摘要
The production of passion fruit is important in Brazil. In order to contribute to the development of the most promising cultivars of passion fruit, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of 32 genotypes of passion fruit in Federal District of Brazil, and to estimate genetic parameters for use in breeding programs. Thirty-two genotypes were used in a randomized block design, with eight plants per plot and four replications. The experiment was conducted in field. Twenty-eight harvests were performed, and the variables analyzed were: productivity estimated, total number of fruits per hectare, average fruit weight and these characteristics following classification of fruits in five categories. The genotypes that presented the highest total yield estimated were MAR20 # 23, AR 01 and PLANTA 7. For industrial purposes, genotypes MAR 20 # 21 and BRS Gigante Amarelo were superior. For fresh consumption, the genotypes with the best performance were PLANT 7, AR 01 and MSC. Total productivity estimated and total number of fruits per hectare in the first-class classification showed high values of heritability and CVg/CVe ratio. These results indicate a favorable condition for selection.
Subject(s)
Templates, Genetic , Passiflora , Crop Production , Plant Breeding摘要
The objective of this study was to evaluate the cellular proliferative potential of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions from patients without hepatitis C virus (HCV) by means of AgNOR method, as well as the cellular proliferative potential of the normal oral mucosa from patients with HCV, treated or untreated by interferon and ribavirin. A cross-sectional study was developed to investigate four groups: 10 HCV+ patients without clinical signs of OLP who had never been treated for HCV infection - Group 1; 10 HCV+ patients that were under interferon and ribavirin treatment - Group 2; 15 patients with reticular OLP lesions histopathologically confirmed, without HCV - Group 3; and 15 blood donors without HCV infection and no clinical signs of OLP GROUP 4 Control Group. The cytological material of all groups was collected by the liquid-based cytology technique. Then, the sedimented material from each patient was filled with the Nucleolar Organizer Regions impregnation by silver method (AgNOR). The count of NORs was performed on 100 epithelial cell nuclei per patient using the Image Tool(tm) software. The Tukey HSD test was used to compare the median value of NORs among the groups and showed that the oral mucosa of HCV+ patients previously treated with anti-HCV drugs (GROUP 2), presented a higher average number of NORs in relation to others (p<0.05). The anti-HCV treatment may be related to increased cell proliferation of oral mucosa, indicating a possible relationship between OLP and HCV+ patients treated with interferon and ribavirin.
O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial proliferativo celular das lesões de líquen plano bucal (LPB) de pacientes sem vírus da hepatite C (VHC) por meio do método AgNOR, comparando-o ao potencial proliferativo celular da mucosa bucal normal de portadores de VHC, tratados ou não com interferon e ribavirina. Um estudo transversal foi realizado para investigar 4 grupos: 10 pacientes VHC+ sem sinais clínicos de LPB que nunca haviam sido tratados para a infecção por VHC - Grupo 1; 10 pacientes VHC+ que estavam sob tratamento com interferon e ribavirina - Grupo 2; 15 pacientes com LPB reticular histopatologicamente confirmado, sem VHC - Grupo 3; e 15 doadores de sangue sem infecção por VHC e sem sinais clínicos de LPB (Grupo 4 - Grupo de Controle). O material celular de todos os grupos foi coletado pela técnica da citologia em base líquida. Então, o material sedimentado de cada paciente foi submetido ao método da impregnação das regiões organizadoras nucleolares pela prata (AgNOR). A contagem das NORs foi realizada em 100 núcleos celulares epiteliais por paciente por meio do programa Image Tool(r). O teste Tukey HSD foi utilizado para comparar o valor médio de NORs entre os grupos e mostrou que a mucosa bucal dos pacientes VHC+ previamente tratados com fármacos anti-VHC (Grupo 2) apresentou maior número médio de NORs por núcleo em relação aos outros (p<0,05). O tratamento anti-VHC pode estar relacionado ao aumento da atividade proliferativa celular da mucosa bucal, aventando uma possível relação entre LPB e pacientes VHC+ tratados com interferon e ribavirina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Rats , Genes , RNA Polymerase II/metabolism , Transcription Factors, General , Transcription, Genetic , Transcriptional Elongation Factors , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Detergents/pharmacology , Genes/drug effects , HeLa Cells/metabolism , Heparin/pharmacology , Histones/genetics , Liver/metabolism , Plasmids , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Sarcosine/analogs & derivatives , Sarcosine/pharmacology , Templates, Genetic , Thymus Gland/enzymology , Transcription Factors/isolation & purification , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects摘要
Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação da metodologia de modelos lineares mistos em características de escores visuais por meio de simulação, considerando-se duas estruturas populacionais (com e sem seleção), dois níveis de herdabilidade (0,1 e 0,4) e quatro níveis de conectabilidade (8, 20, 38 e 60 por cento). As populações com e sem seleção estavam constituídas por 6660 e 3360 animais, respectivamente, dos quais os últimos 2460 animais tinham fenótipo para o escore visual. Assumiu-se uma variável contínua adjacente ao escore visual, a partir da qual foram definidos os intervalos correspondentes a cada categoria de escore visual. O processo de simulação foi feito por meio do software R, e a estimação de parâmetros e predição de valores genéticos pelo software Wombat, sob modelo animal, considerando-se modelos com e sem efeitos fixos. Os critérios de avaliação foram: o erro quadrático médio (EQM) para a herdabilidade e as correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos verdadeiros e preditos. As estimativas da herdabilidade apresentaram-se próximas do valor verdadeiro nos cenários sem seleção (0,084-0,101 e 0,367-0,389), no entanto este resultado não ocorreu quando houve seleção, pois a herdabilidade apresentou-se subestimada (0,032 e 0,278). As correlações apresentaram-se maiores nos cenários sem seleção e com herdabilidade de 0,4 (0,86-0,89). Em todos os cenários simulados, a inclusão do efeito fixo no modelo melhorou as estimativas de herdabilidade e as correlações entre os valores genéticos verdadeiros e preditos. O nível de conectabilidade afetou a correção dos efeitos fixos feita pela atribuição dos escores. Em conclusão, a metodologia dos modelos lineares mistos pode ser utilizada na estimação de parâmetros e predição de valores genéticos de escores visuais em populações sem seleção, entretanto não se apresenta adequada em populações sob seleção...
This study aimed to evaluate the application of linear mixed models methodology using simulated data for trait visual scores, two population structures (with and without selection), two levels of heritability (0.1 and 0.4) and four levels of connectability (8, 20, 38 and 60 percent) were examined. Populations with and without selection consisted of 6,660 and 3,360 animals respectively, of which, the last in 2460 had score visual phenotypes. The scores were simulated with an underlying normal distribution from which intervals were defined corresponding to each category of the visual scores. The simulation process was performed in software R, to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values through software Wombat using animal model, considering models with and without fixed effects. The evaluation criteria were: the mean squared error (EQM) for heritability and Spearman correlations between true and predicted breeding values. Estimates of heritability showed close to the true value in scenarios without selection (0.084-0.101 and 0.367-0.389), however when selection was applied heritability was underestimated (0.032 and 0.278). Consistent with heritability, the correlations were higher for the scenarios without selection and with heritability of 0.4 (0.86-0.89). In all scenarios simulated the inclusion of fixed effects in the model improved the estimates of heritability and correlations between true and predicted breeding values. The level of connectability affected the correction of fixed effects done by allocating visual scores. The linear mixed model methodology can be used in the estimation of genetic parameters and predicted breeding values for visual scores in populations without selection, however, is not suiting in populations under selection...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/classification , Heredity , Linear Models , Templates, Genetic , Forecasting/methods , Software摘要
