Prevalência e fatores associados às práticas alimentares entre trabalhadores de enfermagem de hospitais universitários / Prevalence and factors associated with dietary practices among nursing workers at university hospitals / Prevalencia y factores asociados a prácticas alimentarias entre trabajadores de enfermería de hospitales universitarios

Objetivo:identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados àspráticas alimentares adequadas entre trabalhadores de enfermagem dos hospitais universitários federais de Pelotas e Rio Grande, no Rio Grande do Sul. Método:estudo transversal, realizadoentre 2021-2022. O instrumento de pesquisa consistiu num questionário autoaplicado, de forma on-line, com características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, laborais e de saúde. As práticas alimentares foram obtidas através da escala: Como está a sua alimentação?A análise dos dados compreendeu distribuição de frequência, análise bivariada e Regressão de Poisson. Resultados:participaram 598 pessoas, práticasalimentares adequadas em 52,3%dos trabalhadores. A adequação às práticas alimentares esteve diretamente associada aos praticantes de atividade física ativos ou muito ativos e qualidade de vida muito boa. Conclusão: os resultados podem ser utilizados pelos gestores hospitalares para incentivar a alimentação saudável dos trabalhadores da enfermagem.

Objective: to identify the prevalence and factors associated with adequate dietary practices among nursing workers at federal university hospitals in Pelotas and Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. The research instrument consisted of a self-administered online questionnaire with sociodemographic, behavioral, occupational, and health characteristics. Dietary practices were assessed using the question: "How is your diet?" Data analysis included frequency distribution, bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression.Results: 598 individuals participated, with 52.3% exhibiting adequate dietary practices. Adequacy of dietary practices was directly associated with practitioners of active or very active physical activity and those reporting a very good quality of life. Conclusion: the results can be utilized by hospital managers to promote healthy eating habits among nursing workers.

Objetivo:Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a prácticas alimentarias adecuadas entre trabajadores de enfermería de hospitales universitarios federales de Pelotas y Rio Grande, en Rio Grande do Sul. Método:estudio transversal realizado entre 2021 y 2022. El instrumento de investigación consistió en un cuestionario autoadministrado en línea con características sociodemográficas, conductuales, laborales y de salud. Las prácticas alimentarias se obtuvieron a través de la escala: "¿Cómo es tu alimentación?" El análisis de datos incluyó distribución de frecuencias, análisis bivariado y regresión de Poisson. Resultados:participaron 598 personas, con un 52,3% de trabajadores con prácticas alimentarias adecuadas. La adecuación de las prácticas alimentarias se asoció directamente con practicantes activos o muy activos de actividad física y una muy buena calidad de vida. Conclusión:los resultados pueden ser utilizados por los gestores de hospitales para fomentar la alimentación saludable entre los trabajadores de enfermería.

Variação da massa corporal ao longo da fase adulta e sua associação com a incidência de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis / Variation in body mass in adulthood and its association with the incidence of Noncommunicable Diseases

INTRODUÇÃO: A variação da massa corporal (MC) ao longo da fase adulta emerge como um fator intimamente vinculado à incidência de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e à mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Analisar a variação da MC ao longo da primeira etapa da vida adulta e sua associação com a incidência de DCNT relevantes para a carga mórbida global e com a composição corporal. MÉTODOS: A metodologia adotada para esta pesquisa abrangeu diversas etapas e fontes de dados. Inicialmente, a revisão sistemática (RS) da literatura foi conduzida, utilizando cinco diferentes bases de dados, a fim de identificar os principais estudos relacionados à população americana que avaliaram mudanças na MC ao longo da vida adulta no período de 2003 a 2023. Posteriormente, para a coleta de dados cruciais, foi empregada a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Este inquérito domiciliar de corte transversal, realizado a cada dois anos, abrangeu uma amostra de adultos americanos com idade entre 29 a 59 anos, de ambos os sexos. As informações coletadas incluíram dados sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, raça/etnia, escolaridade, índice de pobreza, estado civil), medidas antropométricas (peso e altura), composição corporal (massa magra e massa gorda), informações sobre saúde (morbidades autorreferidas) e padrões de estilo de vida (AF, tabagismo e etilismo). A análise estatística abrangeu diferentes períodos e enfoques. Entre 1999 e 2018, dados de 15.721 adultos foram analisados, empregando modelos de regressão de risco proporcional de Cox e Poisson, ajustados por covariáveis sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida. A relação entre a carga de DCNT e o IMC aos 25 anos foi representada pela curva de Kaplan-Meier (KM), e também aplicado cálculo da PAF. Ainda no mesmo período de 1999 a 2018, para avaliar as trajetórias de IMC a partir dos 25 anos até o momento de entrada no estudo, o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox também foi empregado, para as análises descritivas, foi aplicado o teste χ² de Rao Scott. No período de 1999 a 2006, a análise se concentrou na relação entre IMC, composição corporal (razão Fat Mass Index (FMI)/Lean Body Mass Index (LBMI) ajustados pela altura) e padrão de AF, com dados de 5.115 adultos. Foram aplicados modelos de regressão linear multivariada, ajustados por variáveis sociodemográficas, estado nutricional e estilo de vida, estratificados por sexo. Gráficos de dispersão foram elaborados para visualizar as estimativas das regressões. Todas as análises foram ajustadas considerando os pesos da amostra recomendados pela pesquisa, e os resultados foram apresentados em quatro manuscritos distintos. RESULTADOS: No primeiro manuscrito, a RS incluiu 54 artigos elegíveis entre os 6.436 inicialmente identificados. A população estudada variou de 158 a 528.500 participantes. A principal DCNT avaliada foi o Câncer, seguido de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Um total de 41 estudos (76%) encontraram associações estatisticamente significantes entre o aumento da MC e o risco de DCNT, mesmo após ajustes por covariáveis. No segundo manuscrito, com dados de 15.721 adultos, disparidades sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida influenciaram o estado nutricional. A sobrevida cumulativa foi significativamente menor nos grupos com sobrepeso (HR: 1.7, IC95%: 1.57-1.87) e obesidade (HR: 2.87, IC95%: 2.56-3.21) aos 25 anos de idade. O sobrepeso e a obesidade aumentaram o risco de DCNT precoce, contribuindo para uma redução de 22.7% na carga de DCNT se o excesso de peso aos 25 anos fosse prevenido. O terceiro manuscrito analisou trajetórias de IMC em 15.721 participantes, revelando diferenças significativas em características demográficas, de estilo de vida e de saúde. A incidência cumulativa de DCNT foi maior em trajetórias com aumento moderado (HR: 1.7; IC95%: 1.4-1.9) e elevado (HR: 3.6; IC95%: 3.2-4.1) de IMC. As trajetórias de IMC foram independentemente associadas a um risco maior de DCNT, mesmo após ajuste de covariáveis. No quarto manuscrito, dos 5.115 adultos avaliados, foi encontrada uma relação expressiva entre composição corporal e padrões de AF ao longo dos últimos dez anos. Associações significativas entre status socioeconômico, raça/etnia, estado nutricional aos 25 anos e composição corporal foram identificadas. Resultados visuais por meio de scatter plots forneceram relações consistentes entre o IMC e a razão FMI/ht-LBMI, destacando variações por sexo e padrão de AF. CONCLUSÕES: A presente pesquisa destaca a influência significativa das mudanças na MC ao longo do tempo, especialmente durante a vida adulta, na ocorrência precoce de DCNT. A transição e a persistência da obesidade na idade adulta emergem como fatores críticos que aumentam substancialmente o risco de desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Além disso, a prática a longo prazo da AF, atua como modificador da composição corporal em nível populacional.

