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Spatial factors for COVID-19 associated community deaths in an urban area of Lusaka, Zambia: an observational study
Hamukale, Amos; Imamura, Tadatsugu; Kapina, Muzala; Borkovska, Olena; Musuka, Chisenga Abel; Tembo, Emmanuel; Xie, Yingtao; Zulu, Paul Msanzya; Sakubita, Patrick; Kapaya, Fred; Hamoonga, Raymond; Liwewe, Mazyanga Mazaba; Nagata, Chie; Ishiguro, Akira; Kapata, Nathan; Mukonka, Victor; Sinyange, Nyambe.
  • Hamukale, Amos; Public Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Imamura, Tadatsugu; Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan. Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo. JP
  • Kapina, Muzala; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Borkovska, Olena; Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development, Columbia University, New York, USA. New York. US
  • Musuka, Chisenga Abel; Zambia Data Hub, National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), Lusaka, Zambia. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Tembo, Emmanuel; Zambia Data Hub, National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Xie, Yingtao; Department of Analytics, Fraym Arlington, Virginia, USA. Virginia. US
  • Zulu, Paul Msanzya; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Sakubita, Patrick; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Kapaya, Fred; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Hamoonga, Raymond; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Liwewe, Mazyanga Mazaba; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Nagata, Chie; Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo. JP
  • Ishiguro, Akira; Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo. JP
  • Kapata, Nathan; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Mukonka, Victor; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
  • Sinyange, Nyambe; National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia. Lusaka. ZM
Pan Afr. med. j ; 45(NA): NA-NA, 2023.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1433882
ABSTRACT
We retrospectively analyzed spatial factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated community deaths i.e., brought-in-dead (BID) in Lusaka, Zambia, between March and July 2020. A total of 127 cases of BID with geocoordinate data of their houses were identified during the study period. Median interquartile range (IQR) of the age of these cases was 49 (34-70) years old, and 47 cases (37.0%) were elderly individuals over 60 years old. Seventy-five cases (75%) of BID were identified in July 2020, when the total number of cases and deaths was largest in Zambia. Among those whose information regarding their underlying medical condition was available, hypertension was most common (22.9%, 8/35). Among Lusaka's 94 townships, the numbers (median, IQR) of cases were significantly larger in those characterized as unplanned residential areas compared to planned areas (1.0, 0.0-4.0 vs 0.0, 0.0-1.0; p=0.030). The proportion of individuals who require more than 30 minutes to obtain water was correlated with a larger number of BID cases per 105 population in each township (rho=0.28, p=0.006). The number of BID cases was larger in unplanned residential areas, which highlighted the importance of targeted public health interventions specifically to those areas to reduce the total number of COVID-19 associated community deaths in Lusaka. Brought-in-dead surveillance might be beneficial in monitoring epidemic conditions of COVID-19 in such high-risk areas. Furthermore, inadequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) might be associated with such distinct geographical distributions of COVID-19 associated community deaths in Lusaka, Zambia.
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Full text: Available Index: AIM (Africa) Main subject: Environmental Monitoring / Public Health / Epidemics / COVID-19 / Hypertension Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Pan Afr. med. j Year: 2023 Type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan/JP / Department of Analytics, Fraym Arlington, Virginia, USA/US / Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development, Columbia University, New York, USA/US / Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan/JP / National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia/ZM / Public Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia/ZM / Zambia Data Hub, National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), Lusaka, Zambia/ZM

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Full text: Available Index: AIM (Africa) Main subject: Environmental Monitoring / Public Health / Epidemics / COVID-19 / Hypertension Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Pan Afr. med. j Year: 2023 Type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan/JP / Department of Analytics, Fraym Arlington, Virginia, USA/US / Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development, Columbia University, New York, USA/US / Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan/JP / National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia/ZM / Public Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia/ZM / Zambia Data Hub, National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), Lusaka, Zambia/ZM