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the optimization system of SRAP-PCR molecular marker technology in the analysis on Pinellia ternata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SRAP-PCR reaction system for P. ternata was optimized by L16 (5(4)) orthogonal design with five elements (dNTPs, Mg2+, the template DNA, primers, Taq enzyme) and four standards.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The most suitable forward primer for SRAP for Pinellia ternata was 5'-TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG-3', while the reverse primer was 5'-GACTGCGTACGAATTACG-3'. The optimized reaction system contained 70 ng DNA template, 0.9 micromol x L(-1) primer, 0.20 mmol x L(-1) dNTP s, 1.5 - 2.0 mmol x L(-1) Mg2+, and 2 U Taq enzyme.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SRAP-PCR system for P. ternata is established to lay a foundation for future construction of SRAP genetic map of P. ternata.</p>
Subject(s)
China , DNA Primers , Genetics , DNA, Plant , Genetics , Electrophoresis , Magnesium , Metabolism , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Methods , Nucleotides , Genetics , Pinellia , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Reproducibility of Results , Taq Polymerase , Metabolism , Templates, Genetic摘要
Foram utilizados 128.700, 44.227, 90.383, 47.506, 42.619, 45.057, 17.666 e 27.181 dados, respectivamente, de peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), escore de umbigo à desmama (UD), escore de umbigo à desmama de macho (UDM), escore de umbigo à desmama de fêmea (UDF), escore de umbigo ao sobreano (US), escore de umbigo ao sobreano de macho (USM) e escore de umbigo ao sobreano de fêmea (USF) com o objetivo de estimar parâmetros genéticos de escore visual do umbigo e as respectivas correlações genéticas com as características de crescimento - peso à desmama e peso ao sobreano -, em bovinos da raça Nelore, aplicando-se um modelo animal em análises uni e bicaracterísticas. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h²) para as características UD, UDM, UDF, US, USM, USF, PD e PS foram de 0,14±0,01; 0,18±0,02; 0,15±0,01; 0,26±0,01; 0,32±0,03; 0,27±0,02, 0,29±0,01 e 0,27±0,02, respectivamente, em análises unicaracterísticas. Em análises bicaracterísticas, as estimativas de h² para UD, US, PD e PS foram de 0,15, 0,27, 0,29 e 0,45, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre UDM e UDF, entre USM e USF e entre UD e US foram positivas e altas, as correlações genéticas entre escore do umbigo e características de crescimento foram todas positivas e de magnitudes de baixa a moderada.
Records of 128,700, 44,227, 90,383; 47,506; 42,619; 45,057; 17,666 and 27,181 animals were analyzed, for weight at weaning (WW), yearling weight (YW), navel score at weaning (NW), male navel score at weaning (MNW), female navel score at weaning (FNW), navel score at yearling (NY), male navel score at yearling (MNY) and female navel score at yearling (FNY), respectively, to estimate genetic parameters of navel visual scores and growth traits in Nelore cattle, using uni and bi-traits analysis. Heritability estimates obtained by uni-traits analysis for NW, MNW, FNW, NY, MNY, FNY, WW and YW traits were 0.14±0.01; 0.18±0.02; 0.15±0,01; 0.26±0,01; 0.32±0.03; 0.27±0.02; 0.29±0.01 and 0.27±0.02, respectively. Heritability estimates obtained by bi-traits analysis of NW, NY, WW and YW were 0.15; 0.27; 0.29 and 0.45. Genetic correlations between MNW and FNW, between MNY and FNY and between NW and NY, were positive and high, suggesting that these traits were determined by the same genes. Genetic correlation between navel score and growth traits were all positive and of low to moderate magnitude.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Body Weight , Cattle/growth & development , Prolapse , Foreskin/pathology , Templates, Genetic , Umbilicus/anatomy & histology , Weaning , Growth/genetics , Genetic Enhancement摘要
Low template DNA (LTDNA) has been widely applied in the field of forensic science in recent years. However, the application of low copy number(LCN) analysis is still controversial in certain forensic. This paper focus on the definition of LCN and LTDNA, casework because of its inherent limiting factors. the validity and application of LCN in forensic science, methods of typing, quality control, replicate analysis, detection thresholds and then reviews the latest development of LCN in forensic science.