INTRODUCTION: Variation in body mass (BM) during adulthood has emerged as a factor closely associated with the incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mortality. AIM: To analyze the variation in BM during the first phase of adulthood and its association with the incidence of NCDs relevant to the global burden of disease and with body composition. METHODS: The methodology of this study involved several stages and data sources. First, a systematic review (SR) of the literature was conducted using five different databases to identify the most relevant studies related to the American population that evaluated changes in BM throughout adulthood from 2003 to 2023. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was then used to collect key data. This cross-sectional household survey, conducted every two years, included a sample of American adults aged 29 to 59 years of both sexes. Information collected included sociodemographic data (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, poverty index, marital status), anthropometric measures (weight and height), body composition (lean mass and fat mass), health information (self-reported morbidities), and lifestyle patterns (PA, smoking, and alcohol use). The statistical analysis covered different time periods and approaches. Between 1999 and 2018, data from 15,721 adults were analyzed using Cox and Poisson proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. The relationship between NCD burden and BMI at age 25 years was presented using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve, and PAF calculation was also used. In the same period from 1999 to 2018, the Cox proportional hazards model was also used to assess the trajectory of BMI from age 25 to study entry, and the Rao-Scott χ² test was used for descriptive analyses. From 1999 to 2006, the analysis focused on the relationship between BMI, body composition (fat mass index (FMI)/lean body mass index (LBMI) ratio adjusted for height), and PA patterns, with data from 5,115 adults. Multivariate linear regression models were used, adjusted for sociodemographic variables, nutritional status, and lifestyle, stratified by sex. Scatter plots were generated to visualize the regression estimates. All analyses were adjusted for sample weights recommended by the research, and the results were presented in four separate manuscripts. RESULTS: In the first manuscript, the SR included 54 eligible articles from the 6,436 initially identified. Study populations ranged from 158 to 528,500 participants. The most common NCD evaluated was cancer, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 41 studies (76%) found statistically significant associations between changes in BM and NCDs, even after adjusting for covariates. In the second manuscript, with data from 15,721 adults, sociodemographic and lifestyle differences influenced nutritional status. Cumulative survival at 25 years was significantly lower in the overweight (HR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.57-1.87) and obese (HR: 2.87, 95%CI: 2.56-3.21) groups. Overweight and obesity increased the risk of early NCDs and contributed to a 22.7% reduction in the NCD burden if overweight was prevented at age 25. The third manuscript analyzed BMI trajectories in 15,721 participants, revealing significant differences in demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. The cumulative incidence of NCDs was higher in trajectories with moderate (HR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.4-1.9) and high (HR: 3.6; 95%CI: 3.2-4.1) increases in BMI. BMI trajectories were independently associated with a higher risk of NCDs, even after adjustment for covariates. In the fourth manuscript, among the 5,115 adults assessed, a significant association was found between body composition and PA patterns over the past decade. Significant associations were found between socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and nutritional status at age 25 years and body composition. The visual results, in the form of scatterplots, demonstrated a consistent relationship between BMI and the FMI/ht-LBMI ratio. This relationship was found to vary by gender and PA pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This research highlights the significant influence of changes in BMI over time, particularly during adulthood, on the early onset of NCDs. The transition and persistence of obesity into adulthood emerge as critical factors that significantly increase the risk of developing these diseases. In addition, long-term PA practice acts as a modifier of body composition at the population level.

Momentos alimentarios y consumo de productos ultraprocesados durante el día, Antioquia, Colombia / Food moments and comsumption of ultraprocessed products during the day, Antioquia, Colombia

Introducción. La acelerada transición nutricional en Latinoamérica ha modificado los patrones alimentarios, favoreciendo dietas con mayor participación de productos industrializados y alto aporte de nutrientes relacionados con enfermedades crónicas como grasas (saturadas, trans), sodio, azúcar libre y densidad de energía. Objetivo. Describir los momentos alimentarios de consumo de productos comestibles ultraprocesados (PCUP) durante el día en Antioquia, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal, usando datos de consumo de alimentos del Perfil Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia 2019 y del Perfil de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de Medellín 2015, en población general, muestra de 13494 individuos. Los alimentos se clasificaron según NOVA y se agruparon en subcategorías. Se calculó la media de energía consumida y su desviación estándar (confianza del 95%) para las categorías NOVA y subcategorías, además su distribución en los momentos alimentarios. Resultados. Para la población de Medellín (capital de Antioquia), en promedio el 54,7% de la energía venia de alimentos no procesados, 17,3% de ingredientes culinarios, y 20,4% de PCUP. En la población de Antioquia, 56,0% de la energía se obtuvo de alimentos no procesados, 18,8% de ingredientes culinarios y 17,0% de PCUP. En los momentos alimentarios principales (desayuno, almuerzo y cena) los alimentos no procesados tienen mayor aporte energético. Mientras que los momentos alimentarios con mayor porcentaje de energía proveniente de PCUP fueron la media mañana, el algo y la merienda. Conclusiones. Para los antioqueños el mayor riesgo de consumo de PCUP relacionados con la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas se presenta entremedio de las comidas principales(AU)

