Descolamento prematuro de placenta / Placental abruption

RESUMO

O descolamento prematura de placenta (DPP) e uma emergencia obstetrica que exige intervencao medica imediata e e responsavel por alto indice de mortalidade perinatal e materna. Incide em aproximadamente 0,5 a 3,0% do total de gestacoes, relacionando-se com mortalidade perinatal em 15% dos casos. A causa primaria da DPP e desconhecida, entretanto associa- se frequentemente com hipertensao arterial sistemica. O diagnostico e essencialmente clinico e o quadra se caracteriza principalmente por sangramento vaginal, dor abdominal e hipertonia uterina. A conduta adotada varia na dependencia das condicoes maternas e fetais. O presente relato expoe um caso envolvendo gestante sem fatores de risco, apresentando manifestacoes clinicas classicas. 0 reconhecimento rapido do descolamento prematura de placenta e a intervencao apropriada garantiram a sobrevivencia materna e neonatal. (AU)

ABSTRACT

Placental abruption (also known as Abrutio Placentae) is an obstetric emergency that demands prompt medical intervention and is responsible for a high perinatal and maternal mortality rate. It occurs in approximately 0,5 - 3,0% of all pregnancies, resulting in perinatal mortality in about 15% of the occurrences. The main cause that leads to Abrutio Placentae is still unknown, but it is often related to maternal high blood pressure. The diagnostic is made primarily by the clinical evaluation of the patient and the expected symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal ache and hypertonia of the uterus. The medical approach varies depending of both maternal and fetal overall condition. The following report displays a case that happened to a pregnant woman which had apparently no risk whatsoever and ended up presenting the classical clinical manifestations. The rapid diagnostic and appropriate handling of the placental abruption assured the survival of both mother and newborn. (AU)