Prevalence and risk factors of thyroid nodules in health examination population / 中国综合临床

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid nodules in physical examination population.Method:A total of 5934 Han people who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Sciences from August 2016 to August 2019 were selected as the research objects. Retrospective research methods were used to divide them into thyroid nodule group and thyroid non nodule group according to the results of thyroid ultrasound examination, and statistical analysis was carried out in combination with relevant data. T-test was used for the comparison between measurement data groups that conform to the normal distribution and χ 2 test was used for the comparison between counting data groups. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between different factors and thyroid nodules, and the odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Results:(1) The prevalence of thyroid nodules in all population is 28.1% (1 668/5 934), the prevalence of thyroid nodule is 23.1% (977/4 230) in men and 40.6% (691/1 704) in women separately, and the distribution is obviously higher in women than that in male (χ 2=183.13, P=0.008). The prevalence increased with aging in both sexes ( P=0.001). (2) The correlation between the clinical data of physical examination population and thyroid nodules was analyzed according to gender. Among male patients, the rates of BMI≥23.0 kg/m 2 (82.2% (803/977)), diabetes (14.7% (144/977)), hypertension (44.4% (434/977)) and smoking history (63.1% (616/977)) in thyriod nodule group were higher than those in the non thyroid nodule group (78.9% (2 565/3 253), 8% (260/3 253), 29.3% (952/3 253), 56.9% (1 851/3 253)) (χ 2 were 5.17, 39.59, 78.35 and 11.80, respectively; P values were 0.023, 0.009, 0.005 and 0.007, respectively). Among female patients, the rates of BMI ≥23.0 kg/m 2 (55% (380/691)), obesity (31.1% (215/691)), diabetes (6.2% (43/691)), hypertension (28.9% (200/691)), high total cholesterol (43.6% (301/691)), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (7.1% (49/691)), high triglycerides (28.4% (196/691)), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (29.1% (201/691)) in thyroid nodule group were higher than those in the non thyroid nodule group (43.6% (442/1 013), 22.5% (228/1 013), 1.9% (19/1 013), 19.2% (195/1 013), 34.7% (352/1 013), 17.9% (181/1 013), 21.5% (218/1 013), 4.5% (46/1 013)), and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 were 21.23, 15.82, 22.14, 21.68, 13.51, 26.27, 12.69 and 5.08, respectively; P values were 0.007, 0.006, 0.009, 0.007, 0.008, 0.005, 0.005 and 0.024, respectively). (3) Multiple logistic regression analysis reveal that age ( OR=1.530, 95% CI:1.463-1.621, P=0.009), sex ( OR=3.580, 95% CI:2.931-4.381, P=0.005), smoking ( OR=1.360, 95% CI:1.161-1.592, P=0.007) and high blood pressure ( OR=1.290, 95% CI:1.121-1.482, P=0.006) were the risk factors of thyroid nodule. Conclusion:The prevalence of thyroid nodules is 28.1% in XiangYang and surrounding areas, and the elders, women, smoking and high blood pressure were the risk factors of thyroid nodule.