Introduction. The accelerated nutritional transition in Latin America has modified dietary patterns, favoring diets with a greater participation of industrialized products and a high contribution of nutrients related to chronic diseases such as fats (saturated, trans), sodium, free sugar, and energy density. Objective. To describe the dietary moments of consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) during the day in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study using food consumption data from the Food and Nutrition Profile of Antioquia 2019 and the Food and Nutrition Security Profile of Medellín 2015, in general population, sample of 13,494 individuals. Foods were classified according to NOVA and grouped into subcategories. The mean energy consumed and its standard deviation (95% confidence), were calculated for the NOVA categories and subcategories, as well as its distribution at feeding times. Results. for the population of Medellín (capital of Antioquia), on average 54.7% of the energy came from unprocessed foods, 17.3% from culinary ingredients, and 20.4% from UPF. In the population of Antioquia, 56.0% of the energy was obtained from unprocessed foods, 18.8% from culinary ingredients, and 17.0% from UPF. At the main eating moments (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) unprocessed foods have a greater energy contribution. While the food moments with the highest percentage of energy coming from UPF were mid-morning snacks and snacks. Conclusions. For Antioqueños the greatest risk of consuming UPFs related to obesity and chronic diseases occurs between main meals(AU)

Ingesta de alimentos ultraprocesados y circunferencia de cintura según área de residencia en adultos peruanos / Ultra-processed food consumption and waist circumference by residence setting in Peruvian adults

Introducción. La circunferencia de cintura (CC) es indicador de obesidad abdominal y riesgo cardiovascular en adultos. En Perú, la obesidad ha aumentado a diferente magnitud por área de residencia y poco se sabe de la influencia del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (AUP) sobre este fenómeno en población adulta. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre ingesta de AUP y circunferencia de cintura en adultos peruanos por área de residencia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal de datos secundarios de 745 adultos con información de ingesta dietaria (un recordatorio de 24 horas) de la Encuesta Nacional Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional por Etapas de Vida 2017-2018. Los AUP fueron caracterizados según la clasificación NOVA. La ingesta AUP como el porcentaje relativo de la ingesta energética total (%), dividida en terciles. La CC medida como punto medio entre última costilla y cresta iliaca. Se usó regresión lineal múltiple ponderada y análisis estratificado según área de residencia. Resultados. La edad promedio fue 37,2 años. La ingesta de AUP promedio fue 14,7% (IC95%: 14,2 ­ 15,3). Comparado con adultos en el menor tercil de ingesta de AUP, aquellos en tercil medio tuvieron mayor CC ( 0,73; IC95%: 0,22 ­ 1,24; valor p= 0,007). Al estratificar por área de residencia, adultos rurales del tercil medio tuvieron mayor CC en comparación con primer tercil ( : 1,85; IC95%: 1,17 ­ 2,53, valor p < 0,001). Conclusiones. En adultos peruanos, la ingesta de AUP se asoció a CC en áreas rurales, aunque no de forma lineal. Más estudios son necesarios para entender la naturaleza de esta asociación(AU)

Introduction. Waist circumference (WC) is an abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk indicator among adults. In Peru, obesity prevalence has been increasing unequally between residence areas, and the influence of ultra- processed food (UPF) consumption on WC in Peruvian adults remains unclear. Objective. Evaluate the association between UPF consumption and waist circumference by residence setting among Peruvian adults. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional secondary analysis of dietary intake data (single 24-hour recall) from 745 adults aged 18 and 59 years old from the "Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional por Etapas de Vida 2017-2018" National Surveys was performed. The NOVA system was used to characterize the UPFs, and the exposure was the percentage of total energy consumed from UPF per day (%), in quantiles. WC (cm) was assessed at the middle point between the last rib and the iliac crest. Weighted linear regression analysis stratified by residence areas were conducted. Results. The mean age was 37.2 years. The mean percent of total energy consumed from UPF was 14.7% (95%CI: 14.2 ­ 15.3). Those in the middle tertile of UPF consumption, had higher WC ( 0.73; 95%CI: 0.22 ­ 1.24; p-value = 0.007) compared with those in the lower tertile. In the stratified analysis, those in the second tertile in rural areas have more WC compared with the first tertile ( 1.85; 95%CI: 1.17 ­ 2.53, p-value< 0.001). Conclusions. In rural areas, UPF consumption was associated with waist circumference, but it does not follow a linear association. Further studies are needed to understand the rationale behind these results(AU)

