Relation of Dental Anomalies with Occlusal Alterations in the Pediatric Patients

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify the dental anomalies that can modify the occlusal characteristics and their distribution in these occlusal alterations in the skeletal patterns of children. Material and Methods: We analyzed charts, panoramic and periapical radiographs of children aged 5 to 12 years from 2009 to 2012. The facial pattern was evaluated through subjective face analysis and cephalometric data, as well as the occlusion of patients with and without (control) dental anomalies. The relationship between the presence of dental anomalies and malocclusion was analyzed by the Chi-square test with significance level of 5%. Results: 73 children (27.8%) presented dental anomalies, being 49.3% in girls and 50.7% in boys in a total of 88 teeth involved. Anomalies observed in decreasing order were enamel hypoplasias, eruptive ectopias, agenesis, supernumerary teeth, corono-radicular dilaceration, microdontia, transposition and imperfect amelogenesis. Of these, 22.2% presented associated dental anomalies, whose ectopic eruption with enamel hypoplasia were the most frequently encountered. When comparing the control group with children with dental abnormalities it was observed a significant relationship between the presence of dental anomalies and malocclusion (p<0.05). The most frequent alteration among patients with dental anomalies was deep overbite (24.6%), followed by crowding (23.3%), posterior crossbite (14.2%), anterior open bite (12.9%) and anterior crossbite (0.3%). Conclusion: Dental dysgenesis interferes with the development of occlusion and the resulting occlusal problems are distributed differently, taking into account the skeletal facial pattern in patients with and without dental anomalies.