Analysis of Increased Xerosis in Intensive Care Unit Patients

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Xerosis is commonly seen in patients in intensive care units (ICU), and is sometimes accompanied by itching sensation and dermatitis. However, xerosis in ICU patients is often missed by doctors who are trained to attend to the more serious conditions that can become life-threatening. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate xerosis of ICU patients objectively, by measuring hydration levels of the skin. METHOD: To investigate hydration levels of the skin in ICU patients, a corneometer was used to measure the skin's capacitance. The experimental group consisted of 106 ICU patients, while the control group was made up of 53 outpatients visiting the dermatology department. RESULTS: ICU patients showed decreased skin surface hydration, and its level was inversely correlated with the duration of ICU admission. However, no correlation between age and skin surface hydration was observed in either the ICU patients or the control group. The actual humidity of the ICU was 5% lower than that of the outpatient dermatologic clinic. The severity of systemic diseases can also influence the development of xerosis. CONCLUSION: The decreased skin surface hydration in ICU patients correlated with the prolonged ICU stay, which seemed to be associated with the dry environment of the ICU or the severity of the systemic diseases causing dry skin. The increased incidence of xerosis in ICU patients can be explained by the decreased skin surface hydration.