Relationship between cadmium exposure and pulmonary function level and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the levels and distribution characteristics of blood cadmium and urinary cadmium in American adults, to analyze the relationship between blood cadmium and urinary cadmium and pulmonary function dose response, and to explore the effect of this index on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: In March 2022, 3785 patients from 2007 to 2012 in NHANES database were selected as the subjects. Collect demography data such as gender and age, and test data such as lung function, blood cadmium concentration and Urine cadimium concentration. The relationship between blood and urine cadmium levels and lung function and pulmonary function and chronic obstructive pulmonary diease (COPD) was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test, multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline method. Results: The geometric mean of blood cadmium and urine cadmium in American adults was 0.37 g/L and 0.28 g/L, FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC among different cadmium exposure groups was statistically significant, and there was a negative linear dose-response relationship between serum Cd and urine Cd concentrations and FEV(1)/FVC levels (P(overall)<0.001, P(non-linear)=0.152; P(overall)<0.001, P(non-linear)=0.926). Compared with the lowest quartile concentration (Q1), the highest quartile blood cadmium concentration (Q4) (OR=1.934, P(trend)=0.000) and urinary cadmium concentration (OR=1.683, P(trend)=0.000) may increased the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between blood cadmium, urinary cadmium levels and lung function in American adults, and cadmium may increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate in relation to chronic kidney disease in the general US population, NHANES 2005-2016 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Few studies have explored the impact of perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate (PNT) on kidney function. This study aimed to evaluate the association of urinary levels of PNT with renal function as well as the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the general population in the United States.@*METHODS@#This analysis included data from 13,373 adults (≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2016. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression, to explore the associations of urinary PNT with kidney function. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the potentially non-linear relationships between PNT exposure and outcomes.@*RESULTS@#After traditional creatinine adjustment, perchlorate (P-traditional) was positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (adjusted β: 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25 to 3.26; P  < 0.001), and negatively associated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (adjusted β: -0.05; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.02; P  = 0.001) in adjusted models. After both traditional and covariate-adjusted creatinine adjustment, urinary nitrate and thiocyanate were positively associated with eGFR (all P values <0.05), and negatively associated with ACR (all P values <0.05); higher nitrate or thiocyanate was associated with a lower risk of CKD (all P values <0.001). Moreover, there were L-shaped non-linear associations between nitrate, thiocyanate, and outcomes. In the adjusted models, for quartiles of PNT, statistically significant dose-response associations were observed in most relationships. Most results were consistent in the stratified and sensitivity analyses.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Exposures to PNT might be associated with kidney function, indicating a potential beneficial effect of environmental PNT exposure (especially nitrate and thiocyanate) on the human kidney.

An Artificial Neural Network Model Combined with Dietary Retinol Intake from Different Sources to Predict the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model combined with dietary retinol intake from different sources to predict the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in American adults.@*METHODS@#Data from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 were analyzed. Eligible subjects ( n = 6,613) were randomly divided into a training set ( n 1 = 4,609) and a validation set ( n 2 = 2,004) at a ratio of 7:3. The training set was used to identify predictors of NAFLD risk using logistic regression analysis. An ANN was established to predict the NAFLD risk using a training set. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the model using the training and validation sets.@*RESULTS@#Our study found that the odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) of NAFLD for the highest quartile of plant-derived dietary retinol intake (i.e., provitamin A carotenoids, such as β-carotene) ( OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.99) were inversely associated with NAFLD risk, compared to the lowest quartile of intake, after adjusting for potential confounders. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.874 and 0.883 for the training and validation sets, respectively. NAFLD occurs when its incidence probability is greater than 0.388.@*CONCLUSION@#The ANN model combined with plant-derived dietary retinol intake showed a significant effect on NAFLD. This could be applied to predict NAFLD risk in the American adult population when government departments formulate future health plans.

Association Between Dietary Knowledge and Food Preferences in Residents Aged 18 and Over in China Based on Latent Class Analysis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the food preferences and explore the potential association between dietary knowledge and food preferences in residents aged 18 and over in China,so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy diets.Methods The latent class analysis was carried out with the 2015 cross-sectional data of China health and nutrition survey to categorize the food preferences among 8 783 residents aged 18 and over.Multinomial Logistic regression was adopted to assess the association between and dietary knowledge and food preferences.Results The food preferences of the residents aged 18 and over in China were classified into preference for less vegetable(3.28%),lack of preference(11.20%),diverse preferences(4.19%),and preference for healthy diets(81.33%).The proportion of the adults with dietary knowledge was 36.87%(3 238/8 783).The dietary knowledge varied in the adults with different food preferences(all P<0.001).After adjusting for gender,age,urban and rural distribution,education background,and annual household income,for each point increase in the dietary knowledge score,there was an estimated reduction of 22% in the probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.76-0.80, P<0.001),13% in the probability of lacking preference(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.86-0.89, P<0.001),and 3% in the probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.97,95%CI=0.94-1.00, P=0.030).Compared with those lacking dietary knowledge,the individuals with dietary knowledge had a 77% less probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.16-0.32, P<0.001),a 55% less probability of lacking preference(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.39-0.53, P<0.001),and a 23% less probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.77,95%CI=0.61-0.96, P=0.023).Conclusions The residents aged 18 and over in China presented four food preferences,including preference for less vegetables,lack of preference,diverse preferences,and preference for healthy diets,the last of which had the highest proportion.The individuals with lower levels of dietary knowledge have higher probability of preferring unhealthy food.

The association between heavy metal exposure and erectile dysfunction in the United States / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Literature regarding the impacts of heavy metal exposure on erectile dysfunction (ED) is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between 10 urinary metals and ED in a large, nationally representative adult male sample. The dataset was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the period of 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Weighted proportions and multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables were utilized to determine the relationship between metal exposure and ED. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was utilized to evaluate the impact of a mixture of urinary metals on ED. A total of 1328 participants were included in our study. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, cobalt (Co) and antimony (Sb) were positively associated with ED (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-1.73, P = 0.020; and OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12-1.77, P = 0.018, respectively) after full adjustment. Men in tertile 4 for Co (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.41, P for trend = 0.012) and Sb (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.08-2.40, P for trend = 0.041) had significantly higher odds of ED than those in tertile 1. Furthermore, the WQS index was significantly linked with increased odds of ED after full adjustment (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-1.72, P < 0.05). Our study expanded on previous literature indicating the possible role of heavy metal exposure in the etiology of ED. The evaluation of heavy metal exposure should be included in the risk assessment of ED.

Nutritional status and temporal trend of coverage of Brazilian adolescents monitored in the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System, 2008 to 2019 / Estado nutricional e tendência temporal da cobertura de adolescentes brasileiros acompanhados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, 2008 a 2019

