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Evaluation of vegetables grown in dry mountainous regions for soil transmitted helminths contamination / Avaliação de vegetais para contaminação por helmintos transmitida pelo solo em quatro distritos da divisão de Malakand: noroeste do Paquistão
Khan, W; Khatoon, N; Arshad, S; Mohammed, O B; Ullah, S; Ullah, I; Romman, M; Parvez, R; Mahmoud, A H.
  • Khan, W; University of Malakand. Department of Zoology. Lower Dir. PK
  • Khatoon, N; University of Karachi-Karachi. Department of Zoology. Karachi. PK
  • Arshad, S; University of Karachi-Karachi. Department of Zoology. Karachi. PK
  • Mohammed, O B; King Saud University, College of Science. Department Zoology. Riyadh. SA
  • Ullah, S; University of Swabi. Department of Zoology. Swabi. PK
  • Ullah, I; Karakoram International University. Department of Biological Science. Gilgit Baltistan. PK
  • Romman, M; University of Chitral. Department of Botany. Chitral. PK
  • Parvez, R; Government Girls Degree College Dargai. Department of Botany. Malakand. PK
  • Mahmoud, A H; King Saud University, College of Science. Department Zoology. Riyadh. SA
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e238953, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1153478
ABSTRACT
Infection caused by geo-helminth parasites are called geohelminthiasis are one of the global health problems. Vegetables eaten raw is the principal source of transmission of geo-helminth parasites. Pakistani people believe that eating raw vegetables are a significant source to get important vitamins and minerals. Based on the high incidence of pathogenic parasites and cultivating different vegetable types in the study areas, we conducted this study to evaluate the geo-helminth contamination of raw vegetables in northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This is a descriptive study comprised, 1942 samples of 25 various types of vegetables. The samples were examined in physiological saline solution using sedimentation and centrifugation methods. The findings were analyzed by Graph-Pad version 5. P value less than 0.05 (95% CI) was considered significant. Results showed that 16.5% (n=322) of all vegetables were contaminated with one or more type of geo-helminth parasites. Garlic was the highest (35%) and cauliflower the lowest (4%) contaminated samples respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common geohelminth found followed by hook worm species while Trichuris trichura was the least in all the vegetable samples. Leafy vegetables were highly contaminated 25.3% than vegetables with root parts 21.2% and fruity 9.09%. More than half of the contaminated vegetables were contaminated with single species of geo-helminth (P<0.05) while less than half with multiple types of geo-helminth contamination. Ninety two vegetables samples were contaminated with 2 species of parasites (P<0.05) and 45 with 3 (P>0.05) species of geo-helminth parasites. Education level of vendors and means of display were not significantly associated while types of vegetable used were significantly associated with the prevalence of parasites. The findings of this study provide evidence that consumption of raw vegetable has a high risk of acquiring geo-helminth infections. The authors believe that preventing the human to enter to the vegetable farmland for defecation, avoiding the irrigation of agricultural fields via night soil, and educating the people on proper washing and cooking of vegetables may be useful in reducing parasitic infections.
RESUMO
As infecções causadas por parasitas geo-helmínticos são chamados de geohelmintíases e são um dos problemas de saúde globais. Os vegetais comidos crus são a principal fonte de transmissão dos parasitas geo-helmínticos. O povo paquistanês acredita que comer vegetais crus é uma fonte significativa para obter vitaminas e minerais importantes. Com base na alta incidência de parasitas patogênicos e no cultivo de diferentes tipos de vegetais nas áreas de estudo, conduzimos este estudo para avaliar a contaminação por geo-helmintos de vegetais crus no noroeste de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo composto por 1942 amostras de 25 tipos diversos de vegetais. As amostras foram examinadas em solução salina fisiológica utilizando métodos de sedimentação e centrifugação. Os achados foram analisados pelo Graph-Pad versão 5. O valor de P menor que 0,05 (IC 95%) foi considerado significativo. Os resultados mostraram que 16,5% (n = 322) de todas as hortaliças estavam contaminadas com um ou mais tipos de parasitas geo-helmínticos. O alho foi a amostra mais contaminada (35%) e a couve-flor a menos (4%), respectivamente. Ascaris lumbricoides foi o geo-helmíntico mais comum encontrado, seguido por espécies de verme-anzol, enquanto Trichuris trichura foi o menos encontrado em todas as amostras de vegetais. Os vegetais folhosos foram altamente contaminados 25,3% do que os vegetais com partes de raiz 21,2% e frutados 9,09%. Mais da metade dos vegetais contaminados estavam contaminados com uma única espécie de geo-helmintos (P <0,05), enquanto menos da metade com vários tipos de contaminação com geo-helmintos. Noventa e duas amostras de vegetais estavam contaminadas com 2 espécies de parasitas (P <0,05) e 45 com 3 (P> 0,05) espécies de parasitas geo-helmínticos. O nível de escolaridade dos vendedores e os meios de exibição não foram significativamente associados, enquanto os tipos de vegetais usados foram significativamente associados à prevalência de parasitas. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem evidências de que o consumo de vegetais crus tem um alto risco de adquirir infecções por geo-helmintos. Os autores acreditam que impedir que o ser humano entre na terra de hortaliças para defecação, evitar a irrigação de campos agrícolas via solo noturno e educar as pessoas sobre a lavagem e cozimento adequados de vegetais pode ser útil na redução de infecções parasitárias.

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Vegetables / Helminths Limits: Animals / Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Braz. j. biol Year: 2022 Type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Government Girls Degree College Dargai/PK / Karakoram International University/PK / King Saud University, College of Science/SA / University of Chitral/PK / University of Karachi-Karachi/PK / University of Malakand/PK / University of Swabi/PK

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Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Vegetables / Helminths Limits: Animals / Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Braz. j. biol Year: 2022 Type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Government Girls Degree College Dargai/PK / Karakoram International University/PK / King Saud University, College of Science/SA / University of Chitral/PK / University of Karachi-Karachi/PK / University of Malakand/PK / University of Swabi/PK