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA/genetics , DNA Fingerprinting/methods , Forensic Genetics/methods , Gene Dosage , Genome, Human , Genotype , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Templates, Genetic摘要
OBJECTIVE@#To optimize low copy number (LCN) DNA analysis methods for forensic STR genotyping.@*METHODS@#Two groups of DNA sample, extracted using either Magnetic bead method or Chelex-100 methods, were previously amplified with a Identifiler PCR Amplification kit, but no genotype was detected. The DNA samples were concentrated using either a drying method or the Microcon-100 method, then amplified using an miniFiler PCR Amplification kit and genotyped.@*RESULTS@#Among the 127 DNA samples, 47 samples, previously extracted using the Magnetic bead method, were genotyped with 36% success rate. Eighty samples, previously extracted using the Chelex-100 method, were genotyped with 30% success rate.@*CONCLUSION@#The application of sample concentration methods and miniFiler kit can improve the success rate of LCN STR analysis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Stains , DNA/analysis , DNA Fingerprinting/methods , DNA Primers , Forensic Genetics/methods , Genotyping Techniques/methods , Microsatellite Repeats , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Saliva/chemistry , Sensitivity and Specificity , Specimen Handling/methods , Templates, Genetic摘要
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the fidelity of multiple displacement amplification (MDA) from small number of cells (1-10 cells) by 10K 2.0 SNP mapping array.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A fibroblast cell line (Tri-18; GM02732, 47, XY, +18) was used as the template, and 6 groups were set up in the study. Groups A and B were positive and negative control, respectively; groups C-F were experimental groups involving the MDA products from 1, 2, 5 and 10 cells respectively. In combination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, the product of each group was assessed based on the genome coverage, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) rate and allele dropout (ADO) rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The nonspecific product of negative control presented an average call rate of 3.2%. The genome coverage of the MDA product increased from 86.4% to 96.4% with the increasing number of template from 1 to 10 cells, while the LOH rate and ADO rate decreased significantly (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MDA is a highly efficient and reliable method for whole genome amplification. The fidelity of MDA will be improved significantly with the increasing number of template cells. 10K 2.0 SNP mapping array is a quick, accurate and comprehensive method to evaluate the fidelity of amplified DNA products, but the ADO SNPs should be distinguished from those of preferential amplification from the LOH loci to avoid errors.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line , Cells , Cell Biology , DNA , Genetics , Loss of Heterozygosity , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Methods , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Templates, Genetic摘要
Foram utilizados 21.702 registros de produção de leite no dia do controle de 2.429 vacas primíparas da raça Holandesa, filhas de 233 touros, coletados em 33 rebanhos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para estimar parâmetros genéticos para produção de leite no dia do controle. O modelo de regressão aleatória ajustado aos controles leiteiros entre o sexto e o 305º dia de lactação incluiu o efeito de rebanho-ano-mês do controle, idade da vaca no parto e os parâmetros do polinômio de Legendre de ordem quatro, para modelar a curva média da produção de leite da população e parâmetros do mesmo polinômio, para modelar os efeitos aleatórios genético-aditivo e de ambiente permanente. As variâncias genéticas e de ambiente permanente para produção de leite no dia do controle variaram, respectivamente, de 2,38 a 3,14 e de 7,55 a 10,35. As estimativas de herdabilidade aumentaram gradativamente do início (0,14) para o final do período de lactação (0,20), indicando ser uma característica de moderada herdabilidade. As correlações genéticas entre as produções de leite de diferentes estágios leiteiros variaram de 0,33 a 0,99 e foram maiores entre os controles adjacentes. As correlações de ambiente permanente seguiram a mesma tendência das correlações genéticas. O modelo de regressão aleatória com polinômio de Legendre de ordem quatro pode ser considerado como uma boa ferramenta para estimação de parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite ao longo da lactação.
