Cruz y Juan Badiano, 31 años después de la caída del imperio azteca. El primero es su autor, el segundo tradujo el manuscrito del Náhuatl al latín. Contiene numerosas recetas para tratar enfermedades humanas y 185 dibujos a color de las plantas utilizadas. En 1939 se publicó por primera vez como "Un Herbario Azteca". Empero, también contiene enfermedades y prácticas médicas europeas del siglo XVI. Presentamos una revisión actualizada de este hermoso códice, su historia, concepción, creadores y botánica; además, la química y farmacología de cinco plantas ahí citadas. El Libellus es una ventana en el tiempo que permite la investigación científica del antiguo conocimiento etnofarmacológico en Mesoamérica y documentar su persistencia, desaparición o transformación. Sin embargo, esto requiere superar desafíos lingüísticos, pero también derivados de su contexto histórico, antropológico, cultural, botánico y médico.
Abstract: The "Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis" (Little Book of Indian Medicinal Plants) was composed by the indigenous sages Martín De la Cruz and Juan Badiano, 31 years after the Aztec Empire fall. The former was the author, and the latter translated the manuscript from the Nahuatl language to Latin. It contains numerous recipes for treating human diseases and 185 colored drawings of the prescribed plants. In 1939 it was first published as "An Aztec Herbarium". However, it also contains XVI century European diseases and medical practices. We present an updated review of this beautiful codex, its history, conception, creators, and botany; as well as, the chemistry and pharmacology of five plants therein cited. The Libellus is a window in the time that allows the scientific research of ancient ethnopharmacological knowledge in Mesoamerica and document its persistence, disappearance, or transformation. However, this requires overcoming linguistic defies, but also derived from its historical, anthropological, cultural, botanical, and medical context.
Subject(s)
History, 16th Century , Plants, Medicinal , Science/history , Americas , Ethnopharmacology , Mexico摘要
RESUMEN Objetivo. Se evaluó la actividad acaricida de Momordica charantia (Mc), Megaskepasma erythrochlamys (Me) y Gliricidia sepium (Gs) sobre Rhipicephalus microplus (Rm). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la marcha fitoquímica preliminar de hojas del extracto metanólico de Mc (EMc), del extracto etanólico de Me (EMe) y del extracto acetónico de Gs (EGs) a través de la técnica de colorimetría y cromatografía en capa delgada (CCD). La actividad acaricida se realizó a través de pruebas in-vitro utilizando la prueba de inmersión de larvas (LIT) y la prueba de inmersión de adultos (AIT). Para las pruebas in-situ se usaron bovinos en pastoreo infestados naturalmente con garrapatas, utilizando las CL50 obtenidas en las pruebas in-vitro AIT; posteriormente las teleoginas se llevaron a incubación para evaluar su capacidad reproductiva. Resultados. Se determinó la presencia de varios grupos de metabolitos secundarios de interés acaricida. Se demostró el efecto acaricida de los extractos de las plantas sobre teleoginas; aunque sólo EGs mostró actividad larvicida. Los extractos a 160 mg/mL afectaron el ciclo de vida de Rm inhibiendo la ovoposición en un 46.9%, 66.1% y 84.03% (p<0.05) para EGs, EMc y EMe, respectivamente. Por otro lado, en las pruebas in situ se observó diferencia significativa (p<0.05) entre el tratamiento de EMc y EMe respecto a los grupos controles. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos son prometedores para fortalecer la posibilidad de vinculación de los extractos de estas plantas dentro de planes integrados de control de garrapatas en sistemas de producción de bovinos.
