Case report of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifested by ischemic stroke / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

ABSTRACT

Clinical data of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ischemic stroke who was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University in January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The child is a 6 years and 4 months old boy with a history of thrombocytopenic purpura and recurrent respiratory infections.The main complaint was " the right limb weakness for more than 10 days" . The head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extensive abnormal signals in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes and the formation of softening foci in the left thalamus and outer capsule.Blood routine showed white blood cell 4.88×10 9/L, lymphocyte ratio 0.291, lymphocyte count 1.42×10 9/L, hemoglobin 99 g/L, and platelet 23×10 9/L.Lymphocyte subsets included CD3 + 84.1%, CD3 + CD4 + 0.2%, CD3 + CD8 + 61.4%, CD4 + /CD8 + 0, CD3 -CD 19+ 9.2%, CD3 -CD 16+ 56+ 6.1%, and CD 19+ CD 23+ 5.8%.Pretransfusion tests suggested human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (+ ), and that other results were negative.Both parents of the child were infected with HIV.This paper demonstrates that neurological involvement is not rare in HIV infection, and stroke is the most common cause of clinical focal neurological deficits in HIV-infected children.Screening with MRI is recommended for high-risk children with neurologic symptoms or neurocognitive dysfunction.