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the nutritional status and temporal trend of the coverage of Brazilian adolescents monitored in the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System in the period 2008-2019. Methods: ecological study of temporal series with SISVAN data collected from 2008 to 2019 with 45,869.266 registration. Body mass index data were collected and the registration coverage of adolescents monitored by the system was calculated. The percentage of annual variation in coverage and nutritional status was estimated using Prais-Winsten regression, with a significance level of 5%. Results: an increase in the prevalence of obesity was observed between 2008 and 2019, during this period thinness remained stable in Brazil. National coverage evolved from 9.3% in 2008 to 19.6% in 2019, with an annual variation of 9% and a statistically significant increase trend. In Brazil, obesity in this age group increased between 2008 and 2019, with an annual variation of 8.7% (CI95% = 7.8-9.6). Conclusion: modifications were observed in nutritional status suggest the occurrence of nutritional transition in the adolescents' population. The percentage of coverage available in the system has growth potential, however, the current scenario impacts on a possible insufficient analysis to support the elaboration and reorientation of public policies.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar o estado nutricional e a tendência temporal da cobertura de adolescentes brasileiros acompanhados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no período de 2008-2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais com dados do SISVAN coletados no período de 2008 a 2019 com 45.869.266 de registos. Foram coletados dados de índice de massa corporal e calculadas as coberturas dos registros dos adolescentes acompanhados pelo sistema. Estimou-se a percentagem da variação anual da cobertura e estado nutricional pela regressão de Prais-Winsten, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: observa-se crescimento da prevalência de obesidade entre 2008 a 2019, nesse período a magreza manteve-se estável no Brasil. A cobertura nacional evoluiu de 9,3% em 2008 para 19,6% em 2019, com variação anual de 9% e tendência de aumento estatisticamente significativa. No Brasil, a obesidade nessa faixa etária apresentou um aumento entre os anos de 2008 e 2019, com uma variação anual de 8,7% (IC95%= 7,8-9,6). Conclusão: modificações observadas no estado nutricional sugerem a ocorrência da transição nutricional na população de adolescentes. O percentual de cobertura disponível no sistema tem potencial de crescimento, entretanto, o atual cenário impacta em possível análise insuficiente para subsidiar a elaboração e reorientação de políticas públicas.

Prevalence and associated factors on overweight/obesity in pregnant women assisted by the Family Health Strategy / Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso/ obesidade em gestantes assistidas na Estratégia Saúde da Família

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the associated factors in pregnant women assisted by family health teams. Methods: epidemiological observational study of populational, cross-sectional, and analytical base carried out with pregnant women at the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between October 2018 and November 2019. Socioeconomic and demographic, obstetric characteristics, social and family support, emotional aspects and comorbidities. The presence of overweight/obesity was estimated by the initial Body Mass Index (up to the 13th gestational week) acquired from the pregnant woman's health booklet. Hierarchized Poisson regression with robust variance was carried out. Results: a total of 1,279 pregnant women participated in this study. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity was 45.3% and was associated with the following factors: having a partner (PR=1.52; CI95% =1.24-1.86), higher family income (PR=1.23; CI95% =1.04-1.46), presence of previous pregnancies (PR=1.65; CI95% =1.39-1.95%), higher age group (PR=2.26; CI95% =1.70-3.01), gestational diabetes mellitus (PR=1.43; CI95% =1.21-1.69) and systemic arterial hypertension (PR=1.29; CI95% =1.04-1.61). Conclusion: there was a high prevalence of overweight/obesity in the evaluated pregnant women and its association with sociodemographic and obstetric factors and chronic comorbidities. There is a necessity for monitoring and carrying out nutritional education in prenatal care provided by family health teams, with emphasis on strengthening multidisciplinary care.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e analisar os fatores associados em gestantes assistidas por equipes de saúde da família. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico observacional de base populacional, transversal e analítico, realizado com gestantes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família em Montes Claros, MG, Brasil, entre outubro de 2018 a novembro de 2019. Avaliaram-se características socioeconômicas e demográficas, obstétricas, apoio social e familiar, aspectos emocionais e comorbidades. A presença de sobrepeso/ obesidade foi estimada pelo Índice de Massa Corporal inicial (até 13ª semana gestacional) adquirido da caderneta da gestante. Foi realizada regressão de Poisson hierarquizada com variância robusta. Resultados: participaram deste estudo 1.279 gestantes. A prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 45,3% e esteve associada aos fatores: ter companheiro(a) (RP=1,52; IC95%=1,24-1,86), maior renda familiar (RP=1,23; IC95%=1,04-1,46), presença de gestações anteriores (RP=1,65; IC95%=1,39-1,95%), maior faixa etária (RP=2,26; IC 95%=1,70-3,01), diabetes mellitus gestacional (RP=1,43; IC95%=1,21-1,69) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (RP=1,29; IC95%=1,04-1,61). Conclusão: verificou-se alta prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade nas gestantes avaliadas e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos e comorbidades crônicas. Há necessidade de monitoramento e de realização da educação nutricional no cuidado pré-natal prestado pelas equipes de saúde da família, com ênfase no fortalecimento do cuidado multiprofissional.

Geographical distribution of nutritional status of adolescents in a Brazilian city in the early years of the pandemic / Distribuição espacial do estado nutricional de adolescentes de um município brasileiro nos anos iniciais da pandemia

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to build geographic models related to the nutritional status of adolescents and describe territories regarding the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity, in order to spatially represent how the nutritional status of adolescents is distributed in the city. Methods Using geocoding techniques, graphic models were built using data from the SISVAN platform, as well as the addresses and nutritional status of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the municipality of Divinópolis, in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), between 2020 and 2021. Results There was a prevalence of 34% of obesity and overweight in the 2020 and 2021 samples. The graphical models showed that there is no specific pattern of points for the spread of nutritional diagnoses, but it was possible to identify areas of heat and places with a higher concentration of overweight. Underweight had a homogeneous spread and did not stand out in the formation of profiles. Conclusion Geographic tools with the adolescents' nutritional profile were successfully modeled, which have the potential to contribute to better health indicator management in the assessed territory, even with the limitations of the study.

RESUMO Objetivo Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir modelos geográficos relativos ao perfil nutricional de adolescentes e descrever territórios quanto à prevalência de déficit de peso e excesso de peso, de modo a representar espacialmente como o diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes está distribuído na área estudada. Métodos Através da técnica de geocodificação foram construídos modelos gráficos utilizando a plataforma SISVAN, os endereços e o estado nutricional de adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos do município de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Resultados Houve prevalência de 34% de excesso de peso na amostra de 2020 e 2021. Os modelos gráficos mostraram que não há um padrão específico de pontos de propagação dos diagnósticos nutricionais, porém foi possível identificar áreas de calor e locais de maior concentração de excesso de peso. O déficit de peso teve um espalhamento homogêneo e não se destacou na formação de perfis. Conclusão Foi possível modelar ferramentas geográficas com o perfil nutricional dos adolescentes, as quais têm potencial de contribuir para a melhor gestão de indicadores de saúde no território avaliado, mesmo com as limitações do estudo.