ABSTRACT Objective. The acaricidal activity of Momordica charantia (Mc), Megaskepasma erythrochlamys (Me) and Gliricidia sepium (Gs) on Rhipicephalus microplus (Rm) was evaluated. Materials and methods. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaves of the methanolic extract of Mc (EMc), the ethanolic extract of Me (EMe) and the acetone extract of Gs (EGs) were carried out through the technique of colorimetry and thin layer chromatography (CCD). The acaricidal activity was performed through in-vitro tests using the larval immersion test (LIT) and the adult immersion test (AIT). For in-situ tests, grazing cattle naturally infested with ticks were used, using the LC50 obtained from the in-vitro AIT tests; later the teleogines were taken to incubation to evaluate their reproductive capacity. Results. The presence of several groups of secondary metabolites of acaricidal interest was determined. The acaricidal effect of the extracts of the plants on teleogines was demonstrated; although only EGs showed larvicidal activity. Extracts at 160 mg/mL affected the life cycle of Rm by inhibiting ovoposition in 46.9%, 66.1% and 84.03% (p<0.05) for EGs, EMc and EMe, respectively. On the other hand, the in-situ tests showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the treatment of EMc and EMe with respect to the control groups. Conclusions. The results obtained are promising to strengthen the possibility of linking the extracts of these plants into integrated plans for the control of ticks in cattle systems.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases , Ethnopharmacology , Momordica charantia , Acari摘要
Gypsies have been in Brazil since the 16th century and today they are more than 800,000 in the country. This article describes the veterinary use of plants by Calon gypsies living in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The research was carried out with 23 people (> 40 years old), using semi-structured forms and the snowball technique. The cited species were collected during guided tours, identified and deposited at the IPA and UFP herbaria. Ten plants were indicated for veterinary use: Agave sisalana (Asparagaceae), Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae), Apodanthera congestiflora (Cucurbitaceae), Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae), Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Passiflora cincinnata (Passifloraceae), Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae), and Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae). The participants cited various methods of preparation and therapeutic indications for ectoparasitic infections, digestive disorders, and eye and respiratory infections in farm animals. Apodanthera congestiflora and H. indicum stood out for prophylaxis and treatment of Newcastle disease in fowl.
Los gitanos están en Brasil desde el siglo XVI y hoy, son más de 800.000 en el país. Este artículo describe el uso veterinario de plantas por gitanos Calon que viven en Pernambuco, Noreste de Brasil. La encuesta fue realizada con 23 personas (> 40 años), utilizando formularios semi-estructurados y la técnica bola de nieve. Las especies citadas fueron recolectadas en giras guiadas, identificadas y depositadas en los herbarios IPA y UFP. Diez plantas fueron citadas para uso veterinario: Agave sisalana (Asparagaceae), Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae), Apodanthera congestiflora (Cucurbitaceae), Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae), Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Passiflora cincinnata (Passifloraceae), Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae) y Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae). Los participantes citaron varios modos de preparación e indicaciones terapéuticas para infecciones ectoparasitarias, disturbios digestivos, infecciones oculares y respiratorias en animales domésticos. Apodanthera congestiflora y H. indicum se destacaron en la profilaxis y tratamiento de la enfermedad de Newcastle en aves.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Veterinary Medicine , Rome , Medicine, Traditional , Brazil , Ethnopharmacology摘要
The study of the relationship between man and nature can reveal the potential of plant resources. In the present study we used non-probabilistic sampling and snowball technique in communities of the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve-Pará, namely, Caju-Úna Community, Céu Settlement, and Pesqueiro Village, in order to analyze the medicinal plants used by these peoples, focusing on the diversity, consensual use and cultural importance of species, and providing ethnopharmacological information available in the scientific literature. To this end, participant observation, semi-structured interviews and free lists were used, as well as ethnobotanical indices and scientific studies retrieved from databases. We identified 90 species, among which Ruta graveolens, Maytenus obtusifolia and Libidibia ferrea stood out. The species were distributed in 50 families, mainly Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae. The most frequent diseases treated with these plants, mainly with preparations in the form of teas, were flu, inflammations and stomach problems. The Caju-Úna Community had the highest indices of total species diversity and evenness. Nine species stood out in the consensus factor and importance value and pharmacological studies corroborated 35% of the popular indications.