A total of 21,702 records of milk production from 2,429 first-lactation Holstein cows, sired by 233 bulls, collected in 33 herds in the State of Rio Grande do Sul from 1991 to 2003, were used to estimate genetic parameters for that characteristic. The random regression model adjusted to test day from the 6th and the 305th lactation day included the effect of herd-year-month of the test day, the age of the cow at parturition, and the order fourth Legendre polynomial parameters, in order to obtain the average curve for the milk production of the population and parameters from the same polynomial to estimate the additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects. The genetic and permanent environmental variances for test day milk yield ranged from 2.38 to 3.14 and from 7.55 to 10.35, respectively. The estimated heritabilities gradually increased from the beginning (0.14) to the end (0.20) of the lactation period, indicating that test day milk yield is a characteristic with moderate heritability. The genetic correlation between milk yield in different phases of lactation ranged from 0.33 to 0.99 and was higher between the adjacent test days. The permanent environmental correlations followed the same tendency of the genetic ones. The random regression animal model using Legendre polynomials of order four can be considered as a good tool to estimate genetic parameters for milk production throughout the lactation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Heredity/genetics , Milk , Templates, Genetic摘要
Inferência Bayesiana do modelo auto-regressivo foi aplicado para dados em painel a dados reais de DEPïs de touros da raça Nelore publicadas entre 2000 e 2005. Na análise foram consideradas a função de verossimilhança exata e a obtenção de distribuições preditivas de dados futuros. Verificou-se ser recomendável o agrupamento dos animais em grupos homogêneos de acordo com a acurácia. Constatou-se também, que em média, a eficiência de previsão dos valores de DEPïs para um ano futuro é próxima de 80 por cento.
A Bayesian inference of autoregressive panel data model was applied to real data of Nelore sires Expected Progenie Difference (EPD) during a five-year period (2000-2005). The exact likelihood function and predictive distributions of future observations were considered. The results indicated the importance of sires grouping in homogeneous groups according to accuracy and showed forecast efficiency for EPD values in a future year around 80 percent.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Genetic Heterogeneity , Templates, Genetic , Seasons , Weight Gain摘要
Um total de 5240 informações de peso de progênies provenientes de 200 reprodutores e 400 reprodutrizes, alimentadas com dietas com níveis de proteína bruta que variaram de 24 a 30 por cento, e nível de 2900kcal de energia metabolizável, foi utilizado para avaliar a sensibilidade de valores genéticos de duas linhagens de codornas de corte, EV1 e EV2, em relação às mudanças de níveis protéicos das dietas, utilizando-se modelos de regressão aleatória. As codornas com maior valor genético aditivo para peso no ambiente médio (nível protéico igual a zero em uma escala de -1 a 1) respondem de maneira positiva ao aumento do nível protéico da dieta, sendo mais importante para a linhagem EV2 e de pouca expressão para a linhagem EV1, no 21º dia de idade. No 42º dia de idade, codornas da linhagem EV1 apresentam aumento de dispersão dos valores genéticos com o aumento dos níveis protéicos da dieta, indicando heterogeneidade de sensibilidades dos valores genéticos aditivos à mudança ambiente, ou à existência de interação genótipo x ambiente. Codornas EV2 apresentaram aumento de dispersão dos valores genéticos em função do nível protéico em ambas as idades. A interação genótipo x nível protéico interfere em menores idades na expressão fenotípica da linhagem EV2. As herdabilidades estimadas apresentaram alta variação e maior magnitude para maiores níveis de proteína bruta na dieta, indicando maior resposta à seleção para níveis mais elevados de proteína da dieta, à exceção da linhagem EV1, no 21º dia de idade. Avaliações genéticas realizadas para codornas alimentadas com dietas contendo determinado nível protéico não permitiriam a predição de valores genéticos válidos para outros níveis protéicos das dietas, à exceção da linhagem EV1, no 21º dia de idade.
A total of 5,240 body weight records of quail of offsprings from 200 males and 400 females matings, fed crude protein diet levels varying from 24 to 30 percent and 2,900kcal of metabolizable energy, was used to evaluate the sensitivity of genetic values of two meat strains, EV1 and EV2, to changes in crude protein levels of diets, using random regression models. Quails showing higher body weight genetic value in the average environment (crude protein level equal to zero in a scale varying from -1 to 1) respond positively to an increase in crude protein level of diet, this change is more important for EV2 quails (higher slope) and of small magnitude for EV1 quails at 21 days of age. EV1 quails at 42 days of age showed remarked increase in the dispersion for breeding values as crude protein level increased in the diets, suggesting heterogeneity of slope of the breeding values to change in protein level of diets or suggesting a genotype x protein level of diet interaction. EV2 quails showed an increase in the breeding values in function of crude protein level of diet for both ages. Genotype x protein level of diet interferes earlier in the phenotype expression of EV2 quails. Heritability estimates showed a sizeable variation and were of higher values for quails fed higher protein level diets, except for EV1 quails at 21 days of age. Genetic evaluations of quails fed specific crude protein level do not allow a prediction of valid breeding values for quails fed other crude protein level of diet.
