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Endothelial lesion and complement activation in patients with Scleroderma Renal Crisis / Lesão endotelial e ativação do complemento em pacientes com crise renal esclerodérmica
Pérez, Ney Arencibia; Morales, María Luisa Agüera; Sánchez, Rafael Sánchez; Salas, Rosa María Ortega; Puebla, Rafael Ángel Fernández de la; Hernández, Mario Espinosa.
  • Pérez, Ney Arencibia; Reina Sofia University Hospital. Córdoba. ES
  • Morales, María Luisa Agüera; Reina Sofia University Hospital. Córdoba. ES
  • Sánchez, Rafael Sánchez; Reina Sofia University Hospital. Cordoba. ES
  • Salas, Rosa María Ortega; Reina Sofia University Hospital. Cordoba. ES
  • Puebla, Rafael Ángel Fernández de la; Reina Sofia University Hospital. Cordoba. ES
  • Hernández, Mario Espinosa; Reina Sofia University Hospital. Córdoba. ES
J. bras. nefrol ; 41(4): 580-584, Out.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056602
ABSTRACT
Abstract In kidney biopsies reviews, scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is characterized by vascular endothelial injuries, C4d deposits on peritubular vessels, and acute and chronic injuries coexisting on the same biopsy. The clinical signs of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are described in systemic sclerosis (SSc), nevertheless, it has not been related to acute injuries described on kidney biopsies. We report a case of SRC in a patient with scleroderma-dermatomyositis overlap syndrome, which also showed clinical and histopathological data of TMA. On fundus examination, a severe acute hypertensive retinopathy was found. The kidney biopsy showed severe endothelial damage with widening of mucoid cells at the level of the intima, focal concentric proliferation on most small arterioles, and C3, C4d, and IgM deposits along the capillary walls. The genetic study of complement only showed the presence of membrane cofactor protein (MCP) risk haplotypes, without other genetic complement disorders. We understand that in a patient with TMA and SSc, the kidney damage would be fundamentally endothelial and of an acute type; moreover, we would observe clear evidence of complement activation. Once further studies correlate clinical-analytical data with anatomopathological studies, it is likely that we will be forced to redefine the SRC concept, focusing on the relationship between acute endothelial damage and complement activation.
RESUMO
Resumo Nas revisões de biópsias renais, a crise renal esclerodérmica (CRE) é caracterizada por lesões endoteliais vasculares, depósitos de C4d em vasos peritubulares e lesões agudas e crônicas que coexistem na mesma biópsia. Os sinais clínicos de microangiopatia trombótica (MAT) são descritos na esclerose sistêmica (ES); no entanto, não foram relacionados às lesões agudas descritas nas biópsias renais. Relatamos um caso de CRE em um paciente com síndrome de superposição de esclerodermia-dermatomiosite, que também apresentou dados clínicos e histopatológicos de MAT. No exame de fundo do olho, foi encontrada uma retinopatia hipertensiva aguda grave. A biópsia renal mostrou lesão endotelial grave com alargamento das células mucoides ao nível da íntima, proliferação concêntrica focal na maioria das pequenas arteríolas e depósitos de C3, C4d e IgM ao longo das paredes dos capilares. O estudo genético do complemento mostrou apenas a presença de haplótipos de risco da proteína cofator de membrana (PCM), sem outros distúrbios genéticos do complemento. Entendemos que em um paciente com MAT e ES, o dano renal seria fundamentalmente endotelial e do tipo agudo; além disso, observaríamos evidências claras de ativação do complemento. Uma vez que novos estudos correlacionam dados clínico-analíticos com estudos anatomopatológicos, é provável que sejamos forçados a redefinir o conceito de CRE, enfocando a relação entre dano endotelial agudo e ativação do complemento.
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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Raynaud Disease / Vision Disorders / Acute Kidney Injury / Kidney Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study Limits: Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J. bras. nefrol Journal subject: Nephrology Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Spain Institution/Affiliation country: Reina Sofia University Hospital/ES

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Raynaud Disease / Vision Disorders / Acute Kidney Injury / Kidney Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study Limits: Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J. bras. nefrol Journal subject: Nephrology Year: 2019 Type: Article Affiliation country: Spain Institution/Affiliation country: Reina Sofia University Hospital/ES