Differences in food consumption of the Brazilian population by race/skin color in 2017-2018 / Diferenças no consumo alimentar da população brasileira por raça/cor da pele em 2017-2018

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate food consumption in Brazil by race/skin color of the population. METHODS Food consumption data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF - Household Budget Survey) 2017-2018 were analyzed. Food and culinary preparations were grouped into 31 items, composing three main groups, defined by industrial processing characteristics: 1 - in natura/minimally processed, 2 - processed, and 3 - ultra-processed. The percentage of calories from each group was estimated by categories of race/skin color - White, Black, Mixed-race, Indigenous, and Yellow- using crude and adjusted linear regression for gender, age, schooling, income, macro-region, and area. RESULTS In the crude analyses, the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods was lower for Yellow [66.0% (95% Confidence Interval 62.4-69.6)] and White [66.6% (95%CI 66.1-67.1)] groups than for Blacks [69.8% (95%CI 68.9-70.8)] and Mixed-race people [70.2% (95%CI 69.7-70.7)]. Yellow individuals consumed fewer processed foods, with 9.2% of energy (95%CI 7.2-11.1) whereas the other groups consumed approximately 13%. Ultra-processed foods were less consumed by Blacks [16.6% (95%CI 15.6-17.6)] and Mixed-race [16.6% (95%CI 16.2-17.1)], with the highest consumption among White [20.1% (95%CI 19.6-20.6)] and Yellow [24.5% (95%CI 20.0-29.1)] groups. The adjustment of the models reduced the magnitude of the differences between the categories of race/skin color. The difference between Black and Mixed-race individuals from the White ones decreased from 3 percentage points (pp) to 1.2 pp in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods and the largest differences remained in the consumption of rice and beans, with a higher percentage in the diet of Black and Mixed-race people. The contribution of processed foods remained approximately 4 pp lower for Yellow individuals. The consumption of ultra-processed products decreased by approximately 2 pp for White and Yellow groups; on the other hand, it increased by 1 pp in the consumption of Black, Mixed-race, and Indigenous peoples. CONCLUSION Differences in food consumption according to race/skin color were found and are influenced by socioeconomic and demographic conditions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o consumo alimentar no Brasil por raça/cor da pele da população. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados de consumo alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017-2018. Alimentos e preparações culinárias foram agrupados em 31 itens, compondo três grupos principais, definidos por características do processamento industrial: 1 - in natura/minimamente processados, 2 - processados e 3 - ultraprocessados. O percentual de calorias de cada grupo foi estimado por categorias de raça/cor da pele - branca, preta, parda, indígena e amarela -, utilizando-se regressão linear bruta e ajustada para sexo, idade, escolaridade, renda, macrorregião e área. RESULTADOS Nas análises brutas, o consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados foi menor para amarelos [66,0% (Intervalo de Confiança 95% 62,4-69,6)] e brancos [66,6% (IC95% 66,1-67,1)] que para pretos [69,8% (IC95% 68,9-70,8)] e pardos [70,2% (IC95% 69,7-70,7)]. Amarelos consumiram menos alimentos processados, com 9,2% das calorias (IC95% 7,2-11,1) enquanto os demais consumiram aproximadamente 13%. Ultraprocessados foram menos consumidos por pretos [16,6% (IC95% 15,6-17,6)] e pardos [16,6% (IC95% 16,2-17,1)], e o maior consumo ocorreu entre brancos [20,1% (IC95% 19,6-20,6)] e amarelos [24,5% (IC95% 20,0-29,1)]. O ajuste dos modelos reduziu a magnitude das diferenças entre as categorias de raça/cor da pele. A diferença entre pretos e pardos em relação aos brancos diminuiu, de 3 pontos percentuais (pp), para 1,2 pp no consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados e as maiores diferenças remanescentes foram no consumo de arroz e feijão, com maior percentual na alimentação de pretos e pardos. A participação de alimentos processados permaneceu aproximadamente 4 pp menor para amarelos. O consumo de ultraprocessados diminuiu aproximadamente 2 pp para brancos e amarelos; por outro lado, aumentou 1 pp no consumo de pretos, pardos e indígenas. CONCLUSÃO Diferenças no consumo alimentar segundo raça/cor da pele foram encontradas e são influenciadas por condições socioeconômicas e demográficas.

Exactitud de la valoración subjetiva global versus la determinación objetiva para la evaluación del estado nutricional en pacientes oncológicos: Un estudio observacional de centro único / Accuracy of subjective global assessment versus objective determination for assessment of nutritional status in cancer patients: A single-center observational study

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la exactitud de la Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS) versus la Valoración Objetiva (VO) del estado nutricional del paciente oncológico. Metodología: El presente estudio observacional se realizó en el Hospital del IESS de Santo Domingo-Ecuador de enero a mayo del 2018. Se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer de cualquier órgano. Las variables fueron edad, sexo, tipo de neoplasia. La VO usó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), % de grasa corporal, circunferencia braquial, circunferencia muscular del brazo, albumina sérica, hemoglobina. Se realizó el test de VGS. Resultados: Se analizan 114 pacientes, 59 hombres (51%). El promedio de edad de 69 ± 13.6 años en hombres y 56 ± 15.7 años en mujeres. Dentro de la categoría VGS-A (Bien Nutrido) 62.7% hombres y 69.1% mujeres. En las categorías VGS-ByC (desnutrición moderada y severa) 37.3% de hombres y 30.9% de mujeres. El IMC fue de 28.8 Kg/m2 en VGS-A y 24.2 en VGS-ByC P<0.0001. El % de grasa corporal de 31.3% en VGS-A y de 24.7% en VGS-ByC P=0.0047.Circunferencia de brazo en VGS-A 30.3 cm y en VGS-ByC de 25.97 cm P<0.0001. Sensibilidad (S) de 12.8% de la VGS para Índice de masa corporal, especificidad (E) 100%; exactitud (Ex) 70.2%; VSG para % de grasa corporal S: 41.0%, E: 88%, Ex: 71.9%. VSG para la circunferencia de brazo S: 71.8%, E: 65.3%, Ex 67.5%. Conclusión: La aplicación del test de la valoración global subjetiva, tiene una baja sensibilidad para el diagnóstico nutricional, la exactitud del test es del 70% para el diagnóstico de IMC y el porcentaje de grasa corporal, y del 65% para la circunferencia del brazo.