Subject(s)
Animals , Coturnix , Genotype , Proteins/genetics , Animal Feed/analysis , Templates, Genetic摘要
Developing countries are facing severe bottlenecks in the technological advancement in biotechnology, due to restrictions imposed by patent protected products and protocols. This calls for designing of simple and cost-effective alternatives for the indispensable products like DNA molecular weight markers. We demonstrate a novel, rapid and cost-effective method of making in-house 100bp ladder for routine use. In our method we use a single forward primer and five reverse primers designed on the backbone sequence of a commonly used vector template. These primers are used at a universal annealing temperature to amplify ten DNA fragments of accurate size ranging from 100bp to 1000bp. Our PCR-based method can provide size standards for an endless usage.
Subject(s)
Genetic Markers , Reference Standards , Templates, Genetic , Biotechnology , Genetic Vectors , Polymerase Chain Reaction摘要
Body index measurements on 2248 horses registered by the Brazilian Association of Pantaneiro Horse Breeders (ABCCP), in the period from 1972 to 2000 were analyzed. Data was analyzed using SAS and DFREML to calculate genetic parameters. The Dactyl Thoracic Index indicated that these animals are intermediary (not light horses but not suitable for traction), while the BARON and CREVAT index confirmed this result. The Chest Index presented animals that are good for speed as they have long legs but looking at the Body index the indication was that these horses are neither suitable for speed nor traction (intermediary). The analysis of other conformation indices indicated that, in general, these horses are medilines, show good speed and chest development, making them suitable for dealing with cattle and resistance for long treks. The environmental factor analysis verified that these horses have changed in recent years possibly due to selection by the breeder which may affect their adaptive capacity.
Foram estudados índices zootécnicos de 2.248 animais registrados na Associação Brasileira de Criadores do Cavalo Pantaneiro (ABCCP), no período compreendido entre 1972 e 2000. Os dados foram analisados usando o programa SAS e o DFREML para estimação de parâmetros genéticos. Na análise dos índices corporais, o índice dáctilo torácico (IDT) apresentou animais intermediários (nem leves e nem aptos para tração). O índice de BARON e CREVAT também confirmou este resultado. Na determinação do índice peitoral (IP), os animais foram considerados, em geral, favoráveis à velocidade por apresentarem membros longos. Já no índice corporal (IC), a maioria dos animais não foi apta à velocidade e nem à tração (mediolíneos). Através da análise dos índices de conformação verificou-se que, em geral, os Pantaneiros são mediolíneos, aptos para velocidade e possuem bom desenvolvimento torácico, proporcionando velocidade na lida do gado e resistência a longas caminhadas. Na análise dos fatores ambientais, verificou-se que nos últimos anos alguns índices têm sofrido alterações, provavelmente devido à seleção já exercida pelo criador, que pode afetar a capacidade de adaptação dos cavalos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Horses , Linear Models , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Templates, Genetic摘要
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the appropriate amount of template DNA for Sinofiler Kit.@*METHODS@#The DNA samples with ideally genotyped results by Sinofiler Kit were detected by real-time quantitative PCR assay.@*RESULTS@#It was shown that 1.29-1.51 ng of template DNA in 12.5 microL reaction volume was optimal for STR genotyping with Sinofiler Kit.@*CONCLUSION@#Real time quantitative PCR is an accurate and necessary technique for detection of appropriate amount of template DNA for different kits.