El estudio de la relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza puede revelar el potencial de los recursos vegetales. En el presente estudio utilizamos técnicas de muestreo no probabilístico y de bola de nieve en las comunidades de la Reserva Extractiva Marina de SourePará, que incluyeron a la Comunidad Caju-Úna, el Establecimiento de Céu y el Pueblo de Pesqueiro, ello con el propósito de analizar las plantas medicinales utilizadas por estos pueblos. El estudio se centró en la diversidad, el uso consensual y la importancia cultural de las especies, sobre la base de información etnofarmacológica disponible en la literatura científica. Con este fin, se utilizaron observaciones de los participantes, entrevistas semiestructuradas y información de acceso libre, así como índices etnobotánicos y estudios científicos obtenidos de bases de datos. Se identificaron 90 especies, entre las que destacan Ruta graveolens, Maytenus obtusifolia y Libidibia ferrea. Las especies se distribuyeron en 50 familias, principalmente Lamiaceae, Asteraceae y Fabaceae. Las enfermedades más frecuentes tratadas con estas plantas, principalmente mediante infusiones fueron gripe, inflamaciones y problemas estomacales. La comunidad de Caju-Úna tuvo los índices más altos de diversidad y uniformidad total de especies. Se destacaron 9 en el factor consenso y valor de importancia, y los estudios farmacológicos corroboraron el 35% de las indicaciones populares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Ethnobotany , Ethnopharmacology , Brazil , Natural Reservations摘要
Abstract The species Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Pers. are native from Brazil and Madagascar, respectively. Both belonging to the Crassulaceae family and being widely used by population as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. These species have similar leaf morphology and for this reason, they are known by the same popular name as " saião " or " coirama ". Several studies have been published involving different parts and preparations of these species. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update overview about the traditional uses, chemical constitution, pharmacology and toxicology of K. laciniata and B. pinnatum species. An extensive literature review was conducted in different scientific databases. Various chemical constituents have been identified in extracts from different parts of K. laciniata and B. pinnatum , being flavonoids the major compounds. They have been traditionally used to treat inflammation, microbial infection, pain, respiratory diseases, gastritis, ulcers, diabetes and cancer tumors. Non-clinical in vitro assays evaluated mainly the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, while in vivo assays evaluated the leishmanicide, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Regarding toxicity, few studies have been conducted for the two species. The information reported in this work might contribute to the recognition of the importance of K. laciniata and B. pinnatum species, as well as to direct further studies. (AU)
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Ethnopharmacology , Crassulaceae , Kalanchoe , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Anti-Inflammatory Agents摘要
A fitoterapia é utilizada há séculos e, até hoje, tem grande importância em muitas comunidades. Embora essa prática seja uma alternativa amplamente utilizada para o cuidado em saúde, com benefícios conhecidos de inúmeras espécies vegetais, a utilização inapropriada de plantas medicinais pode gerar graves problemas para a saúde de indivíduos. Por isso, são necessários estudos para analisar a utilização de plantas medicinais pela sociedade. Este trabalho procura realizar o estudo etnofarmacológico das plantas medicinais utilizadas em uma instituição de saúde holística na cidade de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Foram coletadas todas as plantas cultivadas na instituição que, no momento da coleta, apresentavam partes férteis, para a identificação da espécie botânica. Para coleta de dados sobre as plantas utilizadas pelos pacientes dessa instituição, foi realizada uma análise randomizada em 140 prontuários. Dentre as plantas indicadas, foram consideradas neste estudo apenas as que foram coletadas e identificadas taxonomicamente. As dez plantas mais indicadas foram comparadas com dados na literatura. As indicações para uso dessas plantas corroboram com estudos prévios que, contudo, avaliam apenas a utilização de uma planta durante as preparações para uso, desconsiderando possíveis interações que acontecem quando várias plantas são utilizadas em associação, prática comum na instituição pesquisada. A partir da pesquisa, considera-se que o saber popular é de grande importância para direcionar a descoberta de plantas com propriedades farmacológicas, tendo em vista que muitas indicações referidas através de conhecimento popular são comprovadas por estudos científicos.