Introduction: The study's objective was to determine the accuracy of the Global Subjective Assessment (GSA) versus the Objective Assessment (OA) of the nutritional status of cancer patients. Methodology: This observational study was carried out at the IESS Hospital in Santo Domingo-Ecuador from January to May 2018. Patients with cancer of any organ were included, and the variables were age, sex, and type of neoplasia. OA uses body mass index (BMI), % body fat, upper arm circumference, upper arm muscle circumference, serum albumin, and hemoglobin. The GSA test was performed. Results: A total of 114 patients were analyzed, 59 men (51%). The average age was 69 ± 13.6 years in men and 56 ± 15.7 years in women. Within the GSA-A (Well Nourished) category, 62.7% are men, and 69.1% are women. In the GSA-B&C categories (moderate and severe malnutrition), 37.3% of men and 30.9% of women had malnutrition. The BMI was 28.8 Kg/m2 in GSA-A and 24.2 in GSA-B&C, P<0.0001. The % body fat was 31.3% in GSA-A and 24.7% in GSA- B&C (P=0.0047). Arm circumference in GSA-A was 30.3 cm, and in GSA-B&C, it was 25.97 cm (P<0.0001). Sensitivity (S) of 12.8% of the GSA for body mass index, specificity (Sp) 100%; accuracy (A) 70.2%; GSA for % body fat S: 41.0%, Sp: 88%, A: 71.9%. GSA for arm circumference S: 71.8%, Sp: 65.3%, A: 67.5%. Conclusion: The application of the subjective global assessment test has a low sensitivity for nutritional diagnosis; the accuracy of the test is 70% for the diagnosis of BMI and percentage of body fat and 65% for arm circumference.

Hábitos de consumo de alimentos y bebidas en hogares argentinos según presencia de adultos mayores y nivel de ingreso / Food and beverage consumption habits in Argentinean households by presence of elderly members and income level

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los patrones alimentarios de los adultos mayores son un aspecto clave en la calidad de vida y la morbimortalidad. Los datos al respecto son escasos en la población argentina. El objetivo fue evaluar los hábitos de consumo de alimentos y bebidas en hogares argentinos según presencia de adultos mayores y nivel de ingreso. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares 2017-2018. Se calculó el consumo aparente de alimentos (g o ml) por adulto equivalente por día en tres tipos de hogares según la presencia de adultos >60 años: a) sin adultos mayores (SAM), b) multigeneracionales con adultos mayores (MAM) y c) unigeneracionales de adultos mayores (UAM), estratificados según nivel de ingresos. RESULTADOS: De los 21 254 hogares que registraron compra de alimentos y bebidas en la semana de la encuesta, hubo 64% SAM, 19% MAM y 17% UAM. Los hogares UAM presentaron mayor consumo aparente de alimentos y bebidas, especialmente hortalizas y frutas, legumbres, leche, yogur y quesos, huevos, aceite, frutas secas y semillas, y alimentos de consumo opcional según las guías alimentarias nacionales. El consumo fue creciente a medida que aumentaban los ingresos del hogar. DISCUSIÓN: El análisis evidenció diferencias en los hábitos alimentarios según composición del hogar y nivel de ingreso, y permite planificar estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida de un grupo poblacional en aumento.

Correlation analysis between children and adolescents watching food TV advertising and fast food consumption / 中华预防医学杂志

Based on the open data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 249 children, adolescents and 249 heads of families who completed two rounds of surveys in 2011 and 2015 were selected in this study. According to the fast food consumption of children and adolescents, they were divided into fast food consumption group and non-fast food consumption group. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between children and adolescents watching Food TV advertising and fast food consumption. After adjusting relevant factors, the results showed that children and adolescents requiring their parents to buy food in TV advertisements (OR=3.122, P=0.001), parents buying food for their children in TV advertisements (OR=4.717, P=0.036), children and adolescents buying food in TV advertisements themselves (OR=3.728, P=0.041), children and adolescents' preference for food in TV advertisements (OR=2.946, P=0.044) and the frequency of children and adolescents reported by their parents asking their parents to buy food in TV advertisements (OR=3.113, P=0.002) were associated with children and adolescents' fast food consumption.

Waist Circumference of the Elderly over 65 Years Old in China Increased Gradually from 1993 to 2015: A Cohort Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends and characteristics associated with waist circumference (WC) among elderly Chinese people.@*Methods@#We used data from 3,096 adults ≥ 65 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), an ongoing cohort study, between 1993 and 2015. We used longitudinal quantile regression models to explore the temporal trends and characteristics associated with WC.@*Results@#WC increased gradually among the elderly Chinese population during the survey. The WC curves shifted to the right with wider distributions and lower peaks in men and women. All WC percentile curves shifted upward with similar growth rates in the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. The WC means increased from 78 cm to 86 cm during the 22 years of our study. WC significantly increased with age and body mass index and decreased with physical activity (PA). These associations were stronger in the higher percentiles than in the lower percentiles.@*Conclusions@#WC is rising among Chinese adults ≥ 65 years. Factors affecting WC in elderly people may have different effects on different percentiles of the WC distribution, and PA was the most important protective factor in the higher percentiles of the WC distribution. Thus, different interventional strategies are needed.