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA/analysis , Forensic Medicine/methods , Hair/chemistry , Microsatellite Repeats , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Templates, Genetic摘要
Los componentes de (co)varianza y parámetros genéticos para las características de crecimiento fueron estimados en dos rebaños afiliados a la fundación para la ganadería de doble propósito (GANADOBLE), ubicados en dos ambientes tropicales del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Los análisis fueron realizados bajo la metodología de los modelos mixtos, implementado por un modelo animal utilizando máxima verosimilitud restringida (REML), bajo el enfoque libre de derivadas, usando el paquete MTDFREML. Cuatro modelos mixtos fueron propuestos bajo un enfoque univariado aplicados sobre las características del peso al nacer (PN) y los pesos ajustados a 244 (P244); 365, (P365) y 548, (P548) días de edad, respectivamente. Se utilizaron 11587; 4412; 5774 y 3720 registros, correspondientes a PN, P244, P365 y P548, respectivamente. Los modelos difirieron para cada característica solamente en la parte aleatoria de los mismos: el modelo I incluyó solamente el efecto aditivo directo del animal; en el modelo II se incorporó además el efecto aditivo materno, el cual se asumió independiente del aditivo directo; en el modelo III, se admitió una covarianza entre los efectos genéticos aditivos directo y materno, de carácter proporcional a la matriz de relación y el modelo IV fue similar al III, pero se incluyó además el efecto ambiental permanente. Los efectos fijos incluidos en el modelo fueron: sexo del animal, grupo racial predominante, rebaño-año-época de nacimiento y el número de partos de la madre, el último solo para PN, P244 y P365. La prueba de la razón de verosimilitud (PRV) fue utilizada como criterio para la escogencia del modelo y fue realizada con el logaritmo de la función de verosimilitud de los modelos II vs. I, III vs. II y IV vs. III con la finalidad de encontrar la significancia estadística de: el efecto aditivo materno, la covarianza entre los efectos genéticos aditivos directo y el efecto ambiental permanente con el materno, respectivamente...
(Co)variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits were estimated in two dual purpose herds affiliated to the GANADOBLE foundation. The herds are located in two tropical environments in Zulia State, Venezuela. Animals were from a crisscrossing program between the Holstein and Brahman breeds mainly. Method of analysis was by Mixed Models, implemented under restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) on an animal model, by using the derivative free algorithm and the MTDFREML package. Four models were proposed for the analyses under univariate mode and applied to the traits birth weight (PN), and adjusted weights at 244, 365 and 558 days of age (P244), (P365) y (P548) respectively. A total of 11587, 4412, 5774 y 3720 records were used for PN, P244, P365 and P548 respectively. Models differed for each trait only in the random part, as well as, in the assumptions made on them: model I was a simple animal model including the direct additive genetic effect; model II included the maternal additive effect as well, which was assumed to be independent of the first; in model III was admitted a covariance between the additive genetic effects proportional to the numerator relationship matrix; model IV was similar to model III but included the permanent maternal effect. The fixed part of the model included the effects: sex of animal, breed predominance, herd-year-season of birth and parity number of the dam, the later only for PN, P244 and P365. The likelihood ratio test (PRV) was performed based on the logarithm of the likelihood function from results of models II vs. I, III vs. II and IV vs. III in order to asses the significance of the additive maternal, the covariance between the additive effects and the maternal permanent effect. The PRV showed the necessity of incorporating the additive maternal along with the direct additive genetic effects on the prediction of the breeding values for PN, P244 and P365 (P<0.01)...
Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Growth , Models, Animal , Templates, Genetic , Veterinary Medicine摘要
Estimaram-se os componentes de variância e covariância e as herdabilidades para os efeitos direto e materno, as correlações entre os efeitos direto e materno e a fração de ambiente permanente na variação total, utilizando-se o aplicativo MTDFREML, para os pesos ao nascer (PN), à desmama ajustado para 205 dias (P205), aos 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade na raça Tabapuã, para avaliar o efeito materno e a associação dos efeitos direto e materno sobre características de crescimento. Os dados, provenientes do programa de controle ponderal da raça, foram registrados na fazenda Agua Milagrosa, município de Tabapuã, São Paulo, no período de 1978 a 2002. As herdabilidades direta e materna foram: 0,32, 0,10; 0,20, 0,17; 0,21, 0,06 e 0,16; 0,03, para os pesos ao nascer, à desmama, aos 365 e 550 dias, respectivamente. As correlações entre os efeitos direto e materno para a mesma seqüência de pesos foram: -0,10; -0,20; -0,11 e -0,15. As frações do efeito de meio permanente na variância total foram: 1,41x10-6; 2,5x10-7; 2,4x10-7 e 4,0x10-6. Recomenda-se a inclusão do efeito materno nos esquemas de seleção de características de crescimento na raça Tabapuã.