Phytotherapy has been used for centuries and to this day has great importance in many communities. Although this practice is a widely used alternative to health care, with known benefits of numerous plant species, the inappropriate use of medicinal plants can generate serious problems for the health. Therefore, studies are needed to analyze the use of medicinal plants by society. This article seeks to conduct an ethno-pharmacological study of medicinal plants used in a reference holistic health institution of the city of Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. All plants grown at the institution were collected with fertile parts to identify the species. To collect data on the plants used by the patients of this institution, a randomized analysis was performed on 140 charts. Among the indicated plants, only those collected and taxonomically identified were considered in this study. The ten most indicated plants were compared with data in the literature. The indications for use of these plants corroborate with previous studies. However, the studies only evaluate a plant during preparations for its use alone, disregarding possible interactions that occur when several plants are used in association, a common practice in this institution. Popular knowledge important to direct the discovery of plants with pharmacological properties, considering that many indications referred by popular knowledge are proven by scientific studies.
La fitoterapia se utiliza desde hace siglos y tiene gran importancia en muchas comunidades. Aunque esta práctica es una alternativa ampliamente utilizada para el cuidado de la salud, con beneficios conocidos de numerosas especies, el uso inapropiado de plantas medicinales puede generar graves problemas, por lo que son necesarios estudios para analizar su uso por la sociedad. Este es un estudio etnofarmacológico sobre plantas medicinales utilizadas en una institución de salud holística, referencia en la ciudad de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se recolectó todas las plantas cultivadas en la institución, que en el momento de la recolección presentaban partes fértiles, para identificar la especie botánica. Para la recolección de datos sobre las plantas utilizadas por los pacientes de esa institución, se realizó un análisis aleatorizado en 140 prontuarios. Entre las plantas indicadas, fueron consideradas en este estudio solo las que fueron recolectadas e identificadas taxonómicamente. Las diez plantas más indicadas se compararon con datos en la literatura. Las indicaciones para el uso de estas plantas corroboran estudios previos, que solo evaluaron la utilización de una planta durante las preparaciones desconsiderando posibles interacciones cuando varias plantas se utilizan en asociación, práctica común en la institución. Los resultados apuntan que el saber popular es de gran importancia para dirigir el descubrimiento de plantas con propiedades farmacológicas, teniendo en vista que muchas indicaciones referidas mediante conocimiento popular son comprobadas por estudios científicos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Ethnopharmacology , Holistic Health , Phytotherapy摘要
Through summarizing the applications and funding for research related to ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology in the department of Health Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China( NSFC) from 1986 to 2018,and analyzing the categories,numbers,funds and research contents of all funded projects including Mongolian,Uygur,Tibetan,Zhuang,Miao,the study is aimed to provide certain reference for the declaration of ethnic medicine project. The results showed that the national medicine project application numbers and the amount of funding growth after 2011 have increased significantly,but the overall level of research remained to be further promoted,and the lack of suitable for the study of ethnic medicine features and ways,has yet to mainland medical universities and research institutions to give more attention and jointly promote the development of basic research in the field of ethnic medicine.
Subject(s)
China , Ethnopharmacology , Financial Management , Foundations , Medicine, Traditional摘要
Ethnomedicine is the precious wealth left by ethnic minorities in their struggle against diseases. It is similar to traditional Chinese medicine in a narrow sense and has the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target and multi-channel synergy. Under the guidance of the theory of ethnomedicine,the combination of ethnomedicine and network pharmacology will help to understand the essence of the prevention and treatment of ethnomedicines in a dynamic and holistic manner. This paper reviews the research progress of network pharmacology applied in ethnomedicine,analyses the problems and challenges existing in the application of network pharmacology in ethnomedicine research at present,such as inaccurate data and information,lack of network analysis platform for effective analysis of dose-effect relationship of chemical constituents and weak basic research of ethnomedicine,and puts forward corresponding prospects.
Subject(s)
Ethnopharmacology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Medicine, Traditional摘要
This paper investigates and counts the ethnic medicines of the Ewenki,Daur and Oroqen ethnic groups,which are known as the " Three Minorities" in Inner Mongolia. Through the methods of literature collection,interview investigation,and resource investigation,different ethnic medicines were collected on the main diseases,drug varieties,drug-injection sites,and drug administration methods. Through data statistics and SPSS analysis,the similarities and individual differences between the three ethnic groups were clarified. The results indicated the predicament of the current national medicine,which is helpful for the protection and inheritance of ethnic medicine.