Relationships among Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Health Behavior of Osteoporosis and Fall Prevention in Old Aged Women

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was conducted among older women to (1) identify their levels of knowledge, self-efficacy, and health behavior in dealing with osteoporosis and falls and (2) explore the relationships between the study variables based on a health-beliefs model. METHODS: With a cross-sectional survey design, we recruited 94 older women of ages from 65 to 74 at a community setting via convenience sampling. The study participants completed two sets of structured questionnaires (on osteoporosis and fall prevention). RESULTS: The general characteristics of the study participants demonstrated that the women were at high risk for osteoporosis and falls. Overall, the levels of knowledge about osteoporosis and falls, their self-efficacy, and their preventive behaviors were average or slightly above. The relationships between the study variables showed that self-efficacy and healthy behavior, such as doing osteoporosis exercise, eating an osteoporosis diet, and avoiding falls, were related (r=38, p < .001; r=.33, p < .05; r=.26, p < .05). In addition, there were statistically significant relationships between osteoporosis and fall prevention knowledge (r=.37~.46, p < .001), self-efficacy (r=.50~.53, p < .001), and preventive behaviors (r=.50, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The women's scores on osteoporosis and fall knowledge, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors suggest an urgent need for the implementation of educational programs for older women. A close relationship between self-efficacy and health behaviors implies a need for transformation of a traditional one-way lecture form.