Evaluation of Serum Interleukin-33 and Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) Receptors in Patients with and without Periodontal Disease

ABSTRACT

Context Interleukin?33 and its receptor soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) play an important role in inflammation and its role in periodontal disease is yet unclear. The role of both IL?33 and sST2 together in periodontal disease as biomarkers has never been studied. Aim: To assess the levels of IL?33 and sST2 in serum samples of patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 71 subjects (30 healthy subjects and 41 patients with periodontal disease) were included in the cross?sectional study. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) was used to assess periodontal health by utilizing a mouth mirror and a CPI probe. Venous blood was collected and serum was separated. Serum levels of IL?33 and sST2 were determined by the enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Statistical Analysis: Graph Pad Prism 5 was used for statistical analysis. Mann Whitney test was applied to compare the two groups. Results: The level of IL?33 was not found to be elevated among healthy subjects and sST2 was found elevated among patients with periodontal disease. The serum concentration of IL?33 was found at 472 ± 114 pg/ml and 282 ± 77 pg/ml among healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease respectively. Significantly higher values of sST2 at 28 ± 2 ng/ml were found among periodontal patients as compared to healthy subjects with values of 18 ± 1 ng/ml. No significant differences were noted between mild to moderate and severe periodontitis for IL?33 and sST2 between the two groups. Conclusion: This study shows alteration in serum levels of IL?33 and sST2 in periodontitis patients. IL?33 and sST2 may be potential inflammatory markers of periodontitis. Further studies are required on a large sample size for better understanding. This pilot study is the first to assess the serum levels of both IL?33 and sST2 together among patients with and without periodontal disease.