The reference values and Z scores regression equations of normal newborns undergoing echocardiography / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the reference values and Z scores regression equations of newborn undergoing echocardiography. Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight newborns (aged 0-28 days) of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital underwent echocardiography examination, including M-mode, two-dimensional (2D) and real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography, color Doppler lfow imaging (CDFI) and tissue Doppler imaging. The correlation between echocardiography results and weight were analyzed and Z scores were calculated. Results The normal values of right ventricular diameter (RV) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) measured by M-mode, the mitral annulus diameter in four chamber view (MV-D1), mitral annulus diameter in two chamber view (MV-D2), mitral annulus diameter in longitudinal view (MV-D3), aortic ring diameter (ARD), aortic sinus diameter (ASD), ascending aorta diameter (AAO), transverse aorta diameter (TA), aortic isthmus diameter (AI), aorta diaphragm diameter (AO-Dia), tricuspid annulus diameter in four chamber view (TV-D1), tricuspid annulus diameter in right ventricular inlfow tract view (TV-D2), right ventricular outlfow tract diameter (RVOT), pulmonary valve diameter (PVD) and main pulmonary artery diameter (PA) measured by 2D echocardiography and the normal values of mitral valve inflow Doppler component during early diastole (MV-E), mitral valve inlfow Doppler component during atrial contraction (MV-A), tricuspid valve inlfow Doppler component during early diastole (TV-E), tricuspid valve inflow Doppler component during atrial contraction (TV-A), aortic valve peak velocity (AV-max), aortic valve velocity-time integral (AV-VTI), pulmonary valve peak velocity (PV-max), pulmonary valve velocity-time integral (PV-VTI) measured by pulse Doppler, the mitral annular tissue Doppler component during systole (MV-s′), mitral annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (MV-e′), mitral annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (MV-a′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during systole (TV-s′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (TV-e′), tricuspid annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (TV-a′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during systole (IVS-s′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during early diastole (IVS-e′), interventricular septum annular tissue Doppler component during atrial contraction (IVS-a′) measured by tissue Doppler, the normal values of left atrial volume (LAV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) measured by bi-plane method and the normal values of LVEDV, SV and CO measured by real-time tri-plane method, together with the normal values of left ventricular (LV) mass, left ventricular mass index [LV mass/BSA, LV mass/H2.7, body surface area (BSA) and height (H)], all showed nonlinear positive correlations with body weight (all P0.05). Except for RV, MV-D1, MV-D2, MV-D3, TV-D1, TV-E, MV-s′, IVS-a′, TV-s′and TV-e′, all R2 obtained by nonlinear regression method (lnY=a+bX+cX2+dX3) were larger than those obtained by linear regression method (Y=a+bX). The Z score showed a normal distribution and no correlation with body weight. Conclusions The normal reference values of newborn undergoing echocardiography reflect the variation in weight. The Z scores can be obtained by the predicted nonlinear regression equations and show standard normal distribution. The echocardiography normal reference values have important significance for the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal heart disease.