Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s correlation with carotid intima-media thickness

Background:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the major macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) which is largely neglected by clinicians. DM-associated atherosclerosis can lead to complications in all major of vascular beds, including the coronary arteries, carotid vessels, and lower extremity arteries. Aims and objective were tostudy the prevalence of PAD in patients with type 2 DMand to study the correlation with carotid artery intima-media thicknessMethods:Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among the 124 patients admitted with type 2 diabetes (age >25 year) from Dec 2019 to Oct 2021 in the various units of department of medicineor surgery, KPS institute, GSVM medical college Kanpur. Color doppler of limbs and carotid artery was done in study population.Results:In our study based on doppler ultrasound, the prevalence of PAD was found in 31 patients (25%) out of 124 with men having a higher prevalence (24 out of 74; 77.4%), as compared to women (7 out of 50; 22.6%) (p=0.020). The mean Carotid IMT (mm) (Average) was 0.82±0.16 in all diabetics. Patients with PAD have more increase in CIMT (0.95±0.12) as compare to non-PAD (0.77±0.15) p<0.001.Conclusions:By using doppler, we found evidence of PAD in 25% of type 2 diabetics (M>>F). Patients with PAD have more increase in CIMT as compare to non-PAD.