Effect of adrenalectomy and adrenalectomy+hydrocortisone treatment on histopathological, biochemical and zinc and copper profiles in rat testes.

ABSTRACT

Degenerative changes such as decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, Leydig cell nuclear diameter, spermatogenic arrest, oedematous fluid in the interstitium and lumen of seminiferous tubules and increased levels of zinc, copper and enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; leucine aminopeptidase, LAP; and aryl sulphatase) in adrenalectomised rats suggest a possible role of adrenal cortex and its hormones in spermatogonial cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation, homeostasis of biological trace elements and behaviour of enzymes. Atrophy of Leydig cells and the degenerative changes in testes of adrenalectomised rats can be attributed to reduced supply of testosterone. Hydrocortisone, administered through a single dose acted as hyperstate of hydrocortisone for a short duration, thereby inhibiting steroidogenesis either directly by affecting Leydig cell testosterone production or indirectly by affecting the release of LH from pituitary gland and thus caused degeneration of germinal epithelium. Once hydrocortisone (half life < 12 hr) was metabolized, the animals returned to adrenalectomised state, the degeneration persisted. Thus, hydrocortisone administered through a single dose was insufficient to sustain spermatogenesis. Chronic administration at physiological dose may renew spermatogenesis. Increased levels of LDH, LAP and arylsulphatase are, probably, necessary for cellular degeneration. Zinc and copper exhibited an increase and the rise can be corroborated to (1) failure of regulatory mechanism(s) that control the flow of the elements across the blood-testes barrier; and (2) increased oedematous fluid formed by cellular deaths of the germinal epithelium.