Cold Temperature; Composite Resins/chemistry; Crowns; Dental Alloys/chemistry; Dental Amalgam/chemistry; Dental Cements/chemistry; Dental Materials/chemistry; Dental Pulp Cavity/pathology; Dentin/pathology; Elasticity; Finite Element Analysis; Gold Alloys/chemistry; Hot Temperature; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods; Incisor/pathology; Materials Testing; Maxilla/pathology; Metal Ceramic Alloys/chemistry; Post and Core Technique/instrumentation; Stainless Steel/chemistry; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Temperature; Thermal Conductivity; Thermodynamics; Tooth, Nonvital/therapy