Clinical outcomes of fibrinolytic therapy for prehospital treatment of acute myocardial infarction

ABSTRACT

Fibrinolytic Therapy (FT) is an important form of treatment for cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), especially in those places where Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is not available, which is the main form of treatment and can be used even in the prehospital care. Aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of the use of FT in prehospital care for treating patients with AMI. This research covered a total of 53 patients and was carried out from march to october 2017, referring to the care provided from january 2015 to december 2016 in two stages, in which the first occurred with the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU) and Walk-in Emergency Care Units (UPA), and the second in the referenced hospital services as gateways to those units. Data were collected from secondary sources. The clinical outcomes of FT considered in the form of absolute and relative frequencies and measures of central tendency were considered. The main signs and symptoms at admission were chest pain (84.62%), sweating (36.54%), dyspnea (26.92%), hypertension (19.23%), nausea (17.31%), malaise (17.31%) and emesis (13.46%). The main characteristic of chest discomfort was chest pain (70.45%). The FT drug administered in all patients was tenecteplase. The median time from symptom-to-door was 180 minutes, while symptom-reperfusion was 300 minutes and door-to-needle 160 minutes. Regarding the outcome, 74.47% had clinical improvement, 19.15% died, 4.25% had refractory AMI and 2.13% had reinfarction. The main characteristic of clinical improvement was the reversal of chest pain (68.57%), characterized as myocardial reperfusion criteria. The present study presented the main outcomes of FT use with improvement of those patients who were treated with it, and shorter times related to chest discomfort and the administration of FT were responsible for increasing the outcomes of clinical improvement and decreasing the outcome of death.