ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common senile chronic degenerative
diseases in
China.Due to its complex pathogenesis and cellular molecular
communication pathways,there is currently no effective
method to slow down the progression of
osteoarthritis.Studies have found that
transforming growth factor-β is one of the key factors in the
maintenance and
regulation of
joint stability and
plays a significant
role in the formation of early
joints,as well as the development of
bone and
cartilage,and the
remodeling of
joints at various stages.
OBJECTIVE:
To
review the regulatory
role of the
transforming growth factor-β subfamily in the occurrence and development of
osteoarthritis,both domestically and internationally in recent years,to analyze the impacts it has at different stages of
osteoarthritis,and to explore the potential application prospects of
transforming growth factor-β in the clinical
treatment of
osteoarthritis,with a view to informing clinical
treatment protocols..
METHODS:
The relevant articles were searched by
computer from CNKI Database and
PubMed Database.The search terms were"
osteoarthritis,
transforming growth factor,signaling pathway,
bone remodeling,
cartilage degeneration,
angiogenesis,
treatment"in
Chinese and English,respectively.Finally,57 articles were included for
review. RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION:
The pathogenesis of
osteoarthritis remains a subject of ongoing exploration with no unified
consensus.Numerous studies highlight the close correlation between
osteoarthritis and
cytokines,focusing on the
transforming growth factor-β superfamily as a pivotal mechanism and
therapeutic breakthrough.
Transforming growth factor-β
plays a crucial
role in early
joint cartilage formation and
maintenance,promoting
cartilage repair.However,post-
joint formation,its protective effect weakens,leading to potential destructive consequences.This dual regulatory
role is a current clinical
treatment focus,necessitating further
research to delineate its application scope for standardized
protocols.Highly active
transforming growth factor-β participates in the
regulation of
bone cells,
osteoblasts,and
osteoclasts under
mechanical stress,and intervenes in the subsequent
remodeling of
bone microstructure.Specific inhibitors present potential targeted
therapeutics,yet their
safety and
efficacy in clinical settings require refinement.Vascular proliferation may serve as a potential disruptive pathway in
transforming growth factor-β-mediated
cartilage degeneration and subchondral
bone remodeling.Abnormal
communication pathways can further disrupt the
homeostasis of the microenvironment of osteochondral units,thereby accelerating key pathological progressions of
osteoarthritis.
Research on
transforming growth factor-β in osteoarthritic contexts is comprehensive,holding broad clinical application prospects.
Drugs related to
transforming growth factor-β are in
clinical trial phases,but addressing potential impacts on other
tissues and precise control of targeted delivery are critical concerns.As
research advances,there is
optimism for innovative breakthroughs in slowing the progression of
osteoarthritis in the
future.