Relationship between pesticide exposure and lipid metabolism in population / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of pesticides and herbicides on lipid metabolism. Methods: In November 2020, Based on the data of the national health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) (2011-2014) , select the population aged 20~65 who have demographic information, pesticide use and data of four lipid metabolism indicators [total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) ] (n=3039) . The subjects were divided into insecticide group (320 people) and non insecticide group (2719) according to the use of insecticides, and herbicide group (156 people) and non herbicide group according to the use of herbicides. Results: Among the 3039 subjects, the males and female were 1509 (49.7%) and 1530 (50.3%) respectively. The males age was (39.7±12.0) years and the females age was (40.2±12.0) years The concentration of HDLC in the NHANES (55.4±15.0) mg/dl was lower than that of (58.2±14.2) mg/dL in the non herbicide group (P<0.05) (b=-0.044, P<0.05) . The results showed that the use of herbicides was related to the decrease of HDLC and the increase of LDLC and LDLC/HDLC in female population (b=-0.050, 0.062, 0.067, all P<0.05) . Conclusion: Herbicide exposure can cause the change of lipid metabolism, and the effect on female population is more obvious.

Relação do risco nutricional e perfil glicêmico no desfecho de pacientes críticos / Relationship of nutritional risk and glycemic profile in the outcome of critically ill patients

Em pacientes críticos o risco nutricional e a hiperglicemia associam-se ao aumento da incidência de desfechos desfavoráveis. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação do risco nutricional pelo Nutrition Risk in Critically III, versão modificada (mNUTRIC) e perfil glicêmico nos desfechos de alta, óbito e tempo de internação de pacientes críticos e verificar o impacto das ferramentas Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II (APACHE II) e do Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) nesses desfechos. Método: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo desenvolvido em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Foram incluídos adultos, com tempo ≥ 48 horas de internação e com registro mínimo de duas aferições glicêmicas. Excluíram-se pacientes em cuidados paliativos, readmitidos nas UTI e gestantes. O teste Exato de Fisher e Shapiro Wilk foram utilizados para avaliar as variáveis categóricas e contínuas, respectivamente. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney ou t-Student não pareado. Realizou-se análise de regressão logística e linear. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Ao avaliar 35 pacientes, 45,7% apresentaram alto risco nutricional. Foi observado associação do risco nutricional com os desfechos de alta e óbito; o SOFA associou-se ao óbito e tempo de internação. O incremento de 1 ponto no escore do SOFA aumentou a chance de óbito em 83% e tempo maior de internação em 0,49 dias. O perfil glicêmico e APACHE II não se associou aos desfechos. Conclusão: o escore SOFA foi o instrumento que apresentou associações significativas com o desfecho do óbito e maior tempo de internação de pacientes críticos

In critically ill patients, nutritional risk and hyperglycemia are associated with an increased incidence of unfavorable outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of nutritional risk by the Nutrition Risk in Critically III, modified version (mNUTRIC) and glycemic profile in the outcomes of discharge, death and length of stay in critically ill patients and to verify the impact of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II (APACHE II) and the Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) tools on these outcomes. Method: Prospective longitudinal study developed in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Adults were included, with ≥ 48 hours of hospitalization and with a minimum record of two blood glucose measurements. Patients in palliative care, readmitted to ICU and pregnant women were excluded. Fisher's Exact test and Shapiro Wilk test were used to evaluate categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Subsequently, the Mann-Whitney or unpaired t-Student test was used. Logistic and linear regression analysis was performed. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: When evaluating 35 patients, 45.7% were at high nutritional risk. An association was observed between nutritional risk and discharge and death outcomes; SOFA was associated with death and length of hospital stay. The increment of 1 point in the SOFA score increased the chance of death by 83% and a longer hospital stay by 0.49 days. Glycemic profile and APACHE II were not associated with outcomes. Conclusion: the SOFA score was the instrument that showed significant associations with the outcome of death and longer hospital stay in critically ill patients

Memorization of messages, satisfaction, and feasibility of a nutritional intervention using a mobile text messaging app among adolescents / Memorização de mensagens, satisfação e usabilidade de intervenção nutricional via aplicativo de envio de mensagens entre adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the memorization of messages that promote healthy eating, as well as satisfaction and feasibility of a nutritional intervention using a mobile text messaging app aimed at adolescents from public schools in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods The messages sent addressed aspects of healthy eating based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. A self-reported questionnaire was applied with 94 students to assess the memorization of the messages received during the nutritional intervention, the level of satisfaction with the intervention, whether the messages were read and shared, the frequency of reading, and what was learned from the intervention. The association of memorization with satisfaction and with the frequency of reading the messages was also investigated. Results About 48% of participants reported remembering at least one message; 77.7% showed high ranges of satisfaction; 54.3% always read the messages; 66.0% did not share messages with other people. Most of the students reported positive learning or good impressions about the intervention. An association was found between memorization and satisfaction with the intervention (p=0.002), as well as between reading and memorization (p=0.005). Conclusion Although the memorization of the healthy eating messages sent in the nutritional intervention was less than expected, a great satisfaction and high frequency of reading the messages were reported by adolescents. Future studies should investigate the permanence of the results of long-term nutrition intervention, the main influencers of memorization, and how to improve it.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a memorização de mensagens de promoção de alimentação adequada e saudável, a satisfação e a usabilidade de uma intervenção nutricional via aplicativo direcionada para adolescentes de escolas públicas do Distrito Federal. Métodos As mensagens enviadas abordavam aspectos sobre alimentação adequada e saudável com base no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento a 94 estudantes para avaliar a memorização das mensagens recebidas durante a intervenção nutricional, o nível de satisfação com a intervenção, se as mensagens eram lidas e compartilhadas, a frequência de leitura e quais foram os aprendizados decorrentes da intervenção. Investigou-se ainda a associação entre a memorização, a satisfação e a frequência de leitura das mensagens. Resultados Cerca de 48% dos participantes referiram lembrar de pelo menos uma mensagem da intervenção; 77,7% se mostraram satisfeitos com o estudo; 54,3% sempre liam as mensagens que recebiam e 66% não compartilhava as mensagens com outras pessoas. A maioria relatou aprendizados ou impressões positivas sobre a intervenção. Foi encontrada uma associação entre a memorização das mensagens e a satisfação com o estudo (p=0,002), bem como entre a leitura e a memorização das mensagens (p=0,005). Conclusão Apesar de a memorização das mensagens enviadas na intervenção nutricional ter sido aquém do esperado, foi referida grande satisfação e alta frequência de leitura pelos adolescentes. Futuros estudos devem investigar a permanência dos resultados de intervenções nutricionais a longo prazo, os principais influenciadores da memorização e como melhorá-la.