The variance and covariance components, heritability for direct and maternal effects, correlations between direct and maternal effects and permanent environmental component of variance were estimated, using the REML methodology for birth weight (BW), weaning weight adjusted for 205 days (W205), weights at 365 (W365) and at 550 (W550) days of age in Tabapuã animals. Maternal effect and the association between direct and maternal effects on growth traits were estimated. Animal records from 1978 to 2002 are from Fazenda Agua Milagrosa, located at São Paulo State. The direct and maternal heritability were, respectively, 0.32, 0.10; 0.20, 0.17; 0.21, 0.06 and 0.16; 0.03, for birth weight, weaning weight, weights at 365 and at 550 days of age. The correlations between direct and maternal effects for the same sequence of weights were -0.10; -0.20; -0.11 and -0.15. The fractions of permanent environmental of the phenotypic variance were 1.41x10-6; 2.5x10-7; 2,4x10-7 and 4.0x10-6. The inclusion of maternal effect is recommended for growth traits evaluation of Tabapuã animals for selection purpose.
Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Cattle , Heredity/genetics , Templates, Genetic摘要
Para verificar o efeito da inclusão das interações reprodutor x rebanho e reprodutor x rebanho-ano como fator de ajustamento da heterogeneidade de variância, registros de produção de leite e gordura foram estratificados, com base no desvio-padrão fenotípico da produção de leite ajustada, em duas classes: baixo (<1.280kg) e alto (>1.280kg) desvio-padrão. Três modelos foram utilizados, sem e com interação reprodutor x rebanho e reprodutor x rebanho-ano, em análises de característica única, geral e em cada classe de desvio-padrão. Médias e componentes de variâncias foram maiores na classe de alto desvio-padrão. Na classe de baixo desvio-padrão, a herdabilidade não se alterou com a inclusão dos efeitos de interação no modelo, sendo de 0,34 para produção de leite e de 0,32 para produção de gordura. Na classe de alto desvio-padrão, as herdabilidades foram: 0,37, 0,35 e 0,36, e de 0,35, 0,32 e 0,35, para produção de leite e gordura, nos modelos sem, com interação reprodutor x rebanho e com interação reprodutor x rebanho-ano, respectivamente. A inclusão do efeito de interação reprodutor x rebanho nos modelos foi significativa (P<0,01) para produção de gordura, em análise geral e na classe de alto desvio-padrão, pelo teste da razão de verossimilhança.
In order to verify the effect of including the interactions of sire x herd and the sire x herd-year, as a adjust factor of the variance heterogeneity, registers of milk and fat yields were classified into two classes of standard deviation: low (<1.280kg) and high (>1.280kg), based on phenotypic standard deviation of the milk production adjusted. Three models, without and with interaction of sire x herd and sire x herd-year, were used in the general univariate analyses and in each standard deviation class. Averages and variance components were higher in the high standard deviation. In the class of low standard deviation, heritability didn't alter with the inclusion of the interaction effects in the model, being of 0.34 for milk yield and 0.32 for fat yield. In the class of high standard deviation, heritabilities were: 0.37, 0.35 and 0.36, and of 0.35, 0.32 and 0.35, for milk and fat yield, in the models without and with interaction of sire x herd and with interaction of sire x herd-year, respectively. The inclusion of the interaction of sire x herd was significant (P<0.01) for fat yield, in general analyses and in the high standard deviation class, in the likelihood ratio test.
Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Cattle , Genetic Heterogeneity , Livestock Industry , Templates, Genetic摘要
OBJECTIVE@#To detect low copy number of DNA samples by using a newly launched commercial miniSTR detection kit (MiniFiler) in forensic practice.@*METHODS@#Low concentration and/or challenged forensic DNA samples were analyzed according to protocols provided by the manufacturer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA).@*RESULTS@#DNA samples as low as 10 pg could be amplified by MiniFiler kit, and the optimal DNA quantity was 40 pg or above.@*CONCLUSION@#MiniFiler kit can be used for analysis of low copy number STR.