Óbito neonatal em maternidade pública de referência: fatores associados / Neonatal death in public maternity of reference: associated factors / Muerte neonatal en maternidad pública de referencia: factores asociados

RESUMO

Objetivo: investigar os fatores maternos e neonatais associados aos óbitos neonatais em maternidade de referência no sudoeste maranhense. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo observacional, quantitativo, com análise documental em prontuários. Brasil. Selecionaram-se prontuários de 677 neonatos nascidos no próprio estabelecimento hospitalar no ano de 2016. Resultados: dos 677 prontuários de recém-nascidos admitidos, ocorreram 14,2% de óbitos e 85,8% de altas, a prematuridade foi o diagnóstico entre 42,4%, seguido de 41,9% de distúrbios respiratórios. A análise ajustada do modelo apontou que o óbito neonatal esteve associado a estatura <35cm (OR 38,40; p<0,001) e de 35- 39cm (OR 6,65, p<0,002), perímetro cefálico <22 cm (OR 38,58; p<0,002) e Apgar no 5º. minuto <3 (OR 5,91; p<0,001). Conclusão: a prematuridade e os distúrbios respiratórios foram as principais causas de internação. Há necessidade de rever o acesso aos serviços de saúde, assim como a implementação de intervenções qualificadas no pré-natal, parto e nascimento

ABSTRACT

Objective: to investigate maternal and neonatal factors associated with neonatal deaths in a reference maternity hospital in southwestern Maranhão. Method: quantitative, observational retrospective study, with documental analysis in medical records. Medical records of 677 neonates born in a hospital in southwest Maranhão, in 2016 were selected. Results: of the 677 medical records of admitted newborns, there were 14.2% of deaths and 85.8% of discharges, prematurity was the diagnosis among 42.4%, followed by 41.9% of respiratory disorders. The adjusted analysis of the model showed that neonatal death was associated with height <35cm (OR 38.40; p<0.001) and 35-39cm (OR 6.65, p<0.002), head circumference <22 cm (OR 38.58; p<0.002) and Apgar in the 5th. minute <3 (OR 5.91; p<0.001). Results: Of the 677 medical records of newborns admitted, there were 96 deaths (14.2%) and 581 discharges (85.8%), with prematurity being the most frequent diagnosis 287 (42.4%), followed by respiratory disorders 284 (41 , 9%). The adjusted analysis of the model showed that neonatal death was associated with height <35cm (OR 38.40; p <0.001), height of 35-39cm (OR 6.65, p <0.002), head circumference <22 cm (OR 38.58; p <0.002) and Apgar in the 5th. minute <3 (OR 5.91; p <0.001). Conclusion: prematurity and respiratory disorders were the main causes of hospitalization. There is a need to review access to health services, as well as the implementation of qualified interventions in prenatal care, childbirth and birth