Association between urinary stone disease and peripheral arterial disease in a rural population in Pinggu district of Beijing city / 中华肾脏病杂志

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the association between urinary stone disease (USD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods:The study was based on the cross-sectional chronic diseases survey performed in Pinggu district, Beijing from March to May, 2014. All subjects completed a questionnaire, physical examination, renal ultrasound examination to detect USD, ankle-brachial index (ABI) examination to detect PAD (defined as ABI<0.9 on either side of the body), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement to estimate arterial stiffness. Blood and first morning urine sample were detected for serum creatinine, blood glucose and so on.Results:There were 10 281 participants included in this study. Among these participants, the prevalences of USD and PAD were 5.66% and 3.95%, respectively. Compared with non-stone participants, the persistent USD formers had a higher prevalence of PAD (8.26% vs 3.90%, P<0.001) and baPWV [(16.3±3.5) m/s vs (15.5±3.2) m/s, P<0.001]. Even after adjusting the confounding factors, the persistent USD formers also had a 2.066-fold increased risk of PAD ( OR=2.066, 95% CI 1.276-3.343, P=0.003). In the subgroup analysis, persistent USD patients in older participants who were≥60 years old, women, chronic kidney disease, and central obesity had a significantly increased risk of PAD. Conclusions:In the present population, persistent USD is positively associated with a high risk of PAD and increased arterial stiffness. Patients with persistent USD should be screened for vascular diseases.